Physics of Burn Control in Tokamak Reactors PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Physics of Burn Control in Tokamak Reactors PDF full book. Access full book title Physics of Burn Control in Tokamak Reactors by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
A one-dimensional multifluid transport code was used to investigate some of the critical physics considerations for long burn times in a tokamak fusion reactor. Among these are the effects of helium ash build-up, toroidal field ripple, and fueling in the presence of a divertor. Particle and energy transport models are based on extrapolations from present day devices.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
A one-dimensional multifluid transport code was used to investigate some of the critical physics considerations for long burn times in a tokamak fusion reactor. Among these are the effects of helium ash build-up, toroidal field ripple, and fueling in the presence of a divertor. Particle and energy transport models are based on extrapolations from present day devices.
Author: Mark D. Boyer II
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303658976
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Get Book Here
Book Description
One of the most promising devices for realizing power production through nuclear fusion is the tokamak. In order to maximize performance, it is preferable that tokamaks achieve operating scenarios characterized by good plasma confinement, improved magnetohydrodynamic stability, and a largely non-inductively driven plasma current. Such scenarios could enable steady-state reactor operation with high fusion gain, the ratio of fusion power produced to the external heating power needed to sustain reactions. There are many experimental tokamaks around the world, each exploring different facets of plasma physics and fusion technology. These experiments have reached the point where the power released from fusion is nearly equal to the power input required to heat the plasma. The next experimental step is ITER, which aims to reach a fusion gain exceeding ten for short pulses, and to sustain a gain of five for longer pulses (around 1000 s). In order for ITER to be a success, several challenging control engineering problems must be addressed. Among these challenges is to precisely regulate the plasma density and temperature, or burn condition. Due to the nonlinear and coupled dynamics of the system, modulation of the burn condition (either during ramp-up/shut-down or in response to changing power demands) without a well designed control scheme could result in undesirable transient performance. Feedback control will also be necessary for responding to unexpected changes in plasma confinement, impurity content, or other parameters, which could significantly alter the burn condition during operation. Furthermore, although stable operating points exist for most confinement scalings, certain conditions can lead to thermal instabilities. Such instabilities can either lead to quenching or a thermal excursion in which the system moves to a higher temperature equilibrium point. In any of these situations, disruptive plasma instabilities could be triggered, stopping operation and potentially causing damage to the confinement vessel. In this work, the problem of burn condition control is addressed through the design of a nonlinear control law guaranteeing stability of desired equilibria. Multiple actuation methods, including auxiliary heating, isotopic fueling, and impurity injection, are used to ensure the burn condition is regulated even when actuators saturate. An adaptive control scheme is used to handle model uncertainty, and an online optimization scheme is proposed to ensure that the plasma is driven to an operating point that minimizes an arbitrary cost function. Due to the possible limited availability of diagnostic systems in ITER and future reactors, an output feedback control scheme is also proposed that combines the nonlinear controller with an observer that estimates the states of the burning plasma system based on available measurements. Finally, the control scheme is tested using the integrated modeling code METIS. The control of spatial profiles of parameters, including current, density, and temperature, is also an important challenge in fusion research, due to their effect on MHD stability, non-inductive current drive, and fusion power. In this work, the problem of kinetic profile control in burning plasmas is addressed through a nonlinear boundary feedback control law designed using a technique called backstepping. A novel implementation of the backstepping technique is used that enables the use of both boundary and interior actuation. The backstepping technique is then applied to the problem of current profile control in both low-confinement and high-confinement mode discharges in the DIII-D tokamak based on a first-principles-driven model of the current profile evolution. Both designs are demonstrated in simulations and experimental tests.
Author: T. Elemant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Mitsuru Kikuchi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319189050
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 412
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book reviews recent progress in our understanding of tokamak physics related to steady state operation, and addresses the scientific feasibility of a steady state tokamak fusion power system. It covers the physical principles behind continuous tokamak operation and details the challenges remaining and new lines of research towards the realization of such a system. Following a short introduction to tokamak physics and the fundamentals of steady state operation, later chapters cover parallel and perpendicular transport in tokamaks, MHD instabilities in advanced tokamak regimes, control issues, and SOL and divertor plasmas. A final chapter reviews key enabling technologies for steady state reactors, including negative ion source and NBI systems, Gyrotron and ECRF systems, superconductor and magnet systems, and structural materials for reactors. The tokamak has demonstrated an excellent plasma confinement capability with its symmetry, but has an intrinsic drawback with its pulsed operation with inductive operation. Efforts have been made over the last 20 years to realize steady state operation, most promisingly utilizing bootstrap current. Frontiers in Fusion Research II: Introduction to Modern Tokamak Physics will be of interest to graduate students and researchers involved in all aspects of tokamak science and technology.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Controlled fusion
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Heinz Knoepfel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1475718896
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 425
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book contains the papers presented at the Course on "Tokamak Startup - Problems and Scenarios Related to the Transient Phases of a Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor" which was held in Erice, July 14-20, 1985. The fact that the critical startup and transient phases of a tokamak reactor are now the specific subject of a comprehensive international gathering of fusion specialists seems indicative of the substantial pro gress made in recent years towards attaining controlled ignition of a nuclear fusion fuel, i.e. towards demonstrating the scientific feasibili ty of controlled thermonuclear fusion. In fact, the steady-state burning phase has attracted so far most of the attention of fusion physicists and engineers, as it is conceptually more rewarding, and theoretically easier to handle. However, as for many large engineering systems, - nuclear fis- ... ':1' " . 10 ' ... Entrance to San Rocco's lecturing hall v sion power plants, or aerospace crafts, for example - the major issues of design and operation lie often in the startup, shutdown and power tran sieQt phases, rather than at the full load, or at cruising regimes. In ehoosing the contributions to this 7th Course of Prof. B.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Controlled fusion
Languages : en
Pages : 742
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Michael Raymond Gordinier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plasma confinement
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 806
Get Book Here
Book Description
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Controlled fusion
Languages : en
Pages : 740
Get Book Here
Book Description
