Prolonged Signal Pulses from Silicon Strip Sensors Showing Enhanced Charge Multiplication PDF Download
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Author: Leena Diehl
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Abstract: P-type silicon strip sensors will be used as particle detectors in harsh radiation environment, as in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider with fluences up to 1⋅1016 neq/cm2. They have been irradiated and annealed to predict their long term performance. Charge multiplication, which appears at high voltages after long annealing times, increases the n charge collection, but also leads to prolonged signals. The edge-transient current technique as well as beta-measurements were used to investigate the origin of these slow pulses. Sensors exhibiting those slow pulses showed a substantial low electric field even beyond the high field region close to the strip implants. Electrons created deep in the sensor are spreading while traveling slowly to the depletion region. All electrons reaching the high field close to the strips get multiplied and create a secondary, new broadend cloud of free holes. These holes move towards the backplane, but experience trapping and a self-screening effect and show a plasma-like behavior. Due to the low field region they introduce a slow and low signal. The obtained results are supported by simulations and agree well with the observation of a ballistic deficit and an enlarged cluster size observed in charge collection measurement. The conclusion drawn by this study can also be extended to all semiconductor detector exploiting a severe charge multiplication while having low field regions
Author: Leena Diehl
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Abstract: P-type silicon strip sensors will be used as particle detectors in harsh radiation environment, as in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider with fluences up to 1⋅1016 neq/cm2. They have been irradiated and annealed to predict their long term performance. Charge multiplication, which appears at high voltages after long annealing times, increases the n charge collection, but also leads to prolonged signals. The edge-transient current technique as well as beta-measurements were used to investigate the origin of these slow pulses. Sensors exhibiting those slow pulses showed a substantial low electric field even beyond the high field region close to the strip implants. Electrons created deep in the sensor are spreading while traveling slowly to the depletion region. All electrons reaching the high field close to the strips get multiplied and create a secondary, new broadend cloud of free holes. These holes move towards the backplane, but experience trapping and a self-screening effect and show a plasma-like behavior. Due to the low field region they introduce a slow and low signal. The obtained results are supported by simulations and agree well with the observation of a ballistic deficit and an enlarged cluster size observed in charge collection measurement. The conclusion drawn by this study can also be extended to all semiconductor detector exploiting a severe charge multiplication while having low field regions
Author: Helmuth Spieler
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191523658
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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Book Description
Semiconductor sensors patterned at the micron scale combined with custom-designed integrated circuits have revolutionized semiconductor radiation detector systems. Designs covering many square meters with millions of signal channels are now commonplace in high-energy physics and the technology is finding its way into many other fields, ranging from astrophysics to experiments at synchrotron light sources and medical imaging. This book is the first to present a comprehensive discussion of the many facets of highly integrated semiconductor detector systems, covering sensors, signal processing, transistors and circuits, low-noise electronics, and radiation effects. The diversity of design approaches is illustrated in a chapter describing systems in high-energy physics, astronomy, and astrophysics. Finally a chapter "Why things don't work" discusses common pitfalls. Profusely illustrated, this book provides a unique reference in a key area of modern science.
Author: Christian W. Fabjan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030353184
Category : Elementary particles (Physics).
Languages : en
Pages : 1083
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Book Description
This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Author: Claus Grupen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642132715
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1251
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Book Description
The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Author: Hermann Kolanoski
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191899232
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 949
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Book Description
This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Author: Gerhard Lutz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540716793
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
Starting from basic principles, this book describes the rapidly growing field of modern semiconductor detectors used for energy and position measurement radiation. The author, whose own contributions to these developments have been significant, explains the working principles of semiconductor radiation detectors in an intuitive way. Broad coverage is also given to electronic signal readout and to the subject of radiation damage.
Author: G.. Apollinari
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789290834700
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
Author: Jacob Fraden
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387216049
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 596
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Book Description
Seven years have passed since the publication of the previous edition of this book. During that time, sensor technologies have made a remarkable leap forward. The sensitivity of the sensors became higher, the dimensions became smaller, the sel- tivity became better, and the prices became lower. What have not changed are the fundamental principles of the sensor design. They are still governed by the laws of Nature. Arguably one of the greatest geniuses who ever lived, Leonardo Da Vinci, had his own peculiar way of praying. He was saying, “Oh Lord, thanks for Thou do not violate your own laws. ” It is comforting indeed that the laws of Nature do not change as time goes by; it is just our appreciation of them that is being re?ned. Thus, this new edition examines the same good old laws of Nature that are employed in the designs of various sensors. This has not changed much since the previous edition. Yet, the sections that describe the practical designs are revised substantially. Recent ideas and developments have been added, and less important and nonessential designs were dropped. Probably the most dramatic recent progress in the sensor technologies relates to wide use of MEMS and MEOMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems and micro-electro-opto-mechanical systems). These are examined in this new edition with greater detail. This book is about devices commonly called sensors. The invention of a - croprocessor has brought highly sophisticated instruments into our everyday lives.
Author: Takao Kuroda
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482220067
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Providing a succinct introduction to the systemization, noise sources, and signal processes of image sensor technology, Essential Principles of Image Sensors discusses image information and its four factors: space, light intensity, wavelength, and time. Featuring clarifying and insightful illustrations, this must-have text: Explains how image sensors convert optical image information into image signals Treats space, wavelength, and time as digitized built-in coordinate points in image sensors and systems Details the operational principles, pixel technology, and evolution of CCD, MOS, and CMOS sensors with updated technology Describes sampling theory, presenting unique figures demonstrating the importance of phase Explores causes for the decline of image information quality In a straightforward manner suitable for beginners and experts alike, Essential Principles of Image Sensors covers key topics related to digital imaging including semiconductor physics, component elements necessary for image sensors, silicon as a sensitive material, noises in sensors, and more.
Author: Junichi Nakamura
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420026852
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Shrinking pixel sizes along with improvements in image sensors, optics, and electronics have elevated DSCs to levels of performance that match, and have the potential to surpass, that of silver-halide film cameras. Image Sensors and Signal Processing for Digital Still Cameras captures the current state of DSC image acquisition and signal processing technology and takes an all-inclusive look at the field, from the history of DSCs to future possibilities. The first chapter outlines the evolution of DSCs, their basic structure, and their major application classes. The next few chapters discuss high-quality optics that meet the requirements of better image sensors, the basic functions and performance parameters of image sensors, and detailed discussions of both CCD and CMOS image sensors. The book then discusses how color theory affects the uses of DSCs, presents basic image processing and camera control algorithms and examples of advanced image processing algorithms, explores the architecture and required performance of signal processing engines, and explains how to evaluate image quality for each component described. The book closes with a look at future technologies and the challenges that must be overcome to realize them. With contributions from many active DSC experts, Image Sensors and Image Processing for Digital Still Cameras offers unparalleled real-world coverage and opens wide the door for future innovation.
