Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs PDF Download
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Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309269393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309269393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 377
Get Book Here
Book Description
The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.
Author: E. Friedman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461594685
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
The state of health care is reflected by perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as by the frequencies of long-term neurologic and developmental disorders. Many factors, some without immediately rec ognizable significance to childbearing and many still unknown, undoubt edly contribute beneficially or adversely to the outcome of pregnancy. Knowledge concerning the impact of such factors on the fetus and sur viving infant is critical. Confounding analyses of pregnancy outcome, especially these past two or three decades, are the effects of newly un dertaken invasive or inactive therapeutic approaches coupled with the advent of high technology. Many innovations have been introduced with out serious efforts to evaluate their impact prospectively and objectively. The consequences of therapeutic misadventures characterized the past; it seems they have been replaced to a degree by some of the complications of applied technology. Examples abound: after overuse of oxygen was recognized to cause retrolental fibroplasia, its restriction led to an in crease in both neonatal death rates and neurologic damage in surviving infants. Administration of vitamin K to prevent neonatal hemorrhagic disease, particularly when given in what we now know as excessive dos age, occasionally resulted in kernicterus. Prophylactic sulfonamide use had a similar end result. More recent is the observation of bronchopul monary dysplasia as a complication of respirator therapy for hyaline membrane disease.
Author: Diether Langnickel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
On pelvimetry and complications of pregnancy.
Author: Andrew Steptoe
Publisher: Wiley
ISBN: 9780471931058
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
This interdisciplinary work addresses the psychology of stress and its effect on health. Contributors offer diverse perspectives on stress and its relations to public health and epidemiology, medical sociology, social psychiatry, experimental and clinical psychology, nursing studies, and animal physiology. Provided is an assessment of the various ways in which personal control is invoked in a range of health-relevant issues. The current state of knowledge is summarized, and opportunities for new developments are highlighted. Three major sections address the role of control in job settings and its influence on health; the relationship of control to clinical problems such as pain, stress, and heart disease; and the pathways through which control affects behavior and psychobiological responses, from an experimental perspective.
Author: Fritz Scholz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319349923
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In this collection of interrelated essays, the authors review landmark developments in electrochemistry building on biographic material and personal insight. The book facilitates understanding of the innate pathways of developments in electrochemical science as a result of lucky circumstances fitting to objective conditions. Thus the book will help to understand the present state of electrochemistry and offer inspiration for solving today’s scientific challenges. The authors as experienced electrochemists from the U.S., Western and Eastern Europe also provide guidance for scientific careers by presenting biographical examples of famous electrochemists.
Author: Bryan Schnedeker
Publisher: Next Step Test Preparation Publishing
ISBN: 9781944935054
Category : Medical College Admission Test
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Next Step's MCAT QBook provides 2,000 MCAT discrete questions covering all the sciences, including psychology and sociology. Each question also includes a complete explanation of correct and incorrect answer choices. Students should plan to use this book as a supplement to their MCAT content review to check understanding and identify problem areas to focus study. This book was written from the ground up for the revised (2015 and later) MCAT. Those who purchase a Next Step book also get free access to our online MCAT diagnostic test.
Author: Carol Sue Carter
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262033488
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 509
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Book Description
Scientists from different disciplines, including anthropology, psychology, psychiatry, pediatrics, neurobiology, endocrinology, and molecular biology, explore the concepts of attachment and bonding from varying scientific perspectives.
Author: C. Daniel Batson
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317785363
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Are our efforts to help others ever driven solely by altruistic motivation, or is our ultimate goal always some form of self- benefit (egoistic motivation)? This volume reports the development of an empirically-testable theory of altruistic motivation and a series of experiments designed to test that theory. It sets the issue of egoism versus altruism in its larger historical and philosophical context, and brings diverse experiments into a single, integrated argument. Readers will find that this book provides a solid base of information from which questions surrounding the existence of altruistic motivation can be further investigated.
Author: Gerald M. Edelman
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300102291
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
"Wider Than the Sky presents an analysis of the brain activities underlying consciousness that is based on remarkable recent advances in biochemistry, immunology, medical imaging, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology. But the implications of this rewarding book extend farther, well beyond the worlds of science and medicine into virtually every area of human inquiry."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135151444X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1301
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Book Description
With the discovery of conditioned reflexes by I. P. Pavlov, the possibilities for experimenting, following the example set by the classical, exact sciences, were made available to the behavioral sciences. Many psychologists hoped that the component parts of behavior had also been found from which the entire, multifaceted cosmos of behavior could then be constructed. An experimentally oriented psychology subsequently developed including the influential school of behaviorism.This first text on human ethology presents itself as a unified work, even though not every area could be treated with equal depth. For example, a branch of ethology has developed in the past decade which places particular emphasis on ecology and population genetics. This field, known as sociobiology, has enriched discussion beyond the boundaries of behavioral biology through its stimulating, and often provocative, theses.After vigorous debates between behaviorists, anthropologists, and sociologists, we have entered a period of exchange of thoughts and a mutual approach, which in many instances has led to cooperative projects of researchers from different disciplines. This work offers a biological point of view for discussion and includes data from the author's cross-cultural work and research from the staff of his institute. It confirms, above all else, the astonishing unity of mankind and paints a basically positive picture of how we are moved by the same passions, jealousies, friendliness, and active curiosity.The need to understand ourselves has never been as great as it is today. An ideologically torn humanity struggles for its survival. Our species, does not know how it should compensate its workers, and it experiments with various economic systems, constitutions, and forms of government. It struggles for freedom and stumbles into newer conflicts. Population growth is apparently completely out of hand, and at the same time many resources are being depleted. We must consider our existence rati
