River-Sand Mining: An Ethnography of Resource Conflict in China PDF Download
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Author: Qian Zhu
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004505911
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Anyone who cares about the environment cannot ignore the overmining of river-sand. This book explores how river sand in Zhuang villages in China has been overexploited with disastrous environmental (or social and environmental) consequences, despite official state ownership of the sand, national and local laws regulating mining, and peasant resistance.
Author: Qian Zhu
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004505911
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Anyone who cares about the environment cannot ignore the overmining of river-sand. This book explores how river sand in Zhuang villages in China has been overexploited with disastrous environmental (or social and environmental) consequences, despite official state ownership of the sand, national and local laws regulating mining, and peasant resistance.
Author: Swatantra Kumar Dubey
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031120590
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This book presents an exploration of linkages among soil-water, agriculture, and climate change with a special focus on thematic areas for assessment, mitigation, and management of natural resources under climate change conditions. This book covers advances in modelling approaches, including machine learning (ML)/ artificial intelligence (AI) applications; GIS and remote sensing; sensors; impacts of climate change on agriculture; subsurface water; contaminants; and socio-economic impacts, which are lacking in a more comprehensive manner in the previous titles. This book encompasses updated information as well as future directions for researchers working in the field of management of natural resources. The goal of this book is to provide scientific evidence to researchers and policymakers and end-to-end value chain practitioners which may help in reducing the overall adverse impacts of climate change on water resources and the related mitigation strategies. This book focuses on the knowledge, modern tools, and techniques, i.e., machine learning, artificial intelligence, etc. for soil-water, agriculture, and climate change. Further, nature-based solutions for management of natural resources with special targets on contaminants, extreme events, disturbances, etc. will be targeted. The book provides readers with the enhanced knowledge for application of engineering principles and economic and regulatory constraints to determine a soil-water, agriculture production action strategy, and select appropriate technologies to implement the strategy for a given data set at a site. It would also cover the application of laboratory, modeling, numerical methods for determination and forecasting of climate change impacts, agriculture production, pollution, soil health, etc. Overall, it provides hydrologists, environmental engineers, administrators, policy makers, consultants, and industrial experts with essential support in effective management of soils health, agricultural productions, and mitigation of extreme climatic events.
Author: Maristella Svampa
Publisher:
ISBN: 1108707122
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
This Element analyses the political dynamics of neo-extractivism in Latin America. It discusses the critical concepts of neo-extractivism and the commodity consensus and the various phases of socio-environmental conflict, proposing an eco-territorial approach that uncovers the escalation of extractive violence. It also presents horizontal concepts and debates theories that explore the language of Latin American socio-environmental movements, such as Buen Vivir and Derechos de la Naturaleza. In concluding, it proposes an explanation for the end of the progressive era, analyzing its ambiguities and limitations in the dawn of a new political cycle marked by the strengthening of the political rights.
Author: Mariana Walter
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788449044458
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
América Latina es actualmente una de las fronteras mineras más atractivas del mundo, que concentra un tercio de las inversiones mundiales del sector. Sin embargo, mientras la presión por extraer metales aumenta, la región está viviendo una ola de movilizaciones sociales opuesta a la expansión de las actividades mineras a gran escala. Mientras las comunidades denuncian que las actividades mineras ponen en riesgo sus formas de sustento, desprecian sus derechos y su futuro, los gobiernos nacionales y las compañías mineras promueven la actividad como una fuente de desarrollo y bienestar social. Las críticas son vistas como motivadas por intereses políticos o desinformación. Desde un marco de ecología política, nutrido por estudios sobre la política de las escalas, la tesis estudia los movimientos de justicia ambiental que se oponen a las actividades mineras metalíferas de gran escala en América Latina. A tal efecto, recurre a dos aproximaciones diferentes. En una primera aproximación, la tesis analiza cómo y por qué los movimientos de justicia ambiental se forman, sus discursos, sus demandas y sus estrategias y el modo como estos movimientos se involucran en luchas por las escalas disputando su jerarquía y reivindicando el poder de las comunidades locales para decidir sobre los proyectos mineros. Se utilizaron métodos de investigación acción para realizar un estudio de caso del conflicto minero aurífero de Esquel (2001-2003, Argentina), donde se detuvo el proyecto tras un referéndum local. Adicionalmente, fuentes primarias y secundarias fueron utilizadas en un estudio de casos múltiples para analizar la emergencia y el despliegue de casos de consultas/referendo comunitarias sobre minería a gran escala en América Latina. En esta investigación, realizada con Leire Urkidi, estudiamos 68 casos de consultas locales ocurridas entre los años 2002 y 2012 en Peru, Guatemala, Argentina, Colombia y Ecuador. Alrededor de 700.000 personas participaron en estas consultas, expresando un rechazo masivo a las actividades mineras en la región. Se concluyó que las comunidades reclamaban el reconocimiento de sus miradas locales sobre el desarrollo que no eran compatibles con los impactos, riesgos e incertidumbres de la minería a gran escala. Los conflictos se exacerbaban porque los procedimientos de toma de decisiones no permitían incorporar adecuadamente las perspectivas locales sobre los aspectos técnicos y no técnicos que estaban en juego. Analizando la propagación de las consultas, sostenemos que se trata de una institución híbrida, multi-escalar, que simultáneamente construye una nueva escala de regulación (toma de decisiones) consistente en la participación local a través del referendo/consulta. Las consultas surgen como una respuesta de democracia local frente a las injusticias ambientales en contextos de represión y criminalización a activistas que ganan legitimidad en la medida que ofrecen espacios de participación a las comunidades afectadas. Son instituciones híbridas porque son promovidas por alianzas entre movimientos sociales y gobiernos locales que recuperan y resignifican derechos y leyes indígenas y de participación municipales, nacionales e internacionales. Así, las consultas no sólo desafían las escalas de significado hegemónicas que gobiernan a las actividades mineras sino, además, reconstruyen y ponen en práctica una nueva escala de regulación. En una segunda aproximación, en colaboración con Sara Latorre y el apoyo de Giuseppe Munda y Carlos Larrea, se aplicaron técnicas de evaluación social multi-criterio y de construcción de escenarios para estructurar las implicancias multi-dimensionales de desarrollar actividades extractivas en áreas social y ambientalmente sensibles. En el capítulo dedicado al conflicto minero de Íntag (Ecuador), sostenemos que esta aproximación permite hacer visibles escalas, valores sociales e incertidumbres que son opacados por los discursos que hegemonizan el debate minero, enfocados casi exclusivamente en los resultados económicos a nivel nacional.
Author: Fabio De Castro
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137505729
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
This book is open access under a CC-BY license. The multiple purposes of nature – livelihood for communities, revenues for states, commodities for companies, and biodiversity for conservationists – have turned environmental governance in Latin America into a highly contested arena. In such a resource-rich region, unequal power relations, conflicting priorities, and trade-offs among multiple goals have led to a myriad of contrasting initiatives that are reshaping social relations and rural territories. This edited collection addresses these tensions by unpacking environmental governance as a complex process of formulating and contesting values, procedures and practices shaping the access, control and use of natural resources. Contributors from various fields address the challenges, limitations, and possibilities for a more sustainable, equal, and fair development. In this book, environmental governance is seen as an overarching concept defining the dynamic and multi-layered repertoire of society-nature interactions, where images of nature and discourses on the use of natural resources are mediated by contextual processes at multiple scales.
Author: Darcy Tetreault
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331973945X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
What are the political economic conditions that have given rise to increasing numbers of social environmental conflicts in Mexico? Why do these conflicts arise in some local and regional contexts and not in others? How are social environmental movements constructed and sustained? And what are the alternatives? These are the questions that this book seeks to address. It is organized into three parts. The first provides a panoramic view of social environmental conflicts in Mexico and of alternatives that are being constructed from below in rural areas. It also provides an analysis of the recent reforms to open the country’s energy sector to private and foreign investment. The second is comprised of local-level case studies of conflict (and no conflict) in diverse geographic locations and cultural settings, particularly in relation to the construction of wind farms, hydraulic infrastructure, industrial water pollution, and groundwater overdraft. The third explores alternatives from below in the form of community-based ecotourism and traditional mezcal production. A concluding chapter engages comparative and global analysis.
Author: Rutgerd Boelens
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351973649
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
Bringing together a multidisciplinary set of scholars and diverse case studies from across the globe, this book explores the management, governance, and understandings around water, a key element in the assemblage of hydrosocial territories. Hydrosocial territories are spatial configurations of people, institutions, water flows, hydraulic technology and the biophysical environment that revolve around the control of water. Territorial politics finds expression in encounters of diverse actors with divergent spatial and political–geographical interests; as a result, water (in)justice and (in)equity are embedded in these socio-ecological contexts. The territory-building projections and strategies compete, superimpose and align to strengthen specific water-control claims of various interests. As a result, actors continuously recompose the territory’s hydraulic grid, cultural reference frames, and political–economic relationships. Using a political ecology focus, the different contributions to this book explore territorial struggles, demonstrating that these contestations are not merely skirmishes over natural resources, but battles over meaning, norms, knowledge, identity, authority and discourses. The articles in this book were originally published in the journal Water International.
Author: Anthony Bebbington
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 0292748647
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Over the past two decades, the extraction of nonrenewable resources in Latin America has given rise to many forms of struggle, particularly among disadvantaged populations. The first analytical collection to combine geographical and political ecological approaches to the post-1990s changes in Latin America’s extractive economy, Subterranean Struggles closely examines the factors driving this expansion and the sociopolitical, environmental, and political economic consequences it has wrought. In this analysis, more than a dozen experts explore the many facets of struggles surrounding extraction, from protests in the vicinity of extractive operations to the everyday efforts of excluded residents who try to adapt their livelihoods while industries profoundly impact their lived spaces. The book explores the implications of extractive industry for ideas of nature, region, and nation; “resource nationalism” and environmental governance; conservation, territory, and indigenous livelihoods in the Amazon and Andes; everyday life and livelihood in areas affected by small- and large-scale mining alike; and overall patterns of social mobilization across the region. Arguing that such struggles are an integral part of the new extractive economy in Latin America, the authors document the increasingly conflictive character of these interactions, raising important challenges for theory, for policy, and for social research methodologies. Featuring works by social and natural science authors, this collection offers a broad synthesis of the dynamics of extractive industry whose relevance stretches to regions beyond Latin America.
Author: kollektiv orangotango
Publisher: transcript Verlag
ISBN: 3839445191
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
This Is Not an Atlas gathers more than 40 counter-cartographies from all over the world. This collection shows how maps are created and transformed as a part of political struggle, for critical research or in art and education: from indigenous territories in the Amazon to the anti-eviction movement in San Francisco; from defending commons in Mexico to mapping refugee camps with balloons in Lebanon; from slums in Nairobi to squats in Berlin; from supporting communities in the Philippines to reporting sexual harassment in Cairo. This Is Not an Atlas seeks to inspire, to document the underrepresented, and to be a useful companion when becoming a counter-cartographer yourself.
Author: Malayna Raftopoulos
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351135619
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
This book focuses on the issues of global environmental injustice and human rights violations and explores the scope and limits of the potential of human rights to influence environmental justice. It offers a multidisciplinary perspective on contemporary development discussions, analysing some of the crucial challenges, contradictions and promises within current environmental and human rights practices in Latin America. The contributors examine how the extraction and exploitation of natural resources and the further commodification of nature have affected local communities in the region and how these policies have impacted on the promotion and protection of human rights as communities struggle to defend their rights and territories. The book analyses the emergence of transnational activism in the context of collective action organised around socio-environmental conflicts, the infringement of basic human rights and the emergence of alternative and sometimes conflicting development models. Furthermore, it critically discusses why governments are often willing to override their commitments to sustainability and human rights to promote their development agenda. The chapters originally published as a special issue in The International Journal of Human Rights.
