Photocatalytic Degradation and Anaerobic Digestion of Aromatic Hydrocarbons PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Evaluates the applicability of an integrated anaerobic and photocatalytic treatment of abattoir wastewater containing recalcitrant aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). An integrated anaerobic and photocatalytic system for an effective degradation of selected AHs and simultaneous biogas (methane) production will be prioritized. The focus will be on the determination of the optimal operating conditions of the two processes and their combination in order to reduce operating costs, degradation time for selected AHs and organic matter. The specific objectives of the study will be as follows. To design and apply a FBB (Fluidized Bed Bioreactor) and photocatalytic reactor (PCR) to treat abattoir wastewater. To analyze the hydrodynamics of the designed FBB system for biological wastewater treatment. To determine the effect of 25W UV-C irradiation and polymer supported TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) or ZnO (Zinc oxide) on the removal of AHs. To determine the kinetics of AHs removal during photocatalytic degradation process. To identify the intermediate compounds of photocatalysis and predict reaction pathway. To evaluate the biodegradability of the AHs and to determine the optimal operating conditions for the integrated photocatalytic-anaerobic degradation processes and biogas production.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Evaluates the applicability of an integrated anaerobic and photocatalytic treatment of abattoir wastewater containing recalcitrant aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). An integrated anaerobic and photocatalytic system for an effective degradation of selected AHs and simultaneous biogas (methane) production will be prioritized. The focus will be on the determination of the optimal operating conditions of the two processes and their combination in order to reduce operating costs, degradation time for selected AHs and organic matter. The specific objectives of the study will be as follows. To design and apply a FBB (Fluidized Bed Bioreactor) and photocatalytic reactor (PCR) to treat abattoir wastewater. To analyze the hydrodynamics of the designed FBB system for biological wastewater treatment. To determine the effect of 25W UV-C irradiation and polymer supported TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) or ZnO (Zinc oxide) on the removal of AHs. To determine the kinetics of AHs removal during photocatalytic degradation process. To identify the intermediate compounds of photocatalysis and predict reaction pathway. To evaluate the biodegradability of the AHs and to determine the optimal operating conditions for the integrated photocatalytic-anaerobic degradation processes and biogas production.
Author: Stanford University. Department of Civil Engineering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Bo Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The growing amount and environmental impact of offshore oily wastewater especially offshore produced water (OPW) have drawn significant attention in recent years. The petroleum hydrocarbons in wastewater can have severe negative effects in a long term on coastal and marine ecosystems if without sufficient treatment before discharge. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a representative of dissolved chemical compounds or environmental pollutants in oily wastewater have been a major issue of marine environments due to their carcinogenic or mutagenic, toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative properties. To reduce the negative impact of produced water to the marine ecosystem, it is required to remove all toxicants especially PAHs before discharge. Various challenges have been identified in implementing conventional technologies (e.g., physical separation, chemical oxidation and biological remediation) for treating the dissolved organic pollutants (e.g., PAHs). Therefore, the research and development of more effective technologies to address these concerns are much desired. Photocatalysis generates powerful oxidative radicals which can rapidly mineralize organics especially aromatic compounds, offering a great potential use in removing PAHs from oily wastewater. However, the photocatalytic degradation of organics can be dramatically inhibited by the complex matrix of OPW. Limited in-depth studies were reported on the behaviors and interactions of different components in produced water during photocatalysis. The mechanisms of the interferences are of utmost importance to the development of highly efficiency treatment technologies. The generation of intermediates caused by the complex matrix and inhibited treatment process could further lead to the increase in the toxicity of treated effluent to the marine ecosystem, and consequently reduce its potential in natural attenuation. In addressing these challenges and fulfill the knowledge gaps, this research is focused on the evaluation of the key factors and the mechanisms of OPW matrix in photocatalysis, and the development of enhanced photocatalytic oxidation processes to aid the OPW treatment, thus can achieve both high efficiency in removal of PAHs, and low toxicity and high biodegradability of the effluent. The matrix effect was first investigated in a suspensive photocatalytic oxidation system, in which the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were used. It is indicated that the degradation of PAHs was inhibited by the impurities in OPW matrix in many ways: the alkaline-earth cations caused the flocculation of the particle; the insoluble particulate matters competed with PAHs in the adsorption on TiO2; the competition and the fouling effect of other dissolved organic matters were deteriorating the process. To enhance the treatment process, immobilized TiO2 was used instead and it was compared with the TiO2 nano-particles. Improvements were found in both naphthalene adsorption and degradation in the immobilized photocatalytic oxidation system, indicating immobilized TiO2 was more efficient and durable than TiO2 nanoparticles in oily wastewater treatment. The competition of hydrocarbons especially phenols played a key role in the degradation of PAHs. The fouling on the catalyst surface was verified by the scaling of alkaline-earth metals and the deposition of organic matters. Further improvement was aimed at developing a novel UV-light-emitted diode (UV-LED)/TiO2 nanotube array (TNA)/ozonation process for treating OPW. The involvement of ozone was to reduce the competition of other organics and enhance the degradation efficiency. The TNA with hollow 1-D tubular nano-structures was applied because of the combined advantage of nano-particle and immobilization, as well as high quantum yield. UV-LED has the advantage of high energy efficiency and long-life time. In the integrated system, the removal of PAHs can be achieved within 30-min treatment with the half-lives reduced to less than 10 mins. Factorial analysis demonstrates that the best dose of TNA is 0.2 g/L. Light intensity affects the generation of iodine radicals, which is a strong scavenger of ozone thus reduces the efficiency of PAHs removal. Ozone dose is a dominated factor that promotes the degradation. Further results indicate that the degradation of phenols and PAHs with higher solubility favors to undergo to ozone-inducted oxidation, while PAHs with lower solubility are more likely oxidized on the catalyst surface. The toxicity and biodegradability of OPW treated by photocatalytic oxidation were investigated during and after the treatment. Studies on the intermediates formed during the photocatalytic ozonation treatment in the presence of halogen ions reveal the mechanism and various reaction pathways of aromatic compounds. Iodization and bromination were the dominant interfering reactions in sequential stages. Two multivariable regression models were developed to quantify the contributions of key toxicants (e.g., total PAHs, total phenols, dibromo-pentane and bromoform) to the acute toxicity of OPW during the treatment processes. It was observed that by removing the total PAHs and total phenols, the acute toxicity was increased from 3% to 57%, and the biodegradability (BOD28/COD ratio) was doubled more than 80% by the integrated UV-LED/TNA/ozonation process. Further, the biodegradation rate of bromoform was much faster than those of phenols, indicating that the proposed technology features high efficiency and has low impact on marine environment. In this research, I have investigated the matrix effect of OPW on photocatalysis and the impacts to the suspended and immobilized TiO2. A novel integrated UV-LED/TNA/ozonation process was developed to treat OPW. The efficiency of the process, the effects of operational parameters, the intermediates and degradation pathways, and their contribution to the acute toxicity and biodegradability of treated effluent were investigated. The scientific contributions of the research are: 1) revealing and summarizing the key mechanisms of OPW matrix and their key effects on photocatalysis, 2) understanding the interactions of OPW composition with catalyst surface, 3) fulfilling the knowledge gaps on the removal of PAHs from OPW by the UV-A (365 nm) photocatalytic ozonation process, including the interactive mechanisms of the adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation, the behaviors of halogenic ions, and the effects of the operational factors, 4) proposing the altered photodegradation pathways of aromatic organic matter in the presence of halogen ions, and 5) proposing toxicity contribution models targeted on the most toxic compounds in OPW with/without photocatalytic ozonation. The findings of this thesis work also help 1) develop a better strategy to countermeasure the difficulties in the application of photocatalytic oxidation for treating OPW, 2) develop an advanced alternative option for the OPW management, and 3) monitor the composition and toxicity changes during the process and hence the production of by-products in the OPW treatment practice.
Author: Iqbal M. Mujtaba
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351657577
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
Exponential growth in population and improved standards of living demand increasing amount of freshwater and are putting serious strain on the quantity of naturally available freshwater worldwide. Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives discusses developments in energy-efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, and social and political aspects related to water management and re-use of treated water. It features a scientific and technological perspective to meeting current and future needs, discussing such technologies as membrane separation using reverse osmosis, the use of nanoparticles for adsorption of impurities from wastewater, and the use of thermal methods for desalination. The book also discusses increasing the efficiency of water usage in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications to ensure a sustainable system of water production, usage, and recycling. With 30 chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, this work offers readers a comprehensive view of both social and technological outlooks to help solve this global issue.
Author: Ho-yin Yip
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oxidation
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Author: Rainer U. Meckenstock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Sadanand Pandey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 139419787X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
The concept of photoelectrochemistry applied to microbial fuel cells could be the future of sustainable wastewater treatment and for hydrogen recovery as a valuable energy source. With the increase of recalcitrant organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, the need for a sustainable bio-electrochemical process has become pressing in order to ensure that treatment processes are coupled with some beneficiation advantages. Microbial fuel cells combine wastewater treatment and biological power generation. However, the resistance of these organic pollutants to biological degradation requires further adjustment of the system to improve sustainability through maximization of energy production. Solar energy conversion using photocatalysis has drawn huge attention for its potential to provide renewable and sustainable energy. Furthermore, it might be the solution to serious environmental and energy-related problems. It has been widely understood for several years that the top global issues today are concerned with securing a clean supply of water and ensuring a reasonable price for clean energy. Researchers are studying advanced materials and processes to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel through photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, as well as to reduce carbon dioxide from the air into fuels through photocatalysis. Limited progress is occurring in these areas. The purpose of this book is to comprehensively cover the evolvement in the conceptualization and application of photocatalytic fuel cells, as well as make a critical assessment of the contribution in the field of sustainable wastewater treatment and renewable energy production. This book contains nine specialized chapters that provide comprehensive coverage of the design of photocatalytic fuel cells and their applications, including environmental remediation, chemical synthesis, green energy generation, model simulation for scaling up processes and implementation, and most importantly maximization of hydrogen evolution, recovery, and applications. Audience A wide audience of academics, industrial researchers, and graduate students working in heterogeneous photocatalysis, fuel cells, sustainable chemistry, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, and surfaces and interfaces, will find this book useful. The book is also important for professionals, namely environmental managers, water treatment plants managers and operators, water authorities, government regulatory bodies officers, and environmentalists.
Author: Romy Chakraborty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Author: Maulin P. Shah
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128216824
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 622
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Book Description
Removal of Toxic Pollutants through Microbiological and Tertiary Treatment: New Perspectives offers a current account of existing advanced oxidation strategies - including their limitations, challenges, and potential applications - in removing environmental pollutants through microbiological and tertiary treatment methods. The book introduces new trends and advances in environmental bioremediation technology, with thorough discussion of recent developments in the field. Updated information as well as future research directions in the field of bioremediation of industrial wastes is included. This book is an indispensable guide to students, researchers, scientists, and professionals working in fields such as microbiology, biotechnology, environmental sciences, eco-toxicology, and environmental remediation. The book also serves as a helpful guide for waste management professionals and those working on the biodegradation and bioremediation of industrial wastes and environmental pollutants for environmental sustainability. - Introduces various treatment schemes, including microbiological and tertiary technologies for bioremediation of environmental pollutants and industrial wastes - Includes pharmaceutical wastewater, oil refinery wastewater, distillery wastewater, tannery wastewater, textile wastewater, mine tailing wastes, plastic wastes, and more - Describes the role of relatively new treatment technologies and their approaches in bioremediation, including molecular and protein engineering technologies, microbial enzymes, bio surfactants, plant-microbe interactions, and genetically engineered organisms - Provides many advanced technologies in the field of bioremediation and phytoremediation, including electro-bioremediation technology, microbial fuel cell technology, nano-bioremediation technology, and phytotechnologies
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811566070
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Microbial biosurfactant compounds are a group of structurally diverse molecules produced by microorganisms, and are mainly categorized according to their chemical structure. The diversity of microbial biosurfactants makes them versatile and means that they offer a range of capabilities, while at the same time being economically sustainable. As such, they have potential applications in environmental processes, as well as in food, biomedicine and other industries. This book discusses innovative approaches and cutting-edge research that utilize the various properties of biosurfactants. Drawing on research from around the globe, it provides an up-to-date review of biosurfactant applications and their importance in fields such as medicine, gene therapy, immunotherapy, antimicrobial bioremediation and agriculture. It also discusses their anti-adhesive properties. The book will appeal to academics and researchers in the field of microbiology, as well as policymakers. It also serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences.
