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Author: Lakshmi M. Vijaya
Publisher: Universities Press
ISBN: 9788173715501
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
This book introduces a novel concept of Phase Evolution Diagrams (PED) for determining the residual life of industrial components. PED is based on the simple themodynamic considerations of precipitation proccess and depict the time-dependence of the concentration of carbon (the fingerprint of thermal history of a component) as a function of time in ferritic steels.
Author: Lakshmi M. Vijaya
Publisher: Universities Press
ISBN: 9788173715501
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
This book introduces a novel concept of Phase Evolution Diagrams (PED) for determining the residual life of industrial components. PED is based on the simple themodynamic considerations of precipitation proccess and depict the time-dependence of the concentration of carbon (the fingerprint of thermal history of a component) as a function of time in ferritic steels.
Author: Ji-Cheng Zhao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080549969
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
Phase diagrams are "maps" materials scientists often use to design new materials. They define what compounds and solutions are formed and their respective compositions and amounts when several elements are mixed together under a certain temperature and pressure. This monograph is the most comprehensive reference book on experimental methods for phase diagram determination. It covers a wide range of methods that have been used to determine phase diagrams of metals, ceramics, slags, and hydrides.* Extensive discussion on methodologies of experimental measurements and data assessments * Written by experts around the world, covering both traditional and combinatorial methodologies* A must-read for experimental measurements of phase diagrams
Author: Srikumar Banerjee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080548792
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 837
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Book Description
The terms phase transitions and phase transformations are often used in an interchangeable manner in the metallurgical literature. In Phase Transformations, transformations driven by pressure changes, radiation and deformation and those occurring in nanoscale multilayers are brought to the fore. Order-disorder transformations, many of which constitute very good examples of continuous transformations, are dealt with in a comprehensive manner. Almost all types of phase transformations and reactions that are commonly encountered in inorganic materials are covered and the underlying thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic aspects elucidated. - Shows readers the advancements in the field - due to enhanced computing power and superior experimental capability - Drawing upon the background and the research experience of the authors, bringing together a wealth of experience - Written essentially from a physical metallurgists view point
Author: Charles Darwin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Evolution
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
Author: Motoo Kimura
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811561656
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
This book, written by Motoo Kimura (1924–94), is a classic in evolutionary biology. In 1968, Kimura proposed the “neutral theory of molecular evolution”, which became the theoretical basis of modern evolutionary studies. After publishing his work in 1983 in the book “Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution”, Kimura wrote this book in 1988 for the general public. It was originally written in Japanese and is translated here for the first time. In the book, Kimura first summarizes the development of evolutionary theory since Lamarck and Darwin. He then shows how the search for mechanisms of evolution developed into population genetics and describes how the study of molecular evolution matured by taking in the fruits of molecular biology. Kimura proceeds to carefully explain his neutral evolution theory at the molecular level. Finally, he presents his view of the world from an evolutionary perspective. The book has long served as an in-depth introduction to evolutionary biology for students and young researchers in Japan. There has been remarkably rapid progress in the field of bioscience at the molecular level over the past 30 years. Nevertheless, the book remains an important contribution that laid the foundations for what followed in molecular evolutionary studies.
Author: James Keeler
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119964938
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 533
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Book Description
This text is aimed at people who have some familiarity with high-resolution NMR and who wish to deepen their understanding of how NMR experiments actually ‘work’. This revised and updated edition takes the same approach as the highly-acclaimed first edition. The text concentrates on the description of commonly-used experiments and explains in detail the theory behind how such experiments work. The quantum mechanical tools needed to analyse pulse sequences are introduced set by step, but the approach is relatively informal with the emphasis on obtaining a good understanding of how the experiments actually work. The use of two-colour printing and a new larger format improves the readability of the text. In addition, a number of new topics have been introduced: How product operators can be extended to describe experiments in AX2 and AX3 spin systems, thus making it possible to discuss the important APT, INEPT and DEPT experiments often used in carbon-13 NMR. Spin system analysis i.e. how shifts and couplings can be extracted from strongly-coupled (second-order) spectra. How the presence of chemically equivalent spins leads to spectral features which are somewhat unusual and possibly misleading, even at high magnetic fields. A discussion of chemical exchange effects has been introduced in order to help with the explanation of transverse relaxation. The double-quantum spectroscopy of a three-spin system is now considered in more detail. Reviews of the First Edition “For anyone wishing to know what really goes on in their NMR experiments, I would highly recommend this book” – Chemistry World “...I warmly recommend for budding NMR spectroscopists, or others who wish to deepen their understanding of elementary NMR theory or theoretical tools” – Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
Author: Michael C. Gao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319270133
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The authors summarize key properties of HEAs from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and applications, which are supported by in-depth analyses. The book also contains computational modeling in tackling HEAs, which help elucidate the formation mechanisms and properties of HEAs from various length and time scales.
Author: Erik Svensson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199595372
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
The 'Adaptive Landscape' has been a central concept in population genetics and evolutionary biology since this powerful metaphor was first formulated in 1932. This volume brings together historians of science, philosophers, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists, to discuss the state of the art from several different perspectives.
Author: Rajat K. Roy
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811995621
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
This book highlights the qualitative and quantitative sequential changes in microstructure of P91 steel under various stress and temperature conditions. The P91 alloy is an established material used under elevated temperature and stress in the components of thermal power plants. Temperature and stress levels for laboratory experimentation have been selected based on the true operating condition of a boiler. This book describes both full length as well as interrupted tests that were performed under given parameters. Subsequently, the microstructures, bulk hardness and NDE parameters (magnetic and non-linear ultrasonic) have been evaluated. For reliable data, the microstructures have been observed at different regions of creep exposed samples by different characterization techniques. This has been further followed by drawing co-relation between specific features like precipitate size variation with creep strain / creep time and so on. Given the contents, this book will be a useful reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of materials especially in thermal power plants.
Author: Peter Staron
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527335927
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods. As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization. The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science. With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20% new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.
