Author: Roberto Guerra Olivares
Publisher: Eae Editorial Academia Espanola
ISBN: 9783845482033
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 104
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Book Description
En esta obra se muestra una investigacion del proceso de produccion de biodiesel a nivel piloto aprovechando el aceite vegetal comestible usado como materia prima. Se detalla la manera en que al usar esta materia prima, el proceso se torna sustentable debido a que se aprovecha una sustancia considerada como desecho para la sintesis de un combustible amigable con el medio ambiente. Despues se expone un analisis de la oxidacion del biodiesel, el porque se lleva a cabo asi como su mecanismo de reaccion. Se evalua la influencia de usar aditivos antioxidantes en la produccion de este valioso biocombustible para acreditar las pruebas de calidad y promover su uso cotidiano como aliado ecologico del diesel fosil. Se investigaron algunas alternativas de antioxidantes para atacar el problema de la oxidacion del biodiesel y se propone uno en particular. Mediante un analisis de laboratorio se determino la concentracion optima de antioxidante que debe contener la mezcla para prolongar su periodo de vida util."
Author: Roberto Guerra Olivares
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : es
Pages :
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Book Description
El biodiesel elaborado por expertos de la Universidad de Graz, Austria a partir de aceite vegetal usado reporta períodos de inducción insuficientes para cumplir con el estándar europeo de calidad, por lo que existe la necesidad de buscar una alternativa para incrementar su estabilidad a la oxidación. Una opción práctica es agregar aditivos antioxidantes al producto terminado. Si bien el aceite vegetal nuevo posee cierta concentración de antioxidantes naturales, éstos desaparecen al momento de que es usado para cocinar, por lo que la propuesta que se presenta en la presente tesis es agregar un antioxidante sintético de nombre ter-butil hidroquinona (TBHQ). Mediante el análisis Rancimat se determinó que la concentración adecuada para asegurar la producción de biodiesel estable a la oxidación es de 800 ppm. Esta tesis, por otro lado, también analiza la factibilidad de instalar una planta de producción de biodiesel desde el punto de vista económico y técnico. ECOEN es una empresa que se dedicará a la producción de biodiesel en primera instancia usando aceite vegetal usado como materia prima; teniendo la visión a mediano plazo de cambiar la materia prima a aceite de Jatropha Curcas. El reto técnico que se presentó en la planta de ECOEN fue optimizar la limitada productividad que manejaba en su diseño original. Se procedió entonces a analizar detalladamente cada operación unitaria que se llevaba a cabo para buscar los cuellos de botella y poder llegar a una solución. Se rediseñó la planta mediante el uso de tanques de reposo adicionales y un tanque calentador de aceite vegetal. Gracias a la adquisición de estos equipos mayores se logró incrementar la producción de ECOEN de 300 a 1800 litros diarios.
Author: Pedro Nel Benjumea Hernández
Publisher: Universidad de Antioquia
ISBN: 9587143477
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : es
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Carlos Molina Mayo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788415287902
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Carlos Ricardo Soccol
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319302051
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
This book presents key recent developments in biofuel policy, products, processes, patents and innovative technologies. It presents several case studies, which maximize reader insights into how innovative green energy technologies can be implemented on an industrial scale, with illustrations, photos and new approaches. It also analyzes in detail several different technological aspects of the research into and production of green fuels from the first, second and third generation, such as, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, biobutanol, biofuels from pyrolysis, and discusses their economic and environmental impacts. A new source of information for engineers, technicians and students involved in production and research in the biofuels sector, this book also provides a valuable resource for industry, covering the current and future status of biofuels.
Author: Silvio Silvério da Silva
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319050206
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
This book discusses the commercialization of biofuels and the Brazilian government policies for the promotion of renewable energy program in Brazil, which could be a learning module for several countries for implementing biofuels policy to improve their socioeconomic status and make them energy independent. Researchers in academia and industries, policy makers, and economic analysts will be assisted by important source of information in their ongoing research and future perspectives. This book will benefit graduate and postgraduate students of chemical and biochemical engineering, forestry, microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, applied chemistry, environmental science, sustainable energy, and biotech business disciplines by signifying the applied aspects of bioenergy production from various natural sources and their implications. Graduate and postgraduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers will find clear concepts of feedstock analysis, feedstock degradation, microbial fermentation, genetic engineering, renewable energy generation and storage, climate changes, and techno-economic analysis of biofuels production technologies.
Author: IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1900222787
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Author: Piet Lens
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843391007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 545
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Book Description
Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Author: Jan C.J. Bart
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 085709632X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 944
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Book Description
Lubricants are essential in engineering, however more sustainable formulations are needed to avoid adverse effects on the ecosystem. Bio-based lubricant formulations present a promising solution. Biolubricants: Science and technology is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and timely review of this important subject. Initial chapters address the principles of lubrication, before systematically reviewing fossil and bio-based feedstock resources for biodegradable lubricants. Further chapters describe catalytic, (bio) chemical functionalisation processes for transformation of feedstocks into commercial products, product development, relevant legislation, life cycle assessment, major product groups and specific performance criteria in all major applications. Final chapters consider markets for biolubricants, issues to consider when selecting and using a lubricant, lubricant disposal and future trends. With its distinguished authors, Biolubricants: Science and technology is a comprehensive reference for an industrial audience of oil formulators and lubrication engineers, as well as researchers and academics with an interest in the subject. It provides an essential overview of scientific and technological developments enabling the cost-effective improvement of biolubricants, something that is crucial for the green future of the lubricant industry. A comprehensive, interdisciplinary and timely review of bio-based lubricant formulations Addresses the principles of lubrication Reviews fossil and bio-based feedstock resources for biodegradable lubricants
Author: Juan M. Lema
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780407866
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 690
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Book Description
This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
