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Author: Kristy Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Half of households on First Nations reserves in the Province of Manitoba do not have access to piped water, but rather rely on cisterns or wells, or have no running water (e.g., buckets). The purpose of this research was to assess whether First Nations perceptions of water is dependent on the type of water distribution system associated with the household. From July 2017 to October 2018, household surveys were developed in collaboration with each of three First Nations in Manitoba (Community A, B and C) and participants were recruited by going door-to-door in each community. Using a total of 273 responses, the study applied a factor analysis and found that four factors explained the majority of the underlying variance among survey answers: Safety, Sufficiency, Acceptability and Human Health. Households with cisterns reported significantly more safety and sufficiency concerns compared to households with piped water. Deductive and inductive analysis of open-ended survey reponses identified how households were describing their concerns. Households with safety concerns described finding contaminants in their water (e.g., dirt) and some households expressed concerns surrounding insufficient community resources to fix the water safety problems (e.g., additional water cleaning equipment and staff are needed). Households lacking sufficient water described not being able to keep up with their basic family needs (e.g., cleaning, laundry and bathing). Descriptions of negative health concerns caused by the household's water largely included descriptions of gastrointestional illness symptoms or skin irritations. Importantly, the research also examined whether survey participants had full access to water, as defined by the United Nation's General Assembly Resolution 64/292, The Human Right to Drinking Water and Sanitation, A/RES/64/292 (28 July 2010). The analysis indicated that 60.8% of households were not able to access water as described in this Human Right Resolution especially households with cisterns or no running water. There is an urgent need for improved water services for First Nations in Manitoba.
Author: Kristy Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Half of households on First Nations reserves in the Province of Manitoba do not have access to piped water, but rather rely on cisterns or wells, or have no running water (e.g., buckets). The purpose of this research was to assess whether First Nations perceptions of water is dependent on the type of water distribution system associated with the household. From July 2017 to October 2018, household surveys were developed in collaboration with each of three First Nations in Manitoba (Community A, B and C) and participants were recruited by going door-to-door in each community. Using a total of 273 responses, the study applied a factor analysis and found that four factors explained the majority of the underlying variance among survey answers: Safety, Sufficiency, Acceptability and Human Health. Households with cisterns reported significantly more safety and sufficiency concerns compared to households with piped water. Deductive and inductive analysis of open-ended survey reponses identified how households were describing their concerns. Households with safety concerns described finding contaminants in their water (e.g., dirt) and some households expressed concerns surrounding insufficient community resources to fix the water safety problems (e.g., additional water cleaning equipment and staff are needed). Households lacking sufficient water described not being able to keep up with their basic family needs (e.g., cleaning, laundry and bathing). Descriptions of negative health concerns caused by the household's water largely included descriptions of gastrointestional illness symptoms or skin irritations. Importantly, the research also examined whether survey participants had full access to water, as defined by the United Nation's General Assembly Resolution 64/292, The Human Right to Drinking Water and Sanitation, A/RES/64/292 (28 July 2010). The analysis indicated that 60.8% of households were not able to access water as described in this Human Right Resolution especially households with cisterns or no running water. There is an urgent need for improved water services for First Nations in Manitoba.
Author: Geethani Eragoda Arachchilage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Approximately 50% of the homes on First Nation reserves in Manitoba, Canada, receive piped water from water treatment plants (WTP). Of the remaining homes, 31% are equipped with cisterns filled by a water truck. The overall objective of this thesis research was to compare the quality of tap water in homes with piped water versus those with cisterns. The study was in collaboration with three First Nations communities in Manitoba. Each community was predominantly equipped with belowground concrete cisterns, belowground fibreglass cisterns, or aboveground polyethylene cisterns stored in insulated shelters. Free residual chlorine concentration was significantly lower in water samples from homes with cisterns than piped water. The frequency and severity of Escherichia coli and total coliform contamination were significantly greater in drinking water from belowground concrete and fibreglass cisterns than in piped water samples in each community. The contamination of belowground cisterns by coliform bacteria was greatest in late spring. Data obtained under the Access to Information Act for 2014 and 2018 showed no clear evidence of improved water quality in any of the Tribal Councils linked to the three communities. Field and laboratory chlorine disappearance studies indicated a greater contribution of concrete cistern walls than bulk water to the disappearance, hence lowering free residual chlorine concentration in belowground cisterns. Treated water from the WTP in two of the First Nations communities frequently exceeded the Health Canada guideline of 100 μg L-1 total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), as did 75% of piped water samples and 70% of cistern water samples. Although the water distribution system had no significant effect on TTHM concentration, sampling month significantly affected due to temporal changes in source water dissolved organic carbon content. Dissolved organic carbon removal before further water treatment might be an important process in effectively reducing TTHMs formation, and thereby decreasing the exposure of residents to high levels of TTHMs. Additional treatment at household level, regular cleaning, and maintenance of belowground concrete and fibreglass cisterns are important to reduce the risk of water-borne illnesses. Also, belowground cisterns must be replaced with aboveground cisterns to reduce coliform contamination, although piped water is the preferred option.
Author: Ruidong Mi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This research examined the microbiological quality of drinking water distribution systems typically encountered in First Nation in Canada. Fecal bacteria and a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were frequently present in tap water of a community that relies on lake water as the source water to its water treatment plant, whereas this was not the case in communities that rely on groundwater. Fecal bacteria and ARGs were predominantly detected in tap water of homes that had water distributed by a truck for storage in underground cisterns, and not in treated water of homes with piped water. Cistern samples that tested positive for fecal bacteria had free residual chlorine concentrations less than 0.2 mg/L, which is required to suppress microbial growth. We are urging all governments in Canada to strategize how to alternatively deliver clean, running drinking water to families living in these homes.
Author: Sabrin Bashar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This study determined the microbiological quality of drinking water from various water distribution systems of two First Nation communities in Manitoba, Canada. E. coli, other coliforms as well as different types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were more often detected in water from homes with cisterns than homes with the direct-lined piped system. Cistern water showed the presence of bacteria, as well as ARGs, and had free chlorine concentrations less than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard recommended level that is 0.2 mg/L. Also, environmental changes affect the fecal bacterial counts as warmer months showed higher counts than the colder months. Moreover, this study also showed the presence of mecA gene carrying Mammaliicoccus fleurettii in lake water which is used as source water and recreational purposes in a First Nation community in Manitoba, Canada. Our study suggests that both drinking water and recreational water should be monitored for taking further steps to protect the community residents' health from waterborne illness.
Author: Merrell-Ann S. Phare
Publisher: Rocky Mountain Books Ltd
ISBN: 1926855175
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Provocative, passionate and populist, RMB Manifestos are short and concise non-fiction books of literary, critical, and cultural studies. First Nations are facing some of the worst water crises in Canada and throughout North America. Their widespread lack of access to safe drinking water receives ongoing national media attention, and yet progress addressing the causes of the problem is painfully slow. First Nations have had little say in how their waters are, or are not, protected. They have been excluded from many important decisions, as provinces operate under the view that they own the water resources within provincial boundaries, and the federal government takes a hands-off approach. The demands for access to waters that First Nations depend upon are intense and growing. Oil and gas, mining, ranching, farming and hydro-development all require enormous quantities of water, and each brings its own set of negative impacts to the rivers, lakes and groundwater sources that are critical to First Nations. Climate change threatens to make matters even worse. Over the last 30 years, the courts have clarified that First Nations have numerous rights to land and resources, including the right to be involved in decision-making. This book is a call to respect the water rights of First Nations, and through this create a new water ethic in Canada and beyond.
Author: Canada. Health Canada
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Indians of North America
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drinking water
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
During the run-up to the federal election in 2015, Liberal leader Justin Trudeau vowed to eliminate drinking water advisories in First Nations across Canada by 2021. A year later, with the Liberals holding a majority of seats in Parliament, the commitment was amended to eliminate all long-term boil water advisories on First Nations by 2021. In 2018, the federal Liberals expanded that commitment to include all public water systems on reserves such as schools and other community buildings. Canadian media outlets are following the progress by the Liberal government on these promises. A review of the content of these media reports provides an opportunity to explore the question: How are First Nations drinking water issues portrayed in the media and perceived by various actors? Data collection included reviewing the content of media stories starting in October 2015 until December 2018, beginning at the time the Liberal government was elected in the fall of 2015. These data are compared with an analysis of newspaper articles during the previous federal governments from 2000-2015. There are mixed opinions regarding whether there is a new path for ensuring safe water in First Nations communities. The splitting of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada into two separate departments – Indigenous Services Canada, and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada – is perceived by some to fall short of a new nation-to-nation relationship.Whereas others thought that dealing with one department on water issues would help First Nations get their water needs resolved. I characterized the opinions on the issues as being framed around three themes: water insecurity, capacity, and inequality, similar to previous research that examined media discourse analysis. However, this research suggests that there seems to be more of a negative portrayal of safe drinking water on reserves.
Author: Deborah McGregor
Publisher: Canadian Scholars’ Press
ISBN: 1773380850
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Indigenous research is an important and burgeoning field of study. With the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s call for the Indigenization of higher education and growing interest within academic institutions, scholars are exploring research methodologies that are centred in or emerge from Indigenous worldviews, epistemologies, and ontology. This new edited collection moves beyond asking what Indigenous research is and examines how Indigenous approaches to research are carried out in practice. Contributors share their personal experiences of conducting Indigenous research within the academy in collaboration with their communities and with guidance from Elders and other traditional knowledge keepers. Their stories are linked to current discussions and debates, and their unique journeys reflect the diversity of Indigenous languages, knowledges, and approaches to inquiry. Indigenous Research: Theories, Practices, and Relationships is essential reading for students in Indigenous studies programs, as well as for those studying research methodology in education, health sociology, anthropology, and history. It offers vital and timely guidance on the use of Indigenous research methods as a movement toward reconciliation.
Author: Amanda M. Klasing
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781623133634
Category : Drinking water
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
"The report, 'Make It Safe: Canada's Obligation to End the First Nations Water Crisis,' documents the impacts of serious and prolonged drinking water and sanitation problems for thousands of indigenous people--known as "First Nations"--living on reserves. It assesses why there are problems with safe water and sanitation on reserves, including a lack of binding water quality regulations, erratic and insufficient funding, faulty or sub-standard infrastructure, and degraded source waters. The federal government's own audits over two decades show a pattern of overpromising and underperforming on water and sanitation for reserves"--Publisher's description.
Author: Ryan Walker
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN: 0773589945
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 655
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Book Description
Centuries-old community planning practices in Indigenous communities in Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia have, in modern times, been eclipsed by ill-suited western approaches, mostly derived from colonial and neo-colonial traditions. Since planning outcomes have failed to reflect the rights and interests of Indigenous people, attempts to reclaim planning have become a priority for many Indigenous nations throughout the world. In Reclaiming Indigenous Planning, scholars and practitioners connect the past and present to facilitate better planning for the future. With examples from the Canadian Arctic to the Australian desert, and the cities, towns, reserves and reservations in between, contributors engage topics including Indigenous mobilization and resistance, awareness-raising and seven-generations visioning, Indigenous participation in community planning processes, and forms of governance. Relying on case studies and personal narratives, these essays emphasize the critical need for Indigenous communities to reclaim control of the political, socio-cultural, and economic agendas that shape their lives. The first book to bring Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors together across continents, Reclaiming Indigenous Planning shows how urban and rural communities around the world are reformulating planning practices that incorporate traditional knowledge, cultural identity, and stewardship over land and resources. Contributors include Robert Adkins (Community and Economic Development Consultant, USA), Chris Andersen (Alberta), Giovanni Attili (La Sapienza), Aaron Aubin (Dillon Consulting), Shaun Awatere (Landcare Research, New Zealand), Yale Belanger (Lethbridge), Keith Chaulk (Memorial), Stephen Cornell (Arizona), Sherrie Cross (Macquarie), Kim Doohan (Native Title and Resource Claims Consultant, Australia), Kerri Jo Fortier (Simpcw First Nation), Bethany Haalboom (Victoria University, New Zealand), Lisa Hardess (Hardess Planning Inc.), Garth Harmsworth (Landcare Research, New Zealand), Sharon Hausam (Pueblo of Laguna), Michael Hibbard (Oregon), Richard Howitt (Macquarie), Ted Jojola (New Mexico), Tanira Kingi (AgResearch, New Zealand), Marcus Lane (Griffith), Rebecca Lawrence (Umea), Gaim Lunkapis (Malaysia Sabah), Laura Mannell (Planning Consultant, Canada), Hirini Matunga (Lincoln University, New Zealand), Deborah McGregor (Toronto), Oscar Montes de Oca (AgResearch, New Zealand), Samantha Muller (Flinders), David Natcher (Saskatchewan), Frank Palermo (Dalhousie), Robert Patrick (Saskatchewan), Craig Pauling (Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu), Kurt Peters (Oregon State), Libby Porter (Monash), Andrea Procter (Memorial), Sarah Prout (Combined Universities Centre for Rural Health, Australia), Catherine Robinson (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia), Shadrach Rolleston (Planning Consultant, New Zealand), Leonie Sandercock (British Columbia), Crispin Smith (Planning Consultant, Canada), Sandie Suchet-Pearson (Macquarie), Siri Veland (Brown), Ryan Walker (Saskatchewan), Liz Wedderburn (AgResearch, New Zealand).
