Author: Wendy A. Towle
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423523710
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
To investigate planetary and topographic beta effects on classical as well as unique features in the northern Canary Current system (NCCS), several numerical experiments using the Princeton Ocean Model are explored To isolate the dependence of Coriolis parameterization (beta-plane vs, f-plane) from the topographic beta effect, the first (last) two experiments use a flat bottom (topography), In all experiments, classical eastern boundary condition (EBC) features are produced including an offshore surface equatorward meandering jet, coastal surface and subsurface poleward currents, upwelling, meanders, eddies and filaments, Due to the beta effect, the surface coastal jet does not have to be confined to within a Rossby radius of deformation of the coast, The beta effect also plays an important role in the development and westward propagation of Meddies, a unique feature of the NCCS, Bottom topography is shown to play an important role in narrowing, intensifying, and trapping coastal currents, These results show that, while wind forcing is the primary mechanism for generating classical EEC features, planetary and topographic beta also play important roles in the generation, evolution, and maintenance of classical as well as unique features in the NCCS,
Author: Patrick J. Murray
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423536468
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
To investigate the role of planetary beta on classical as well as unique features in the northern Canary Current System (NCCS), four numerical experiments are conducted with varying Coriolis parameterizations (f-plane or beta plane). The first two experiments use a closed boundary and annual salinity forcing for the Mediterranean Outflow (MO). The latter two experiments use an open Mediterranean Sea at the Strait of Gibraltar and seasonal forcing for MO to permit a more accurate investigation of the role of the beta effect on subsurface spreading of MO and Meddies. All four experiments use seasonal climatological winds and seasonal thermohaline gradients along the western boundary to force the model. Experiments run on a beta-plane (Experiments 2 and 4) accurately portray classical eastern boundary current (EBC) mesoscale features. In addition, these experiments depict unique NCCS features associated with a large embayment (the Gulf of Cadiz), poleward spreading of MO, and the generation of Meddies. Experiments run on an f-plane (Experiments 1 and 3) show the unrealistic dominance of a continuously strengthening equatorward jet that inhibits development of classical EBC and unique NCCS features. The complex upper layer and subsurface flow regimes of Experiment 4 most realistically portray currents, mesoscale features and Meddies similar to NCCS observations.
Author: Patrick J. Murray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
To investigate the role of planetary beta on classical as well as unique features in the northern Canary Current System (NCCS), four numerical experiments are conducted with varying Coriolis parameterizations (f-plane or beta plane). The first two experiments use a closed boundary and annual salinity forcing for the Mediterranean Outflow (MO). The latter two experiments use an open Mediterranean Sea at the Strait of Gibraltar and seasonal forcing for MO to permit a more accurate investigation of the role of the beta effect on subsurface spreading of MO and Meddies. All four experiments use seasonal climatological winds and seasonal thermohaline gradients along the western boundary to force the model. Experiments run on a beta-plane (Experiments 2 and 4) accurately portray classical eastern boundary current (EBC) mesoscale features. In addition, these experiments depict unique NCCS features associated with a large embayment (the Gulf of Cadiz), poleward spreading of MO, and the generation of Meddies. Experiments run on an f-plane (Experiments 1 and 3) show the unrealistic dominance of a continuously strengthening equatorward jet that inhibits development of classical EBC and unique NCCS features. The complex upper layer and subsurface flow regimes of Experiment 4 most realistically portray currents, mesoscale features and Meddies similar to NCCS observations.
Author: Troy J. Tworek
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423534174
Category : Eddies
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
To investigate the effect of the role played by planetary beta in the generation and maintenance of the Leeuwin Current System (LCS), several numerical experiments are conducted with varying Coriolis parameterizations (f- plane or beta-plane). The seasonal effects of thermal gradients, wind forcing and North West Shelf (NWS) waters are also systematically explored in the numerical experiments. Additionally, the generation mechanisms for undercurrents along both the western and southern coasts of Australia are investigated. Although surface currents, undercurrents, and mesoscale activity are present in both the f-plane and beta-plane experiments, those run on a beta-plane show a more realistic depiction of these features due to the significant role played by the planetary beta effect in the LCS. The combination of thermal forcing, wind forcing, and NWS waters were found to be essential to maintain the highly seasonally varying LCS. Alongshore temperature gradients, which are generated at deeper levels by the strong flow of the Leeuwin Current, are sufficient to establish and maintain an equatorward (westward) undercurrent along western (southern) Australia.
Author: Johnny R. Martinez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423545507
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
To investigate the Northern Canary Current System (NCCS), results from four numerical experiments of increasing complexity are examined. Experiment I, which uses seasonal wind forcing only, shows that, as expected, wind forcing is the key generative mechanism for the current, upwelling, meander, eddy, and filament structures. Experiments 2 and 3 have the addition of an irregular coastline. These two experiments show that capes are areas for enhanced upwelling, extensive filaments, maximum current velocities, and enhanced growth of cyclonic meanders and eddies. Also, an embayment like the Gulf of Cadiz is a primary region for anticyclonic meander and eddy development. A fourth experiment has the additional effects of thermohaline gradients and Mediterranean Outflow. This complex regime has features similar to NCCS observations, including the generation of Meddies.
Author: Antonio S. Martinho
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423529033
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
To investigate the role of wind forcing, bottom topography and thermohaline gradients on classical as well as unique features in the northern Canary Current system (NCCS), four experiments are conducted with a sigma coordinate primitive equation model. The first experiment, which investigates the pressure gradient force error, shows that velocity errors inherent in three dimensional sigma coordinate models can be successfully reduced from ^1 m/s to less than 0.5 cm/s in the NCCS. The second experiment, which investigates the effect of annual wind forcing on a flat bottom, accurately portrays classical eastern boundary current features as well as unique NCCS features associated with a large embayment (i.e., the Gulf of Cadiz), poleward spreading of Mediterranean Outflow, and the generation of Meddies. The additional effect of bottom topography in Experiment 3 shows that topography plays important roles in intensifying and trapping the equatorward current near the coast, in weakening the subsurface poleward current and in intensifying eddies off the capes of Iberia. The use of full instead of horizontally averaged thermohaline gradients in Experiment 4 highlights the development of the Iberian Current off the Portugal west coast, a feature not seen in the previous experiments. This shows that thermohaline gradients play an important role for the formation of the Iberian Current.
Author: M. Sengupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Solar collectors
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: R. Boje
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642669859
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Upwelling areas are among the most fertile regions of the ocean. In principle, upwelling is caused by the divergence of the flow in the surface layer of the ocean which arises as a consequence of a particular wind field, the presence of a coastline, or other special conditions. Since deeper oceanic layers are usually enriched wi th nutrients, it is the permanent supply of nutrients which forms the basis for the high producti vi ty of upwelling reg ions. The study of upwelling and its consequences were, for a long time, the task of individual scientists from all disciplines of marine science. Today, it is perhaps the branch of oceanography where interdisciplinary coopera tion has developed best. Becoming aware of the large potential yield of upwelling regions, governments in creased the funds for upwelling research. With research activities developed on a larger scale, interdisciplin ary cooperation became a necessity. On the international level, several symposia documented the rapid development. Three volumes reflect the results of these scientific meetings (Rapp. Proc.-Verb. 159, 1970; Inv. Pesq. 35, 1, 1971; Tethys ยง.' 1-2, 1974). The present book contains selected papers from the Third Symposium on Upwelling Ecosystems, which was held in Kiel in September 1975. Although the third of a series of meetings, it was the first where the word "ecosystem" stood in the title for a scientific program.
Author: Sunny Tsiao
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781296042837
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Jeffrey A. McNeely
Publisher: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
