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Author: Marquita R. Walker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Educational attainment
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
The deeply-ingrained perception that equality of opportunity exists for all Americans, dubbed the myth of upward social mobility, suggests that continued expansion of educational opportunities is the most viable conduit for intragenerational upward social class mobility. Viewed through a class structural perspective, individual placement within the economic structure determines the life chances or opportunities available to individuals, and individual economic success may depend upon educational attainment. Two general orientations toward educational attainment in the United States are the meritocratic perspective and the reproductive prospective. McMurrer and Sawhill (1998) suggest since fewer available opportunities are provided within the current environment of declining economic dynamism, educational processes may actually operate to maintain or reproduce class structures instead of making class structures more permeable (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1973; Gilbert, 2003) thus limiting upward mobility. Absent from the meritocratic and reproductive perspectives concerning social mobility research is the dimension of individual agency and how individual action may influence the permeability of class boundaries. The purpose of this study is to describe and discover the perceptions scholarship recipients who obtained college degrees may have concerning their own intragenerational social mobility and how those perceptions may affect the broader issues of social and economic inequity through a qualitative exploration grounded in life course research, structuration theory, interpretative phenomenology, and Heideggerian hermeneutics. This study is important because it may serve as a springboard for further research concerning scholarship intervention in educational attainment and intragenerational social mobility by looking at the perceptions of individuals who have attempted through educational attainment to move through class barriers. Conceptualization of the findings may create a holistic picture of the role scholarship receipt and educational attainment play in intragenerational social mobility.
Author: Marquita R. Walker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Educational attainment
Languages : en
Pages : 378
Get Book Here
Book Description
The deeply-ingrained perception that equality of opportunity exists for all Americans, dubbed the myth of upward social mobility, suggests that continued expansion of educational opportunities is the most viable conduit for intragenerational upward social class mobility. Viewed through a class structural perspective, individual placement within the economic structure determines the life chances or opportunities available to individuals, and individual economic success may depend upon educational attainment. Two general orientations toward educational attainment in the United States are the meritocratic perspective and the reproductive prospective. McMurrer and Sawhill (1998) suggest since fewer available opportunities are provided within the current environment of declining economic dynamism, educational processes may actually operate to maintain or reproduce class structures instead of making class structures more permeable (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1973; Gilbert, 2003) thus limiting upward mobility. Absent from the meritocratic and reproductive perspectives concerning social mobility research is the dimension of individual agency and how individual action may influence the permeability of class boundaries. The purpose of this study is to describe and discover the perceptions scholarship recipients who obtained college degrees may have concerning their own intragenerational social mobility and how those perceptions may affect the broader issues of social and economic inequity through a qualitative exploration grounded in life course research, structuration theory, interpretative phenomenology, and Heideggerian hermeneutics. This study is important because it may serve as a springboard for further research concerning scholarship intervention in educational attainment and intragenerational social mobility by looking at the perceptions of individuals who have attempted through educational attainment to move through class barriers. Conceptualization of the findings may create a holistic picture of the role scholarship receipt and educational attainment play in intragenerational social mobility.
Author: Timothy Smeeding
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610447549
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Americans like to believe that theirs is the land of opportunity, but the hard facts are that children born into poor families in the United States tend to stay poor and children born into wealthy families generally stay rich. Other countries have shown more success at lessening the effects of inequality on mobility—possibly by making public investments in education, health, and family well-being that offset the private advantages of the wealthy. What can the United States learn from these other countries about how to provide children from disadvantaged backgrounds an equal chance in life? Making comparisons across ten countries, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting brings together a team of eminent international scholars to examine why advantage and disadvantage persist across generations. The book sheds light on how the social and economic mobility of children differs within and across countries and the impact private family resources, public policies, and social institutions may have on mobility. In what ways do parents pass advantage or disadvantage on to their children? Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting is an expansive exploration of the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and background and the outcomes of their grown children. The authors also address the impact of education and parental financial assistance on mobility. Contributors Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, and Shelley Phipps look at how family economic background influences the outcomes of adult children in the United States and Canada. They find that, despite many cultural similarities between the two countries, Canada has three times the rate of intergenerational mobility as the United States—possibly because Canada makes more public investments in its labor market, health care, and family programs. Jo Blanden and her colleagues explore a number of factors affecting how advantage is transmitted between parents and children in the United States and the United Kingdom, including education, occupation, marriage, and health. They find that despite the two nations having similar rates of intergenerational mobility and social inequality, lack of educational opportunity plays a greater role in limiting U.S. mobility, while the United Kingdom’s deeply rooted social class structure makes it difficult for the disadvantaged to transcend their circumstances. Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine cognitive and behavioral school readiness across income groups and find that pre-school age children in both the United States and Britain show substantial income-related gaps in school readiness—driven in part by poorly developed parenting skills among overburdened, low-income families. The authors suggest that the most encouraging policies focus on both school and home interventions, including such measures as increases in federal funding for Head Start programs in the United States, raising pre-school staff qualifications in Britain, and parenting programs in both countries. A significant step forward in the study of intergenerational mobility, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting demonstrates that the transmission of advantage or disadvantage from one generation to the next varies widely from country to country. This striking finding is a particular cause for concern in the United States, where the persistence of disadvantage remains stubbornly high. But, it provides a reason to hope that by better understanding mobility across the generations abroad, we can find ways to do better at home.
Author: Richard Breen
Publisher: Studies in Social Inequality
ISBN: 9781503610163
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Author: Florian R. Hertel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This article provides insights into the long-term trends of intergenerational mobility of men and women born in the United States. We study both absolute and relative social mobility and analyze in some detail the relation between education and intergenerational mobility. We document massive changes in the occupational structure and the educational system of the US. Especially women benefitted consistently from the trend towards a post-industrial society, experiencing decreasing levels of downward mobility, while tendencies towards polarization of the occupational structure increased downward mobility for men. We find little evidence that education is becoming increasingly a motor for absolute upward mobility but our findings suggest that class placement is becoming more heterogeneous across educational levels. Our assessment of changes in relative mobility levels and how they relate to changes in education reveals quite different stories for men and women. While class fluidity increased among men, it remained stable among women. We find that the moderate increases in class fluidity among men are primarily driven by educational expansion and the compositional effect. For women, on the contrary, educational expansion alone had the potential to decrease female fluidity - chiefly since it elevated women's qualifications and enabled them henceforth to gain access to occupations restricted to their fathers.
Author: Robert Erikson
Publisher: Westview Press
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Examines relationship between social origin, gender, and educational attainment, and examines why class differences in educational opportunities have decreased in Sweden over time in comparison to experiences of the US, Great Britain, Germany and other European nations.
Author: David Brady
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199914052
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 937
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Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level.
Author: Michael J. Breen
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1315397137
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Contrary to what is suggested in media and popular discourses, Europe is neither a monolithic entity nor simply a collection of nation states. It is, rather, a union of millions of individuals who differ from one another in a variety of ways while also sharing many characteristics associated with their ethnic, social, political, economic, religious or national characteristics. This book explores differences and similarities that exist in attitudes, beliefs and opinions on a range of issues across Europe. Drawing on the extensive data of the European Social Survey, it presents insightful analyses of social attitudes, organised around the themes of religious identity, political identity, family identity and social identity, together with a section on methodological issues. A collection of rigorously analysed studies on national, comparative and pan-European levels, Values and Identities in Europe offers insight into the heart and soul of Europe at a time of unprecedented change. As such, it will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in social attitudes, social change in Europe, demographics and survey methods.
Author: Fabian T. Pfeffer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Author: Nawazuddin Ahmed
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000901009
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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Book Description
This book analyses the magnitude of the relationship between family background and adult occupational and educational outcomes and provides a comprehensive view of intergenerational mobility in the context of religious and caste dynamics in India. Based on nationally representative data sets, the book tracks educational and occupational mobility experiences of different socio-religious groups in contemporary India. Examining primary and secondary data to comprehend the macro picture and the micro details, the book offers insights into intra-generational occupational mobility and the perceptions and expectations of Muslim households. The book presents a classification of jobs and mobility analysis that is built on solid foundations of stratification theories. Moreover, it identifies data and presents evidence on the neighborhood effects in India. Offering an analysis of intergenerational advancement, this book is aimed at researchers in the field of economics, sociology, labor studies, development studies, minority and subaltern studies as well as those interested in the socio-economic issues of disadvantaged socio-religious groups in India.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264301089
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
This report provides new evidence on social mobility in the context of increased inequalities of income and opportunities in OECD and selected emerging economies. It covers the aspects of both, social mobility between parents and children and of personal income mobility over the life course, ...
