Physiological Mechanisms Of Marine Pollutant Toxicity PDF Download
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Author: Winona Vernberg
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032314540X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 579
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Book Description
Physiological Mechanisms of Marine Pollutant Toxicity contains the proceedings of a symposium on ""Pollution and Marine Organisms"" held at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina, on November 30 to December 3, 1981. It explores the effects of pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides, on the physiology of marine organisms, along with the functional aspects of detoxification and the environmental health implications of pollution. Organized into three sections encompassing 24 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion of subcellular accumulation and detoxification of metals in aquatic animals such as fishes, crabs, and polychaetes. The reader is then introduced to the physiological mechanisms of pollutant toxicity, including the sublethal effects of pollutants on the gill morphology of the scallop, Placopecten magellanicus; mechanisms underlying the tolerance of killifish embryos to heavy metals; increased sensitivity of smolts in seawater to petroleum hydrocarbons, such as toluene and naphthalene; and physiological effects of sublethal concentrations of benzene and dimethylnaphthalene on blue crab juveniles. The book concludes by outlining research directions for linking cause and effect concerning pollution and marine organisms. This book will be a valuable resource for marine scientists, ecologists, and students.
Author: Winona Vernberg
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032314540X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 579
Get Book Here
Book Description
Physiological Mechanisms of Marine Pollutant Toxicity contains the proceedings of a symposium on ""Pollution and Marine Organisms"" held at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina, on November 30 to December 3, 1981. It explores the effects of pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides, on the physiology of marine organisms, along with the functional aspects of detoxification and the environmental health implications of pollution. Organized into three sections encompassing 24 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion of subcellular accumulation and detoxification of metals in aquatic animals such as fishes, crabs, and polychaetes. The reader is then introduced to the physiological mechanisms of pollutant toxicity, including the sublethal effects of pollutants on the gill morphology of the scallop, Placopecten magellanicus; mechanisms underlying the tolerance of killifish embryos to heavy metals; increased sensitivity of smolts in seawater to petroleum hydrocarbons, such as toluene and naphthalene; and physiological effects of sublethal concentrations of benzene and dimethylnaphthalene on blue crab juveniles. The book concludes by outlining research directions for linking cause and effect concerning pollution and marine organisms. This book will be a valuable resource for marine scientists, ecologists, and students.
Author: WB Vernberg (Ed)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: John F Vernberg
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323139728
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants contains the proceedings of a symposium entitled ""Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms"" held in Connecticut in November 1975. It explores the influence of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), petroleum products, and heavy metals on the physiology of marine species, such as fish, crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and mussels. More specifically, it looks at the functional mechanisms underlying the response of marine organisms to pollutants that act either alone or in combination with other pollutants and/or ""normal"" environmental factors. Comprised of five parts encompassing 27 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of pesticides and PCBs and their effects on marine organisms, including those of malathion on the development of crabs and of PCBs on feral fish. It proceeds with a discussion of heavy metals, such as methylmercury, selenium, cadmium and cadmium chloride, and chromium; and an explanation of how petroleum hydrocarbons affect estuarine fish embryos, pink salmon fry, marine fish, Mytilus californianus, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, and plankton. The reader is also introduced to the synergistic effects of exposure to temperature and chlorine on young-of-the-year estuarine fishes, the effects of DDT and mirex singly and in concert on Adinia xenica, the role of temperature in the physiology of bivalves, physiological responses of crustacean larvae to temperature, use of the heterotrophic potential assay as an indicator of environmental quality, and how the mud crab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) is affected by juvenile hormone mimics. Marine scientists, ecologists, and students will find this book extremely useful.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309084385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Author: Alan G. Heath
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351404997
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
This book provides a concise synthesis of how toxic chemical pollutants affect physiological processes in teleost fish. This Second Edition of the well-received Water Pollution and Fish Physiology has been completely updated, and chapters have been added on immunology and acid toxicity. The emphasis, as in the first edition, is on understanding mechanisms of sublethal effects on fish and their responses to these environmental stressors. The first chapter covers the basic principles involved in understanding how fish respond, in general, to environmental alterations. Each subsequent chapter is devoted to a particular organ system or physiological function and begins with a short overview of normal physiology of that system/function. This is followed by a review of how various toxic chemicals may alter normal conditions in fish. Chapters covering environmental hypoxia, behavior, cellular enzymes, and acid toxicity are also included. The book closes with a discussion on the practical application of physiological and biochemical measurements of fish in water pollution control in research and regulatory settings.
Author: Winona Vernberg
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323149278
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Marine Pollution: Functional Responses presents the proceedings of the symposium, ""Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms,"" held on November 14-17, 1977, at Hobcaw Barony in Georgetown, South Carolina. It explores the effects of pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), on marine organisms ranging from pink salmon fry to sculpins, estuarine fishes and crabs, bivalve mollusks, lugworms, and oysters. Comprised of four parts encompassing 22 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the fate and effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine biota. It proceeds with a discussion of the hydrocarbon metabolic system in polychaetes and their role in the degradation of hydrocarbons in sediments; the effects of aromatic hydrocarbon toxicants on breathing rates of pink salmon fry; and biological and toxicological effects of heavy metals and other cations on marine species. The book also describes the impact of PCBs and pesticides on the estuarine environment; and how more specialized and less persistent chemicals affect the development and reproduction of nontarget organisms such as Crustacea. This book will be a valuable resource for marine scientists, ecologists, and students.
Author: Judith S Weis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400769490
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Synthesizing decades of work, but up-to-date, this book focuses on organism-level responses to pollutants by marine animals, mainly crustaceans, molluscs, and fishes. Emphasizing effects on physiological processes (feeding/digestion, respiration, osmoregulation), life-cycle (reproduction [including endocrine disruption], embryo development, larval development, developmental processes later in life (growth, regeneration, molting, calcification, cancer), and behaviour, the book also covers bioaccumulation and detoxification of contaminants, and the development of tolerance. The major pollutants covered are metals, organic compounds (oil, pesticides, industrial chemicals), nutrients and hypoxia, contaminants of emerging concern, and ocean acidification. Some attention is also devoted to marine debris and noise pollution.
Author: Joseph G. Vos
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203165578
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 656
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Book Description
The activities of modern society have unleashed a range of toxic chemicals into the global environment. Many of these toxicants are now being detected in increasing quantities in the tissues of marine mammals, most notably in top predators who acquire relatively large amounts of toxic chemicals by ingesting contaminated prey. Toxicology of M
Author: Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288966418X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
This Research Topic is part of the Aquatic Physiology, Environmental Pollution, Nanotoxicology and Phytoremediation series: Aquatic Physiology, Environmental Pollution, Nanotoxicology and Phytoremediation, Volume II Environmental pollution as a result of increasing industrialization is a major problem worldwide. The toxicity of the chemicals, hazards, radiation, and environmental stressor to the aquatic fauna was studied. Although, recently, the excess levels of wastes discharged in water caused severe toxicity in aquatic environments and their fauna, still there is some shortage in the nanotoxicology and phytoremediation studies. So, the aim of this Research Topic is to create some knowledge about the environmental pollution and remediation in aquatic environment in collaboration with experts in physiology, biochemistry, endocrinology, morpho-histology of aquatic fauna. The relation between physiology and other research fields is strong enough as all researchers in biology field use some extent physiological parameters to evaluate the organisms’ health status in normal and stressful conditions. In addition, physiology with endocrinology and neurology can provide a contribution on the endocrine stress response of aquatic vertebrates and regulate the responses of vertebrates to stressors. Whilst the physiology of most aquatic animals has been well studied, not many articles provide sufficient data that helps understanding the common bases of the stress response after exposure to environmental pollutants and mechanisms of action. Such approach needs to be taken both in terms of comparative responses among vertebrates but also among classes or orders within groups of vertebrates. Another aspect that has not been sufficiently approached so far is physiological stress response in relation to immunity, growth, reproduction or behavior and embryology of the aquatic organisms, which expands the knowledge on the interactions between physiological systems to build an overall stress response.
Author: Bernardo Duarte
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351973223
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive review of the most recent studies on the impact of contaminants on the marine environment. Conventional and new information, as well as the latest techniques, are presented, which can be applied to several types of marine organisms from bacteria and fungi to animals and algae. Specific topics discussed include the impact of different contaminants on different organisms as well as different approaches and their outcomes in terms of impact assessment. The integration of these techniques is also discussed in order to attain sentinel species and biomarkers to be applied for assessing ecological quality and impact assessment programs and studies.
