Physics of Megathrust Earthquakes PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Physics of Megathrust Earthquakes PDF full book. Access full book title Physics of Megathrust Earthquakes by Sylvain Barbot. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Sylvain Barbot
Publisher: Birkhäuser
ISBN: 9783030435714
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
This topical volume on the physics of megathrust earthquakes investigates many aspects of the earthquake phenomenon, from the geodynamic setting of subduction zones, to interseismic and postseismic deformation, slow-slip events, dynamic rupture, and tsunami generation. The dynamics of the seismic cycle at megathrusts is rich in various types of earthquakes, many of which only recently discovered. Our early understanding of the earthquake phenomenon was a type of stick-slip motion, where the fault is loaded by tectonic forces for an extended period, followed by rapid failure. Extensive seismic and geodetic monitoring of subduction zones has revealed a much more varied seismic behavior, where episodic fault slip can occur at any slip velocity between the background loading rate, of the order of a few atoms per second, and the fast seismic range, about a meter per second. Events that fill the gap between slow creep and fast ruptures include a host of slow earthquakes. Subduction zones therefore provide a natural laboratory to better understand the physics of earthquakes and faulting. Previously published in Pure and Applied Geophysics, Volume 176, Issue 9, 2019 The chapters “Interseismic Coupling and Slow Slip Events on the Cascadia Megathrust”, “Effect of Slip-Weakening Distance on Seismic–Aseismic Slip Patterns”, “Physics-Based Scenario of Earthquake Cycles on the Ventura Thrust System, California: The Effect of Variable Friction and Fault Geometry”, and “A Secondary Zone of Uplift Due to Megathrust Earthquakes” are available as open access articles under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Author: Sylvain Barbot
Publisher: Birkhäuser
ISBN: 9783030435714
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
This topical volume on the physics of megathrust earthquakes investigates many aspects of the earthquake phenomenon, from the geodynamic setting of subduction zones, to interseismic and postseismic deformation, slow-slip events, dynamic rupture, and tsunami generation. The dynamics of the seismic cycle at megathrusts is rich in various types of earthquakes, many of which only recently discovered. Our early understanding of the earthquake phenomenon was a type of stick-slip motion, where the fault is loaded by tectonic forces for an extended period, followed by rapid failure. Extensive seismic and geodetic monitoring of subduction zones has revealed a much more varied seismic behavior, where episodic fault slip can occur at any slip velocity between the background loading rate, of the order of a few atoms per second, and the fast seismic range, about a meter per second. Events that fill the gap between slow creep and fast ruptures include a host of slow earthquakes. Subduction zones therefore provide a natural laboratory to better understand the physics of earthquakes and faulting. Previously published in Pure and Applied Geophysics, Volume 176, Issue 9, 2019 The chapters “Interseismic Coupling and Slow Slip Events on the Cascadia Megathrust”, “Effect of Slip-Weakening Distance on Seismic–Aseismic Slip Patterns”, “Physics-Based Scenario of Earthquake Cycles on the Ventura Thrust System, California: The Effect of Variable Friction and Fault Geometry”, and “A Secondary Zone of Uplift Due to Megathrust Earthquakes” are available as open access articles under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Author: Cargill Gilston Knott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquakes
Languages : en
Pages : 318
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Phil Cummins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquakes
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: A. Bizzarri
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1614999791
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
Get Book Here
Book Description
The mechanics of earthquake faulting is a multi-disciplinary scientific approach combining laboratory inferences and mathematical models with the analysis of recorded data from earthquakes, and is essential to the understanding of these potentially destructive events. The modern field of study can be said to have begun with the seminal papers by B. V. Kostrov in 1964 and 1966. This book presents lectures delivered at the summer school ‘The Mechanics of Earthquake Faulting’, held under the umbrella of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics in Varenna, Italy, from 2 to 7 July 2018. The school was attended by speakers and participants from many countries. One of the most important goals of the school was to present the state-of-the-art of the physics of earthquakes, and the 10 lectures included here cover the most challenging aspects of the mechanics of faulting. The topics covered during the school give a very clear picture of the current state of the art of the physics of earthquake ruptures and also highlight the open issues and questions that are still under debate, and the book will be of interest to all those working in the field.
Author: Phil R. Cummins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 235
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Jure Žalohar
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128145811
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 572
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Omega-Theory: A New Physics of Earthquakes, Second Edition offers a unifying, mathematical framework to describe and answer the most pressing and unexamined dilemmas of earthquake sequences. Those in the fields of seismology and geology are currently faced with a vast and complex mathematical structure, involving many new, natural laws and theorems. This book interprets this structure as a new physical theory and paradigm, helping users understand the tectonic and seismic processes within the Earth. As such, it is an essential resource for future researchers in the fields of structural geology, physics of the Earth, and seismology. In the last decades, generations of seismologists, geophysicists, and geologists have accumulated enough knowledge and information to allow for the reformulation and solution of this essential problem. Hence, this book provides a great resource for researchers and professionals. Brings together twenty years of research in the field of geophysics and attacks the problem within the framework of the Cosserat continuum theory Heavily tested on tens of natural examples and numerical tests Includes 350 color figures and graphs Spans across many fields of theoretical physics and geology, such as plate tectonics, synchronization of chaotic systems, solitons and fractals, mathematical set theory, and quantum mechanics
Author: Frederick Thomas
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1643270788
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is a concise introduction to the interactions between earthquakes and human-built structures (buildings, dams, bridges, power plants, pipelines and more). It focuses on the ways in which these interactions illustrate the application of basic physics principles and concepts, including inertia, force, shear, energy, acceleration, elasticity, friction and stability. It illustrates how conceptual and quantitative physics emerges in the day-to-day work of engineers, drawing from examples from regions and events which have experienced very violent earthquakes with massive loss of life and property. The authors of this book, a physics educator, a math educator, and a geotechnical engineer have set off on what might be considered a mining expedition; searching for ways in which introductory physics topics and methods can be better connected with careers of interest to non-physics majors. They selected "destructive earthquakes" as a place to begin because they are interesting and because future engineers represent a significant portion of the non-physics majors in introductory physics courses. Avoiding the extremes of treating applied physics either as a purely hands-on, conceptual experience or as a lengthy capstone project for learners who have become masters; the application in this book can be scattered throughout a broader physics course or individual learning experience.
Author: Gabriele Morra
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118888855
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Get Book Here
Book Description
Subduction dynamics has been actively studied through seismology, mineral physics, and laboratory and numerical experiments. Understanding the dynamics of the subducting slab is critical to a better understanding of the primary societally relevant natural hazards emerging from our planetary interior, the megathrust earthquakes and consequent tsunamis. Subduction Dynamics is the result of a meeting that was held between August 19 and 22, 2012 on Jeju island, South Korea, where about fifty researchers from East Asia, North America and Europe met. Chapters treat diverse topics ranging from the response of the ionosphere to earthquake and tsunamis, to the origin of mid-continental volcanism thousands kilometers distant from the subduction zone, from the mysterious deep earthquakes triggered in the interior of the descending slabs, to the detailed pattern of accretionary wedges in convergent zones, from the induced mantle flow in the deep mantle, to the nature of the paradigms of earthquake occurrence, showing that all of them ultimately are due to the subduction process. Volume highlights include: Multidisciplinary research involving geology, mineral physics, geophysics and geodynamics Extremely large-scale numerical models with sliate-of-the art high performance computing facilities Overview of exceptional three-dimensional dynamic representation of the evolution of the Earth interiors and of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami dynamics Global risk assessment strategies in predicting natural disasters This volume is a valuable contribution in earth and environmental sciences that will assist with understanding the mechanisms behind plate tectonics and predicting and mitigating future natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis.
Author: Christopher H. Scholz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110716348X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 517
Get Book Here
Book Description
A major update of this classic reference text on earthquakes and faulting with a wealth of new topics and observations.
Author: Duo Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
"The Cascadia subduction zone is short of modern seismological records of megathrust earthquakes, which makes it difficult to investigate the potential of fault ruptures directly. At the very beginning of the 21st century, a type of quasi-static fault deformation was observed around the downdip end of seismogenic zones. These aseismic transient events are called slow slip events (SSEs). SSEs accommodate a fraction of the plate convergence and may affect the stress loading at the megathrust depths. The discovery of SSEs sheds light on our knowledge of megathrust faults. This thesis aims to investigate physical constraints for subducting faults at depths of both megathrust earthquakes and slow slip events. Chapter 1 gives an introduction of the Cascadia megathrust fault and the current understanding of the physics of SSEs.In Chapter 2, I study the physics of the deep SSEs by investigating the effects of the megathrust fault geometry and overlying continental plate. I incorporate a realistic fault geometry of the northern Cascadia in the framework of rate- and state-dependent friction law, to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of SSEs on a non-planar subduction fault. The modeled SSEs capture the major characteristics revealed by GPS observations. The along-strike distribution of SSE is inversely related to the fault local dip and strike angle of the SSE zone, suggesting a strong geometrical influence. Besides the GPS-detectable fast-spreading phase, I find that each SSE cycle consists of a deep pre-SSE preparation (nucleation) and a post-SSE relaxation (healing) phase, which may be the driving mechanism for the inter-ETS (Episodic Tremor and Slip) tremor activity that is discovered in Cascadia. In Chapter 3, I develop a 3-D episodic SSE model for the northern and the central Cascadia, incorporating both seismic and geodetic observations to constrain heterogeneous megathrust fault properties. The segmentation of SSE recurrence intervals from models that are constrained by Free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies is equally comparable to GPS observations. However, the model constrained by Free-air anomaly does a better job in reproducing the cumulative slip as well as more consistent surface displacements with GPS observations. The modeled along-strike segmentation only represents the averaged slip release over many SSE cycles, rather than acting as permanent barriers. In Chapter 4, I study the fault shear strength at the seismogenic depths by inverting fault strength from tectonic stress tensors in the continental crust and oceanic mantle in Mendocino Triple Junction, the southern end of the Cascadia subduction zone. I obtain the fault strength for the megathrust fault in Mendocino. I use Cascadia Initiative (CI) expedition ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data to resolve the focal mechanisms for small-to-intermediate earthquakes from 2014 to 2015. The stress orientations are obtained by combining the CI OBS resolved earthquake focal mechanisms with those reported by the Northern California Earthquake Data Center between 1980 and 2016. The fault shear strength scales with a subjective mantle strength assumed in the inversion. When the mantle strength is in the range of 50-400 MPa, the megathrust fault shear strength can be no higher than 50 MPa. The resolved friction coefficients are in the range of 0 to 0.2. In Chapter 5, I use a planar fault model with rate and state friction parameters constrained by geodetic fault locking coefficients to study megathrust earthquake cycles. The modeled coseismic fault slip can reproduce the historical coastal subsidence observations. The along-strike variation of coseismic rupture is affected by both the width of seismogenic zones and heterogeneous frictional properties (e.g., nucleation size) in Cascadia.Chapter 6 contains conclusions and future scopes." --
