Author: Dr. Md. Ismail
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1387616218
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Food security explained conditions when people get adequate amount of food for active and healthy life. The global view of the situation of food security presents a multidimensional picture. Food security as a concept originated in the mid-1970s, in the discussions of international food problems during the time of global food crisis.
PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH AND FOOD PRODUCTION IN MALDA DISTRICT
Author: Dr. Md. Ismail
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1387616218
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Food security explained conditions when people get adequate amount of food for active and healthy life. The global view of the situation of food security presents a multidimensional picture. Food security as a concept originated in the mid-1970s, in the discussions of international food problems during the time of global food crisis.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1387616218
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Food security explained conditions when people get adequate amount of food for active and healthy life. The global view of the situation of food security presents a multidimensional picture. Food security as a concept originated in the mid-1970s, in the discussions of international food problems during the time of global food crisis.
Diversified Cropping Pattern and Agricultural Development
Author: Hasibur Rahaman
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030557286
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 285
Book Description
This book examines how crop diversification strategies can help to ensure sustainable agricultural development across different land-size categories, with a focus on Malda District in West Bengal, India. Using Malda as the study area, a region with nearly 4 million people, the book assesses the extent, pattern, factors and future of crop diversification and its contribution to the development of agriculture in Malda and in India as a whole. The work presents data from 1995-2015 concerning changing cropping patterns at various land-size distributions, and analyzes the information over the twenty year period to understand the link between crop diversification and agricultural development, in order to combat major agricultural issues and make suitable policy recommendations at micro (rural) and macro (urban) levels of agricultural planning. The study is a unique contribution to the field of agricultural geography, and will be of use to students and researchers, as well as government organizations, city/community planners and agriculture managers.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030557286
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 285
Book Description
This book examines how crop diversification strategies can help to ensure sustainable agricultural development across different land-size categories, with a focus on Malda District in West Bengal, India. Using Malda as the study area, a region with nearly 4 million people, the book assesses the extent, pattern, factors and future of crop diversification and its contribution to the development of agriculture in Malda and in India as a whole. The work presents data from 1995-2015 concerning changing cropping patterns at various land-size distributions, and analyzes the information over the twenty year period to understand the link between crop diversification and agricultural development, in order to combat major agricultural issues and make suitable policy recommendations at micro (rural) and macro (urban) levels of agricultural planning. The study is a unique contribution to the field of agricultural geography, and will be of use to students and researchers, as well as government organizations, city/community planners and agriculture managers.
Sustainable Regional Development
Author: Vinita Yadav
Publisher: Studera Press
ISBN: 9385883976
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Book Description
Region encompasses of inter-dependent urban and rural areas. The rural areas supply perishable items to urban areas and from urban areas, migrants send remittances back to their homes in rural areas. In India, where 68.85 percent of the population resided in rural area in 2011, the balanced regional development is required to achieve uniform and equitable distribution of resources. Of late, most of the Government's planning related efforts and associated development are more in cities, being largest contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), than rural areas. Higher investment in cities as compared to rural areas contradicts the basic premise of a balanced regional development. Though region received recognition through 73 and 74 Constitutional Amendment Act, yet regional planning is still amiss. As the population is increasing at a faster rate, one has to design the space in a sustainable manner. The development by means of infrastructure or governance shall have the futuristic approach. The book intends to create knowledge about the significance of regional planning. Using case study approach, thirteen chapters by contributing authors provides an in-depth understanding of both theoretical and practical aspects related to the concepts of regionalization, agglomeration economies, contract farming, industrialization, corridor development and heritage based development. In the book, highly acclaimed professionals' presents microscopic view of planning of varied type of regions and suggest ways to avoid the excess and misuse of resources which will dwindle the quintessence of future development. The book provides a one-stop answer to the quest of university students, government officials, researchers, officials from non-Government and private organisations to comprehend the concept of region, contextualize its importance as a viable unit of planning to resolve prevalent issues keeping in mind futuristic outlook of regional development. The editor establishes the importance of region as a viable unit of planning, emphasizes upon the need for contextualising the issues existing in the region and accentuates that Government's effort at national and state levels should be towards holistic planning of a region.
Publisher: Studera Press
ISBN: 9385883976
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Book Description
Region encompasses of inter-dependent urban and rural areas. The rural areas supply perishable items to urban areas and from urban areas, migrants send remittances back to their homes in rural areas. In India, where 68.85 percent of the population resided in rural area in 2011, the balanced regional development is required to achieve uniform and equitable distribution of resources. Of late, most of the Government's planning related efforts and associated development are more in cities, being largest contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), than rural areas. Higher investment in cities as compared to rural areas contradicts the basic premise of a balanced regional development. Though region received recognition through 73 and 74 Constitutional Amendment Act, yet regional planning is still amiss. As the population is increasing at a faster rate, one has to design the space in a sustainable manner. The development by means of infrastructure or governance shall have the futuristic approach. The book intends to create knowledge about the significance of regional planning. Using case study approach, thirteen chapters by contributing authors provides an in-depth understanding of both theoretical and practical aspects related to the concepts of regionalization, agglomeration economies, contract farming, industrialization, corridor development and heritage based development. In the book, highly acclaimed professionals' presents microscopic view of planning of varied type of regions and suggest ways to avoid the excess and misuse of resources which will dwindle the quintessence of future development. The book provides a one-stop answer to the quest of university students, government officials, researchers, officials from non-Government and private organisations to comprehend the concept of region, contextualize its importance as a viable unit of planning to resolve prevalent issues keeping in mind futuristic outlook of regional development. The editor establishes the importance of region as a viable unit of planning, emphasizes upon the need for contextualising the issues existing in the region and accentuates that Government's effort at national and state levels should be towards holistic planning of a region.
FUTURE SMART FOOD
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251304955
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
This publication demonstrates the benefits of neglected and underutilized species, including amaranth, sorghum and cowpea, and their potential contribution to achieving Zero Hunger in South and Southeast Asia.
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251304955
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
This publication demonstrates the benefits of neglected and underutilized species, including amaranth, sorghum and cowpea, and their potential contribution to achieving Zero Hunger in South and Southeast Asia.
Climate Change, Agriculture and Society
Author: Asraful Alam
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031282515
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Book Description
This book discusses emerging contexts of global warming and climate change, agricultural vulnerability and adaptation from local to global scale. Climate change, resilience in relation to agriculture and livelihoods and multi-dimensionality of various approaches are clearly taken into account by providing studies and perspectives on various methods and scales based on natural science to social science frameworks. This edited work contains chapters that are interdisciplinary, covering climate change, agriculture vulnerability, disaster impact, productivity efficiency, food security, livelihood resilience, land degradation, sustainability, in terms of plan and perform for transformation, sustainability and adaptation, including philosophy, change and economics, as well as the natural sciences. This book addresses the sustainable development goals to reduce the adverse impacts on agricultural productivity brought on by climate change and its adaptation and disaster risk reduction in developing and developed nations. Some of the assessed challenges include soil erosion, land use conversion, natural resource mismanagement, crop productivity decline and economic stagnation. This book covers important issues in the production and consumption of food in the past and present periods, agriculture, livelihood, and climate change, disaster risk management and society. All of these are under the threat of ongoing climate change and significant challenges to livelihood sustainability. The book is arranged into five broad sections: each part will cover a set of chapters dealing with a particular issue of the climate change, agriculture and society: approach toward sustainability. This book aims to attract attention of students, researchers, academician, policymakers and other inquisitive readers interested in different aspects of climate change, agriculture, livelihood and sustainability, particularly at local to global context.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031282515
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Book Description
This book discusses emerging contexts of global warming and climate change, agricultural vulnerability and adaptation from local to global scale. Climate change, resilience in relation to agriculture and livelihoods and multi-dimensionality of various approaches are clearly taken into account by providing studies and perspectives on various methods and scales based on natural science to social science frameworks. This edited work contains chapters that are interdisciplinary, covering climate change, agriculture vulnerability, disaster impact, productivity efficiency, food security, livelihood resilience, land degradation, sustainability, in terms of plan and perform for transformation, sustainability and adaptation, including philosophy, change and economics, as well as the natural sciences. This book addresses the sustainable development goals to reduce the adverse impacts on agricultural productivity brought on by climate change and its adaptation and disaster risk reduction in developing and developed nations. Some of the assessed challenges include soil erosion, land use conversion, natural resource mismanagement, crop productivity decline and economic stagnation. This book covers important issues in the production and consumption of food in the past and present periods, agriculture, livelihood, and climate change, disaster risk management and society. All of these are under the threat of ongoing climate change and significant challenges to livelihood sustainability. The book is arranged into five broad sections: each part will cover a set of chapters dealing with a particular issue of the climate change, agriculture and society: approach toward sustainability. This book aims to attract attention of students, researchers, academician, policymakers and other inquisitive readers interested in different aspects of climate change, agriculture, livelihood and sustainability, particularly at local to global context.
Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Security
Author: Rukhsana
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030693333
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
This volume provides an interdisciplinary collection of studies that cover the trends and issues related to agricultural productivity and availability, food and nutrition security, and sustainability in India. The book discusses a broad range of vital issues concerning the production and consumption of food during the era of climate change, and has been prepared to generate awareness of these issues in a large agricultural economy to shed light on new perspectives and solutions to achieve sustainable food production and security in India. The book is organized into three major sections: Climate and Agricultural Productivity for Availability, Changes and Trends in Cropping Patterns and Food Security, and Food and Nutrition Security for Sustainable Development. The book will be of interest to students, researchers, policymakers, and other inquisitive readers interested in different aspects of agriculture, food and nutrition security, and sustainable development.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030693333
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
This volume provides an interdisciplinary collection of studies that cover the trends and issues related to agricultural productivity and availability, food and nutrition security, and sustainability in India. The book discusses a broad range of vital issues concerning the production and consumption of food during the era of climate change, and has been prepared to generate awareness of these issues in a large agricultural economy to shed light on new perspectives and solutions to achieve sustainable food production and security in India. The book is organized into three major sections: Climate and Agricultural Productivity for Availability, Changes and Trends in Cropping Patterns and Food Security, and Food and Nutrition Security for Sustainable Development. The book will be of interest to students, researchers, policymakers, and other inquisitive readers interested in different aspects of agriculture, food and nutrition security, and sustainable development.
Livelihood Enhancement Through Agriculture, Tourism and Health
Author: Narayan Chandra Jana
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811673101
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 549
Book Description
Agriculture is the backbone of our economic system. It provides not only food and raw material but also employment opportunities to a very large number of people. Higher atmospheric temperature has an impact on crop yields while the changes in rainfall could affect both crop quality and quantity. Climate change, therefore, could increase the prices of major crops in some regions. For the most vulnerable people, lower agricultural output means lower income. In addition, climate change is expected to increase the risk of illness and death from extreme heat and poor air quality. Recent evidence is the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, climate change also affects the occurrence of other infectious diseases. A number of well-known diseases are climate-sensitive - malaria, dengue fever, and cholera among others. Tourism is considered as an industry and alternative contributor to a nation’s income. It can generate employment opportunities and boost up the economy. This book, consisting of 26 chapters, focuses on the issues of agriculture, tourism and health for livelihood enhancement. It is essential to discuss these diverse issues in the field of geography as it encompasses interdisciplinary topics. The range of concerns at the national, regional and local levels is not confined to geography only but also involves other disciplines as well. Therefore, this book is a valuable source for scientists and researchers in allied fields such as livelihood, agriculture, land use, tourism management, health care and tribal studies. Furthermore, this book can be of immense help to the researchers, planners and decision makers engaged in solving problems in these areas in developing countries and beyond.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811673101
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 549
Book Description
Agriculture is the backbone of our economic system. It provides not only food and raw material but also employment opportunities to a very large number of people. Higher atmospheric temperature has an impact on crop yields while the changes in rainfall could affect both crop quality and quantity. Climate change, therefore, could increase the prices of major crops in some regions. For the most vulnerable people, lower agricultural output means lower income. In addition, climate change is expected to increase the risk of illness and death from extreme heat and poor air quality. Recent evidence is the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, climate change also affects the occurrence of other infectious diseases. A number of well-known diseases are climate-sensitive - malaria, dengue fever, and cholera among others. Tourism is considered as an industry and alternative contributor to a nation’s income. It can generate employment opportunities and boost up the economy. This book, consisting of 26 chapters, focuses on the issues of agriculture, tourism and health for livelihood enhancement. It is essential to discuss these diverse issues in the field of geography as it encompasses interdisciplinary topics. The range of concerns at the national, regional and local levels is not confined to geography only but also involves other disciplines as well. Therefore, this book is a valuable source for scientists and researchers in allied fields such as livelihood, agriculture, land use, tourism management, health care and tribal studies. Furthermore, this book can be of immense help to the researchers, planners and decision makers engaged in solving problems in these areas in developing countries and beyond.
Agriculture, Environment and Sustainable Development
Author: Rukhsana
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031104064
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 279
Book Description
This volume is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent innovations related to the study of agricultural and environmental management for sustainable development. The book clearly identifies why the fight to achieve sustainable development in agricultural production must be fought along a broad multidisciplinary front to overcome issues such as soil erosion, poor water quality, pesticide contamination, and food insecurity. Readers are given a broad exposition of the trends and current practices of basic principles on sustainable agriculture, along with a detailed understanding of the use of sustainable agriculture to develop environmentally sustainable food production systems. The chapters describe the ecological sustainability of agricultural systems, current innovations to improve efficiency in the use of resources for sustainable agriculture, and the proposal for technological options and new areas of research in this very significant field of agriculture. The authors aim to provide readers with a good subject understanding which will assist in the identification of agricultural development, environmental risk, sustainable resource management and design of appropriate responses. This book will be very helpful for students, researchers and practitioners interested in the fields of agriculture, environment and sustainable development.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031104064
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 279
Book Description
This volume is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent innovations related to the study of agricultural and environmental management for sustainable development. The book clearly identifies why the fight to achieve sustainable development in agricultural production must be fought along a broad multidisciplinary front to overcome issues such as soil erosion, poor water quality, pesticide contamination, and food insecurity. Readers are given a broad exposition of the trends and current practices of basic principles on sustainable agriculture, along with a detailed understanding of the use of sustainable agriculture to develop environmentally sustainable food production systems. The chapters describe the ecological sustainability of agricultural systems, current innovations to improve efficiency in the use of resources for sustainable agriculture, and the proposal for technological options and new areas of research in this very significant field of agriculture. The authors aim to provide readers with a good subject understanding which will assist in the identification of agricultural development, environmental risk, sustainable resource management and design of appropriate responses. This book will be very helpful for students, researchers and practitioners interested in the fields of agriculture, environment and sustainable development.
South Asia and Climate Change
Author: Mausumi Kar
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 100040983X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of the diverse aspects of climate change in South Asia. The region, home to almost 4% of the world’s population, is under serious threat from climatic disasters. The volume underscores the urgency of addressing cataclysmic events related to climate change and their ramifications on the economy, agriculture and livelihoods of the region. The book discusses the reasons causing climate change as well as highlights normative and ethical considerations involved in the battle against climate change. With case studies from India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, it explores issues such as extreme climatic events; energy use, fossil fuels, non-renewable resources and carbon dioxide emission in South Asia; internal migration and climate refugees; the ethical dilemma of sustainable development; technological advancements for extreme weather forecast; and responses to climate change in South Asia. Highlighting the need for striking a balance between developmental imperatives and environmental sustainability, the chapters also show the North-South divide in the research agenda and policies on climate change and the global politics that underlie climate policies. The volume juxtaposes a scientific analysis of factors responsible for climate change with an analysis of the human cost of climate change from the perspective of social sciences. It discusses the challenges faced by developing countries while also offering recommendations and solutions. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of climate studies, geography, public policy and governance, sustainable development, development studies, environmental studies, political studies, international relations, political economy, economics and sociology. It will also be useful to practitioners, thinktanks, policymakers and civil society organisations working on environmental management.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 100040983X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of the diverse aspects of climate change in South Asia. The region, home to almost 4% of the world’s population, is under serious threat from climatic disasters. The volume underscores the urgency of addressing cataclysmic events related to climate change and their ramifications on the economy, agriculture and livelihoods of the region. The book discusses the reasons causing climate change as well as highlights normative and ethical considerations involved in the battle against climate change. With case studies from India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, it explores issues such as extreme climatic events; energy use, fossil fuels, non-renewable resources and carbon dioxide emission in South Asia; internal migration and climate refugees; the ethical dilemma of sustainable development; technological advancements for extreme weather forecast; and responses to climate change in South Asia. Highlighting the need for striking a balance between developmental imperatives and environmental sustainability, the chapters also show the North-South divide in the research agenda and policies on climate change and the global politics that underlie climate policies. The volume juxtaposes a scientific analysis of factors responsible for climate change with an analysis of the human cost of climate change from the perspective of social sciences. It discusses the challenges faced by developing countries while also offering recommendations and solutions. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of climate studies, geography, public policy and governance, sustainable development, development studies, environmental studies, political studies, international relations, political economy, economics and sociology. It will also be useful to practitioners, thinktanks, policymakers and civil society organisations working on environmental management.
The Industrial Development of Bengal, 1900-1939
Author: A. Z. M. Iftikhar-ul-Awwal
Publisher: A. Z. M. Iftikhar-ul-Awwal (Copyright)
ISBN: 0706915798
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
Preface: The present work examines the industrial experience of Bengal during the period 1900 to 1939 with particular emphasis on the role of the government as the main instrument for growth. For this work, available statistical material has been utilized for the sake of precision as well as to strengthen the qualitative evidence. The book contains eight chapters. While Chapter I builds up the case for industrial development, Chapter II examines in detail the industrial policy of the Bengal government in the light of its own limitations as a subordinate authority to the Government of India and that of Whitehall. Chapter III is an investigation of the labour market in Bengal with emphasis on the supply of labour to jute, tea and coal industries in relation to wages and conditions of work. In Chapter IV, I have examined the rates of profitability and security of industrial investments. In this chapter, I have also examined the financial institutions of the time and their role in the industrial development of the province. Chapter V points to some of the difficulties experienced by Indian entrepreneurs, and in the above light looks at their contribution to the larger industrial establishments of Bengal. The next two Chapters VI and VII examine the growth and development of the two biggest manufacturing industries of our period - jute and handloom cotton weaving industries. The concluding chapter is an estimate of the industrial progress made in the province during the period under review. This book is a slightly revised version of my Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of London in 1978. In the preparation of this thesis, I have accumulated an enormous debt of gratitude to my Supervisor, Dr. K. N. Chaudhuri whose careful vigilance and timely intervention saved me from many factual errors and infelicities of style. My thanks are also due to Mr. I. B. Harrison, who went through some of my preliminary chapters during the absence of Dr Chaudhuri in 1975-76 and made many useful observations. I am also indebted to Dr. Sirajul Islam of Dhaka University for helping me with some necessary corrections. Here I take this opportunity also to express my deep gratitude to the UK Commonwealth Commission which offered me a scholarship for three years which enabled me to undertake this research work. Needless to say, without their financial help it would have been virtually impossible to pursue this course of studies. I also wish to thank the University of Dhaka for granting me the necessary study leave. There remains also a special group of people - without whose co-operation, patience and tolerance, this work would not have seen the light of day. In this group belong the library staff of the British Library (including the Newspaper Section at Colindale), Senate House Library, the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, and particularly, the India Office Library and Records (including their Newspaper Section at the Bush House). I take this opportunity to thank Mr. J. Sims of the India Office Library and Records for being so helpful in tracking down apparently untraceable official documents. I wish to thank the staff of the Bangladesh Secretariat Record Room and of the Secretariat Library, Dhaka for extending me all possible facilities in carrying out my research work. Finally, I owe a special debt of gratitude to my wife, Lilly whose support and constant encouragement over these years was invaluable in completing this work. - A. Z. M. Iftikhar-ul-Awwal
Publisher: A. Z. M. Iftikhar-ul-Awwal (Copyright)
ISBN: 0706915798
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
Preface: The present work examines the industrial experience of Bengal during the period 1900 to 1939 with particular emphasis on the role of the government as the main instrument for growth. For this work, available statistical material has been utilized for the sake of precision as well as to strengthen the qualitative evidence. The book contains eight chapters. While Chapter I builds up the case for industrial development, Chapter II examines in detail the industrial policy of the Bengal government in the light of its own limitations as a subordinate authority to the Government of India and that of Whitehall. Chapter III is an investigation of the labour market in Bengal with emphasis on the supply of labour to jute, tea and coal industries in relation to wages and conditions of work. In Chapter IV, I have examined the rates of profitability and security of industrial investments. In this chapter, I have also examined the financial institutions of the time and their role in the industrial development of the province. Chapter V points to some of the difficulties experienced by Indian entrepreneurs, and in the above light looks at their contribution to the larger industrial establishments of Bengal. The next two Chapters VI and VII examine the growth and development of the two biggest manufacturing industries of our period - jute and handloom cotton weaving industries. The concluding chapter is an estimate of the industrial progress made in the province during the period under review. This book is a slightly revised version of my Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of London in 1978. In the preparation of this thesis, I have accumulated an enormous debt of gratitude to my Supervisor, Dr. K. N. Chaudhuri whose careful vigilance and timely intervention saved me from many factual errors and infelicities of style. My thanks are also due to Mr. I. B. Harrison, who went through some of my preliminary chapters during the absence of Dr Chaudhuri in 1975-76 and made many useful observations. I am also indebted to Dr. Sirajul Islam of Dhaka University for helping me with some necessary corrections. Here I take this opportunity also to express my deep gratitude to the UK Commonwealth Commission which offered me a scholarship for three years which enabled me to undertake this research work. Needless to say, without their financial help it would have been virtually impossible to pursue this course of studies. I also wish to thank the University of Dhaka for granting me the necessary study leave. There remains also a special group of people - without whose co-operation, patience and tolerance, this work would not have seen the light of day. In this group belong the library staff of the British Library (including the Newspaper Section at Colindale), Senate House Library, the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, and particularly, the India Office Library and Records (including their Newspaper Section at the Bush House). I take this opportunity to thank Mr. J. Sims of the India Office Library and Records for being so helpful in tracking down apparently untraceable official documents. I wish to thank the staff of the Bangladesh Secretariat Record Room and of the Secretariat Library, Dhaka for extending me all possible facilities in carrying out my research work. Finally, I owe a special debt of gratitude to my wife, Lilly whose support and constant encouragement over these years was invaluable in completing this work. - A. Z. M. Iftikhar-ul-Awwal