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Author: Marvin Young Paik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Polymers have been used in thin film coatings as a way to produce tailor made surfaces. These thin films have been explored for use in a variety of applications to produce antifouling coatings, corrosion resistant coatings, biocompatible surfaces, and biomedical devices. Polymer brushes, polymer chains tethered to a substrate or surface, synthesized by surface-initiated polymerization have gained significant attention in recent years. As brushes offer a new pathway towards the preparation of functional surfaces and offer long term stability, even in adverse environments, they are attractive for use as high-tech coatings. Patterned polymer thin films have also seen growing interest for various applications. This dissertation will focus on the top-down direct patterning of polymer brushes and the bottom-up self-assembly of block copolymer thin films. A new approach to creating patterned polymer brushes is highlighted, which is a simpler approach than what is conventionally done. Various polymer brushes were patterned directly using electron beam lithography to create high resolution patterned polymer brushes in a single step. This method was then used to demonstrate the unique ability to create sub-surface patterns within the brush. Additionally, direct patterning was used to create high resolution patterned binary polymer brushes of PMMA and PEGMA. With this binary patterned surface, a surface that responds to its local environment was created. This thesis also details characterization techniques used in probing polymer thin films to better understand how to improve block copolymer self-assembly. By using a powerful technique called grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) on solvent vapor annealed block copolymer thin films while monitoring the solvent vapor swollen film thickness and controlling the film swelling with a nitrogen counterflow, the work presented demonstrates how to accurately determine the processing conditions necessary for the annealing process to take place. This process also provides information as to what changes are occurring during the annealing process. Another characterization technique known as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is also highlighted. A more exact calculation of the electron escape depth (EED) for NEXAFS is done using polymer brushes as the calibration sample. With this information, we can do composition depth profiling on our polymer thin films to identify what is at the surface.
Author: Marvin Young Paik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Polymers have been used in thin film coatings as a way to produce tailor made surfaces. These thin films have been explored for use in a variety of applications to produce antifouling coatings, corrosion resistant coatings, biocompatible surfaces, and biomedical devices. Polymer brushes, polymer chains tethered to a substrate or surface, synthesized by surface-initiated polymerization have gained significant attention in recent years. As brushes offer a new pathway towards the preparation of functional surfaces and offer long term stability, even in adverse environments, they are attractive for use as high-tech coatings. Patterned polymer thin films have also seen growing interest for various applications. This dissertation will focus on the top-down direct patterning of polymer brushes and the bottom-up self-assembly of block copolymer thin films. A new approach to creating patterned polymer brushes is highlighted, which is a simpler approach than what is conventionally done. Various polymer brushes were patterned directly using electron beam lithography to create high resolution patterned polymer brushes in a single step. This method was then used to demonstrate the unique ability to create sub-surface patterns within the brush. Additionally, direct patterning was used to create high resolution patterned binary polymer brushes of PMMA and PEGMA. With this binary patterned surface, a surface that responds to its local environment was created. This thesis also details characterization techniques used in probing polymer thin films to better understand how to improve block copolymer self-assembly. By using a powerful technique called grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) on solvent vapor annealed block copolymer thin films while monitoring the solvent vapor swollen film thickness and controlling the film swelling with a nitrogen counterflow, the work presented demonstrates how to accurately determine the processing conditions necessary for the annealing process to take place. This process also provides information as to what changes are occurring during the annealing process. Another characterization technique known as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is also highlighted. A more exact calculation of the electron escape depth (EED) for NEXAFS is done using polymer brushes as the calibration sample. With this information, we can do composition depth profiling on our polymer thin films to identify what is at the surface.
Author: Wolfgang Knoll
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527638490
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1107
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Book Description
Very thin film materials have emerged as a highly interesting and useful quasi 2D-state functionality. They have given rise to numerous applications ranging from protective and smart coatings to electronics, sensors and display technology as well as serving biological, analytical and medical purposes. The tailoring of polymer film properties and functions has become a major research field. As opposed to the traditional treatise on polymer and resin-based coatings, this one-stop reference is the first to give readers a comprehensive view of the latest macromolecular and supramolecular film-based nanotechnology. Bringing together all the important facets and state-of-the-art research, the two well-structured volumes cover film assembly and depostion, functionality and patterning, and analysis and characterization. The result is an in-depth understanding of the phenomena, ordering, scale effects, fabrication, and analysis of polymer ultrathin films. This book will be a valuable addition for Materials Scientists, Polymer Chemists, Surface Scientists, Bioengineers, Coatings Specialists, Chemical Engineers, and Scientists working in this important research field and industry.
Author: Abhinav Rastogi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The ability to pattern functional polymers at different length scales is important for the advancement of modern science and technology. This dissertation mainly describes the work done on the high resolution patterning of polymer thin films that have a variety of potential uses. The nanoscale patterning of spun-coated polar polymers was demonstrated using environmentally benign supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a processing solvent. The use of scCO2 as a processing solvent has several technical advantages that help resolve some of the key problems faced in lithography. In addition, it helps reduce the energy and resource usage that can negatively affect the environment. scCO2 is generally a poor solvent for high molecular weight polymers that are used as standard photoresists. Chapter 2 describes a series of fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts that were synthesized and used as CO2 compatible additives to aid the dissolution of polar polymer photoresists in scCO2. Using these dissolution aids, patterns as small as 100 nm lines were obtained with scCO2 development. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the patterning of high-tech thin polymer films referred to as polymer brushes. In these films the polymer chains are covalently attached to a surface. A direct method of patterning polymer brushes in a single step using electron beam lithography has been described. Polymer brushes of different structures such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes , poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes, poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PIBMA) brushes, poly(neopentyl methacrylate) (PNPMA) brushes and poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) brushes were grown via atom transfer radical polymerization. These brushes were directly patterned using e-beam and their sensitivity to e-beam patterning has been compared and explained. This direct patterning approach produced polymer brush patterns down to 50 nm lines. Due to the number of advantages of using scCO2 as a processing solvent, the dry development of a directly patterned low surface energy coating composed of PTFEMA brushes in scCO2 has been demonstrated in Chapter 4. Using scCO2 as a developer, patterned PTFEMA brushes with 150 nm lines were obtained. Polymer brushes have been used to prepare biocompatible surfaces with reduced non-specific adsorption. Chapter 5 describes the synthesis of a new oligo(ethylene glycol) containing ATRP intiator to prevent non-specific adsorption of biomolecules on polymer brush coated gold electrodes. The adsorption of non-specific antibodies on modified gold electrodes was studied using cyclic voltammetry. Poly(acrylic acid) brushes grown using this new ATRP initiator showed reduced nonspecific binding of the gold electrodes. There has been a continuing need for developing new medical countermeasures for emerging infectious diseases. Chapter 6 describes the role of functionalized poly(acrylic acid) brushes in the development of a biosensor based on sensitive electrochemical detection of the intrinsic catalytic activity of antibodies. Poly(acrylic acid) brushes have been functionalized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl groups (model antigen) and Ni-NTA to immobilize specific antibodies on the sensor surface. The modification of gold surfaces with polymer brushes provides a bio- and electronically compatible substrate with high density of specific haptens with reduced non-specific adsorption.
Author: K. Grundke
Publisher: Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
This volume includes contributions to the 10th Dresden Polymer Discussion which was held in Meißen near Dresden from April 10 to 13, 2005 organized by the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden and the Institute of Macromolecular and Textile Chemistry of the Technische Universität Dresden. The meeting was focussed on Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films. Comprehensive characterization of surfaces and interfaces is essential to relate surface and thin film properties to micro structure and molecular origin, which is, on the other hand, the key to technological control and improvement of materials. The contributions in this volume cover a representative spectrum of surface sensitive techniques and their application to polymer surface and thin film characterization as well as recent examples of technologically relevant materials and process development.
Author: Rigoberto C. Advincula
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527604995
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 501
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Book Description
Materials scientists, polymer chemists, surface physicists and materials engineers will find this book a complete and detailed treatise on the field of polymer brushes, their synthesis, characterization and manifold applications. In a first section, the various synthetic pathways and different surface materials are introduced and explained, followed by a second section covering important aspects of characterization and analysis in both flat surfaces and particles. These specific surface initiated polymerization (SIP) systems such as linear polymers, homopolymers, block copolymers, and hyperbranched polymers are unique compared to previously reported systems by chemisorption or physisorption. They have found their way in both large-scale and miniature applications of polymer brushes, which is covered in the last section. Such 'hairy' surfaces offer fascinating opportunities for addressing numerous problems of both academic and, in particular, industrial interest: high-quality, functional or protective coatings, composite materials, surface engineered particles, metal-organic interfaces, biological applications, micro-patterning, colloids, nanoparticles, functional devices, and many more. It is the desire of the authors that this book will be of benefit to readers who want to "brush-up on polymers".
Author: Wolfgang Knoll
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN: 9783527321902
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Very thin film materials have emerged as a highly interesting and useful quasi 2D-state functionality. They have given rise to numerous applications ranging from protective and smart coatings to electronics, sensors and display technology as well as serving biological, analytical and medical purposes. The tailoring of polymer film properties and functions has become a major research field. As opposed to the traditional treatise on polymer and resin-based coatings, this one-stop reference is the first to give readers a comprehensive view of the latest macromolecular and supramolecular film-based nanotechnology. Bringing together all the important facets and state-of-the-art research, the two well-structured volumes cover film assembly and depostion, functionality and patterning, and analysis and characterization. The result is an in-depth understanding of the phenomena, ordering, scale effects, fabrication, and analysis of polymer ultrathin films. This book will be a valuable addition for Materials Scientists, Polymer Chemists, Surface Scientists, Bioengineers, Coatings Specialists, Chemical Engineers, and Scientists working in this important research field and industry.
Author: Manuel P. Soriaga
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306473357
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
This book is about thin films; what they are, how they are prepared, how they are characterized, and what they are used for. The contents of this book not only showcase the diversity of thin films, but also reveals the commonality among the work performed in a variety of areas. The chapters in this volume are based on invited papers presented by prominent researchers in the field at a Symposium on "Thin Films: Preparation, Characterization, Applications" at the 221st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society held in San Diego, California. The coverage of the symposium was extensive; topics ranged from highly-ordered metal adlayers on well-defined electrode surfaces to bio-organic films on non-metallic nanoparticles. An objective of this book is for the readers to be able to draw from the experience and results of others in order to improve and expand the understanding of the science and technology of their own thin films systems.
Author: Miguel Alguero
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118935705
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 984
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Book Description
This two volume set reviews the key issues in processing and characterization of nanoscale ferroelectrics and multiferroics, and provides a comprehensive description of their properties, with an emphasis in differentiating size effects of extrinsic ones like boundary or interface effects. Recently described nanoscale novel phenomena are also addressed. Organized into three parts it addresses key issues in processing (nanostructuring), characterization (of the nanostructured materials) and nanoscale effects. Taking full advantage of the synergies between nanoscale ferroelectrics and multiferroics, the text covers materials nanostructured at all levels, from ceramic technologies like ferroelectric nanopowders, bulk nanostructured ceramics and thick films, and magnetoelectric nanocomposites, to thin films, either polycrystalline layer heterostructures or epitaxial systems, and to nanoscale free standing objects with specific geometries, such as nanowires and tubes at different levels of development. This set is developed from the high level European scientific knowledge platform built within the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action on Single and multiphase ferroics and multiferroics with restricted geometries (SIMUFER, ref. MP0904). Chapter contributors have been carefully selected, and have all made major contributions to knowledge of the respective topics, and overall, they are among most respected scientists in the field.
Author: Mihai Scarlete
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
"The effect of the thermal decomposition of NH$ sb3$, as an independent variable, on the carbon/nitrogen exchange process was studied. Deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium were related to dynamic conditions characterizing the flow regime." --
Author: Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812818812
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Polymer thin films is an emerging area driven by their enormous technological potential and the intellectually challenging academic problems associated with them. This book contains a collection of review articles on the current topics of polymer films written by leading experts in the field. To reflect the interdisciplinary nature of this field, the contributors hail from a wide range of disciplines, including chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, engineers, and physicists. The goal of this book is to provide readers, whether involved in or outside of the field of polymer films, with an encompassing and informative reference.
