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Author: Nuriye Melisa Bilgin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
We obtain measures of demand and supply shock spillovers across the U.S. manufacturing industries using monthly data on industrial production (1976-2022) and producer prices (1947-2022). Analyzing the spillovers/connectedness measures and the input-output linkages, we find strong evidence that supply shocks propagate downstream through the producer price channel. In contrast, demand shocks propagate upstream through the production channel. Statistical tests strongly support that the input-output network Granger causes inflation connectedness, especially more significantly during global metal-mineral and oil price hikes. Similarly, the input-output network Granger causes output connectedness, particularly more strongly during U.S. recessions.
Author: Nuriye Melisa Bilgin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
We obtain measures of demand and supply shock spillovers across the U.S. manufacturing industries using monthly data on industrial production (1976-2022) and producer prices (1947-2022). Analyzing the spillovers/connectedness measures and the input-output linkages, we find strong evidence that supply shocks propagate downstream through the producer price channel. In contrast, demand shocks propagate upstream through the production channel. Statistical tests strongly support that the input-output network Granger causes inflation connectedness, especially more significantly during global metal-mineral and oil price hikes. Similarly, the input-output network Granger causes output connectedness, particularly more strongly during U.S. recessions.
Author: David Baqaee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Covid-19 crisis is an unusual and seemingly all-encompassing economic shock. On the one hand, it was unquestionably a negative demand shock that, for fixed prices and incomes, reduced household spending. On the other hand, it was also unquestionably a negative supply shock that reduced firms' ability to maintain production at pre-pandemic prices and quantities. These negative shocks affected different industries differently: whereas some producers easily switched to remote-work and maintained both employment and production, industries that required face-to-face contact were forced to reduce production capacity and employment. We consider a stripped-down version of the model presented in Baqaee and Farhi (2020). Despite its simplicity, the model nevertheless allows for an arbitrary input-output network, complementarities in both consumption and production, incomplete markets, downward nominal wage rigidity, and a zero-lower bound. In this sense, it contains many of the ingredients typically considered to be important for understanding the economic fallout from Covid-19. Nevertheless, despite allowing for these realistic ingredients, this model has a stark property: factor income shares at the initial equilibrium are global sufficient statistics for the input-output network. This article clarifies clarifies what ingredients must be added to a model if the production network is to play an important role in the propagation of shocks.
Author: Banu Demir
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
This study finds that even small unexpected supply shocks propagate downstream through production networks and are amplified by firms with short-term financial constraints. The unexpected 2011 increase in the tax on imports purchased with foreign-sourced trade credit is examined using data capturing almost all Turkish supplier-customer links. The identification strategy exploits the heterogeneous impact of the shock on importers. The results indicate that this small shock had a non-trivial economic impact on exposed firms and propagated downstream through affected suppliers. Empirical tests, motivated by a simple theory, demonstrate that low-liquidity firms amplified its transmission.
Author: Mr. Sonali Das
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513587390
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
This paper examines the role of sectoral spillovers in propagating sectoral shocks in the broader economy, both in the past and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we study how shocks that occur within a sector itself and spillovers from shocks to other sectors affect sectoral activity, for a large sample of countries from 1995 to 2014. We find that both supply and demand shocks—measured as changes in, respectively, productivity and government purchases at the sector level—have large spillover effects on sector-level gross value added and on a sector’s share of the economy. We then use these historical estimates, together with the network structure of global production, to quantify the spillovers from the economic shock associated with the pandemic. We find spillover effects to be sizeable, making up a significant fraction of the overall decline in activity in 2020.Our results have implications for the design of policies with a sectoral dimension.
Author: Daron Acemoglu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business networks
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
The propagation of macroeconomic shocks through input-output and geographic networks can be a powerful driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. We first exposit that in the presence of Cobb-Douglas production functions and consumer preferences, there is a specific pattern of economic transmission whereby demand-side shocks propagate upstream (to input-supplying industries) and supply-side shocks propagate downstream (to customer industries) and that there is a tight relationship between the direct impact of a shock and the magnitudes of the downstream and the upstream indirect effects. We then investigate the short-run propagation of four different types of industry-level shocks: two demand-side ones (the exogenous component of the variation in industry imports from China and changes in federal spending) and two supply side ones (TFP shocks and variation in knowledge/ideas coming from foreign patenting). In each case, we find substantial propagation of these shocks through the input-output network, with a pattern broadly consistent with theory. Quantitatively, the network-based propagation is larger than the direct effects of the shocks. We also show quantitatively large effects from the geographic network, capturing the fact that the local propagation of a shock to an industry will fall more heavily on other industries that tend to collocate with it across local markets. Our results suggest that the transmission of various different types of shocks through economic networks and industry interlinkages could have first-order implications for the macroeconomy. Keywords: Economic fluctuations, geographic collocation, input-output linkages, networks, propagation, shocks. JEL Classification: E32.
Author: Jean-Noel Barrot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
This paper examines whether firm-level idiosyncratic shocks propagate in production networks. We identify idiosyncratic shocks with the occurrence of natural disasters. We find that affected suppliers impose substantial output losses on their customers, especially when they produce specific inputs. These output losses translate into significant value losses, and they spill over to other suppliers. Our point estimates are economically large, suggesting that input specificity is an important determinant of the propagation of idiosyncratic shocks in the economy.
Author: Guglielmo Zappalà
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
Local weather shocks have been shown to affect local economic output, however, little is known about their propagation through production networks. Using a six-sector global dataset over the past fifty years, this paper examines the effect of weather fluctuations and extreme weather events on sectoral economic production and the transmission of weather shocks across sectors, countries and over time. I document that agriculture is the most harmed sector by heat shocks, droughts and cyclones. Using input-output interlinkages, I find that sectors at later stages of the supply chain suffer from substantial and persistent losses over time due to domestic and foreign heat shocks in other sectors. A counterfactual analysis of the average annual output loss accounting for heat shocks across trade partners shows a substantial underestimation of the economic cost of temperature increases since 2000.
Author: Olivér Miklós Rácz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
There is growing evidence of producer-level idiosyncratic shocks affecting macroeconomic aggregates as they are propagated and amplified by input-output linkages, which are also known as the production network. Most of the recent models assume that this shock-propagation is instantaneous, however, in their seminal model, Long, and Plosser (1983) assumed it to be dynamic. In their model it can be characterized by the textit{average propagation time}: the time it takes for an input supplier to pass on the effect of a shock to its direct customers.This paper is the first attempt to quantify the average propagation time of an economy by the structural estimation of a prediction by Long and Plosser (1983) that connects industry-level idiosyncratic TFP shocks to industry output by the production network. The estimation is carried out on annual data series of 66 industries of the US economy between 1997 and 2020. Preliminary findings suggest that the average propagation time for TFP shocks was around 6 months in past decades and became shorter (4 months) after the Great Recession. These results suggest that the propagation of TFP shocks stretches beyond the horizon of one year in just 2-3 propagation steps generating a correlation between subsequent annual GDP observations. Thus the network propagation of TFP shocks might explain aggregate dynamics. Based on simple calculations network propagation of TFP shocks can account for 85 % of the first-order auto-correlation of annual GDP in the US. These results also suggest the potential for optimally timed industry-level interventions during a recession.
Author: Martin Eichenbaum
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022639574X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 517
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Book Description
This year, the NBER Macroeconomics Annual celebrates its thirtieth volume. The first two papers examine China’s macroeconomic development. “Trends and Cycles in China's Macroeconomy” by Chun Chang, Kaiji Chen, Daniel F. Waggoner, and Tao Zha outlines the key characteristics of growth and business cycles in China. “Demystifying the Chinese Housing Boom” by Hanming Fang, Quanlin Gu, Wei Xiong, and Li-An Zhou constructs a new house price index, showing that Chinese house prices have grown by ten percent per year over the past decade. The third paper, “External and Public Debt Crises” by Cristina Arellano, Andrew Atkeson, and Mark Wright, asks why there appear to be large differences across countries and subnational jurisdictions in the effect of rising public debts on economic outcomes. The fourth, “Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration” by Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, and William Kerr, explains how the network structure of the US economy propagates the effect of gross output productivity shocks across upstream and downstream sectors. The fifth and sixth papers investigate the usefulness of surveys of household’s beliefs for understanding economic phenomena. “Expectations and Investment,” by Nicola Gennaioli, Yueran Ma, and Andrei Shleifer, demonstrates that a chief financial officer's expectations of a firm's future earnings growth is related to both the planned and actual future investment of that firm. “Declining Desire to Work and Downward Trends in Unemployment and Participation” by Regis Barnichon and Andrew Figura shows that an increasing number of prime-age Americans who are not in the labor force report no desire to work and that this decline accelerated during the second half of the 1990s.
Author: Ms.Yevgeniya Korniyenko
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475578512
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Anecdotal evidence suggests the existence of specific choke points in the global trade network revealed especially after natural disasters (e.g. hard drive components and Thailand flooding, Japanese auto components post-Fukushima, etc.). Using a highly disaggregated international trade database we assess the spillover effects of supply shocks from the import of specific goods. Our goal is to identify inherent vulnerabilities arising from the composition of a country’s import basket and to propose effective mitigation policies. First, using network analysis tools we develop a methodology for evaluating and ranking the supply fragility of individual traded goods. Next, we create a country-level measure to determine each country’s supply shock vulnerability based on the composition of their individual import baskets. This measure evaluates the potential negative supply shock spillovers from the import of each good.
