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Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author:
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Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Aart Kraay
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Growth is pro-poor if the poverty measure of interest falls. This implies three potential sources of pro-poor growth: (a) a high rate of growth of average incomes; (b) a high sensitivity of poverty to growth in average incomes; and (c) a poverty-reducing pattern of growth in relative incomes. I empirically decompose changes in poverty in a large sample of developing countries into these components. In the medium run, most of the variation in changes in poverty is due to growth, suggesting that policies and institutions that promote broad-based growth should be central to pro-poor growth. Most of the remainder is due to poverty-reducing patterns of growth in relative incomes, rather than differences in the sensitivity of poverty to growth in average incomes. Cross-country evidence provides little guidance on policies and institutions that promote these other sources of pro-poor growth.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: World Bank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Author: Timothy Besley
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821365169
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Economic growth is the most important determinant of poverty reduction. But countries with similar rates of growth can experience different poverty reduction rates.
Author: J. Humberto Lopez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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"The author analyzes the stability of the empirical relationship between growth and changes in inequality over time. He concludes that while during the 1970s and 1980s the growth process was not accompanied by increases in inequality, during the 1990s a positive and significant correlation appears in the data. For this decade, he estimates that a 1 percent growth rate would be associated with an increase in the gini coefficient of between .3 to .5 percent. This positive correlation is hidden when one estimates the model without allowing for changes in the relationship over the different decades. The finding is robust to a number of departures from the basic specification including: (1) the use of alternative specifications to isolate decadal shifts; (2) the use of robust estimation techniques that address the potential influence of outliers; (3) restricting the sample to a balanced panel for the 1980s and 1990s to control for changes in the composition of the sample related to the unbalanced nature of the panel; and (4) considering the possibility of fixed effects in the data. The author also explores the impact of this structural change in the rate of poverty reduction and concludes that it is far from negligible. "--World Bank web site.
Author: Humberto Lopez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Boniface Essama-Nssah
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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"Starting with a general impact indicator as an evaluation criterion, Essama-Nssah offers an integrative framework for a unified discussion of various concepts and measures of pro-poor growth emerging from the current literature. He shows that whether economic growth is considered pro-poor depends fundamentally on the choice of evaluative weights. In addition, the author's framework leads to a new indicator of the rate of pro-poor growth that can be interpreted as the equally distributed equivalent growth rate. This is a distribution-adjusted rate of growth that depends on the chosen level of inequality aversion. Illustrations based on data for Indonesia in the 1990s show a strong link between growth and poverty reduction in that country. A decomposition of the observed poverty outcomes reveals the extent to which changes in inequality have blunted the poverty impacts of both growth and contraction. Finally, the results also demonstrate that absolute and relative indicators of pro-poor growth can lead to conflicting conclusions from the same set of facts. This paper'-- a product of the Poverty Reduction Group, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network-- is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the distributional implications of economic growth"-- World Bank web site.
Author: Lukas Menkhoff
Publisher: Duncker & Humblot
ISBN: 342852361X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
The embarrassing living conditions of more than one billion poor people in developing countries in combination with the increasing gap of living standards between the poor and the rich, has provided a strong motivation for development policy to change this situation. From its beginning, policy has aimed for stimulating economic growth in order to improve living conditions for everyone. The endurance of poverty, however, has motivated to extend the traditional »growth is good for the poor« by a more targeted policy that combines growth with a particular emphasis on improving the situation of the poor. This is exactly the objective of »pro-poor growth«, a term that became popular during the late 1990s and which seemed to dominate the stage with the propagation of the Millennium Development Goals, including its goal to halve poverty by 2015. This volume contains six papers that address various core issues of pro-poor growth policies. These papers were presented at the annual meeting of the Research Committee Development Economics (Ausschuss Entwicklungsländer des Vereins für Socialpolitik) in 2005. Papers were lively discussed at the meeting and later on improved by comments from anonymous referees. All authors have done extensive research in the field of pro-poor growth, including field studies. Accordingly, their contributions - reflecting this knowledge and proficiency - pick up recent developments in the field. The discussion of most appropriate pro-poor growth policies is an ongoing process which has been documented by a growing literature. The value added of the present volume is obviously not to be more comprehensive than others but rather to continue the line of work by bringing some recent research findings - with a focus on policy relevance and empirical substantiation - to a broader audience.
Author: Sabine Bernabe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Employment is widely perceived as being amongst the most important channels for translating growth into poverty reduction. However there has been limited empirical research to date on the relationship between growth, employment and poverty reduction. This paper focuses on two countries, Burkina Faso and Vietnam, with very distinct patterns of growth and poverty reduction. It examines how employment transmitted growth to the poor during the 1990s in each of these cases and what the role was of specific policies and initial country conditions. In particular, we attempt shed some light on Vietnam's relative success in terms of pro-poor growth. Understanding these questions will be important in informing the formulation of policies that maximize the participation of the poor in the growth process. This paper is undertaken within the broader framework of the Operationalising Pro-poor Growth (OPPG) study, which is based on 14 country case studies that examine linkages between growth and poverty reduction during the 1990s. The aim of this paper is to supplement the more general labor market analysis contained in the case studies, with a detailed inspection of how employment serves as a transmission channel from growth to poverty reduction. There are two important factors that maximize the effectiveness of employment in transmitting growth to the poor: (1) an increase in labor productivity that is (a) broad based and (b) concentrated in sectors where the poor are disproportionately employed or to which they have access, and (2) strong (domestic and foreign) demand for the goods and services produced by the poor and access to these markets. The paper is organized as follows. It begins with a brief review of what the existing literature tells us regarding the linkages between growth, labor markets and poverty reduction. We then briefly review what can be learned from the 14 OPPG country case studies is this respect. Section four introduces Burkina Faso and Vietnam and provides some basic stylized facts at the beginning of the 1990s, with an aim to set out the initial country conditions. It also highlights how these two countries represent the two extreme patterns of growth and poverty reduction observed in the 14 OPPG country case studies. Section five provides a profile of poverty in the labor market in Burkina Faso and Vietnam, identifying who the poor were at the beginning of the 90's, which groups faced the highest risks of poverty and how this changed during the 1990s. In section six, examine how labor markets transmitted growth to the poor in Vietnam. It analyzes how growth was reflected in the structure of employment and the extent of underemployment and what the impact was on earnings in sectors where the poor and non-poor were employed. Using panel data we then examine the extent to which the poor in Vietnam were able to benefit from growth by moving out of agriculture and into faster-growing industrial and services sectors. In section seven examines how growth affected the structure of employment and earnings in Burkina Faso during the 1990s. We then briefly analyze how employment affected the distributional pattern of growth in both countries in section eight. Finally, section ten draws some conclusions on how specific policies and initial country conditions affected the way in which employment transmitted growth to the poor in Burkina Faso and Vietnam and what factors can help to explain Vietnam's relative success in terms of growth and poverty reduction.
