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Author: J.M. McCord
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080877109
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
The rapid expansion of the area of free radical biology in the last 25 years has occurred within a framework of assumptions and preconceived notions that has at times directed the course of this movement. The most dominant of these notions has been the view that free radical production is without exception a bad thing, and that the more efficient our elimination of these toxic substances, the better off we will be. The very important observation by Bernard Babior and colleagues in 1973 that activated phagocytes produce superoxide in order to kill micro organisms, served to illustrate that constructive roles are possible for free radicals. For many in the field, however, this merely underscored the deadly nature of oxygen-derived radicals, both from the microbe's point of view and from the host's as well. (Phagocyte-produced superoxide is responsible in part for the tissue injury manifested as inflammation. See Harris and Granger, Chapter 5, and Leff, Hybertson and Repine, Chapter 6.) Mother Nature, however, has a penchant for being able to make a silk purse from a sow's ear. If one is dealt a bad hand, one must simply make the best of it. After two decades of focusing on the destructive side of free radicals, the last few years have begun to reveal a new and finer perspective on free radical metabolism - a role in regulation of cellular function (see Schulze-Osthoff and Baeuerle, Chapter 2). Evidence from a number of sources suggests that an increase in the oxidative status of cell encourages that cell to grow and divide. Increasing the expression of mangnese superoxide dismutase can suppress the malignant phenotype of melanon cells (see Oberley and Oberley, Chapter 3). Oxidative stress beyond a certain poitosis (from the Greek, literally "to fall apart"). Is this suicide response an evolutionary fail-safe device to curtail tumorogenesis? Does oxidative stress-induced apoptosis account for the loss of immune cells in AIDS (see Flores and McCor Chapter 4)? This volume attempts to present the spectrum of roles, both good and bad played by active oxygen species as understood at this point in the evolution of this field of free radical biology.
Author: J.M. McCord
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080877109
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Get Book Here
Book Description
The rapid expansion of the area of free radical biology in the last 25 years has occurred within a framework of assumptions and preconceived notions that has at times directed the course of this movement. The most dominant of these notions has been the view that free radical production is without exception a bad thing, and that the more efficient our elimination of these toxic substances, the better off we will be. The very important observation by Bernard Babior and colleagues in 1973 that activated phagocytes produce superoxide in order to kill micro organisms, served to illustrate that constructive roles are possible for free radicals. For many in the field, however, this merely underscored the deadly nature of oxygen-derived radicals, both from the microbe's point of view and from the host's as well. (Phagocyte-produced superoxide is responsible in part for the tissue injury manifested as inflammation. See Harris and Granger, Chapter 5, and Leff, Hybertson and Repine, Chapter 6.) Mother Nature, however, has a penchant for being able to make a silk purse from a sow's ear. If one is dealt a bad hand, one must simply make the best of it. After two decades of focusing on the destructive side of free radicals, the last few years have begun to reveal a new and finer perspective on free radical metabolism - a role in regulation of cellular function (see Schulze-Osthoff and Baeuerle, Chapter 2). Evidence from a number of sources suggests that an increase in the oxidative status of cell encourages that cell to grow and divide. Increasing the expression of mangnese superoxide dismutase can suppress the malignant phenotype of melanon cells (see Oberley and Oberley, Chapter 3). Oxidative stress beyond a certain poitosis (from the Greek, literally "to fall apart"). Is this suicide response an evolutionary fail-safe device to curtail tumorogenesis? Does oxidative stress-induced apoptosis account for the loss of immune cells in AIDS (see Flores and McCor Chapter 4)? This volume attempts to present the spectrum of roles, both good and bad played by active oxygen species as understood at this point in the evolution of this field of free radical biology.
Author: Michael Simic
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468455680
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1064
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Book Description
This book is based on the papers presented at the "Fourth International Congress on Oxygen Radicals (4-ICOR)," held June 27 - July 3, 1987, at the University of California, La Jolla. The chapters deal with the phenomena associated with highly reactive oxygen species (hydroxy, peroxy, alkoxy, aroxy, and superoxide radicals, as well as singlet oxygen) and their peroxidation products (hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxides, peroxides, and epoxides) as they relate to the fields of chemistry, food technology, nutrition, biology, pharmacology, and medicine. The kinetics, energetics, and mechanistic aspects of the reactions of these species and the interrelationship of oxygen radicals (or any other free radicals) and peroxidized products have been emphasized. Special attention is focused on the mechanisms of the generation of free radicals and peroxy products in biosystems and on the adverse effects of these radicals and products in humans. The topics span the continuum from the simple chemistry of model systems to the complex considerations of clinical medicine. The book also explores the mechanisms of agents that protect against free radicals and peroxy products in vitro and in vivo. These agents include antioxidants used in materials, food antioxidants, physiological antioxidants, and antioxienzymes (SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalases). The use of these inhibitors to prevent damage to organs being prepared for transplantation, thereby maintaining the quality of transplanted organs and/or extending their "shelf-life," also is examined.
Author: A. Quintanilha
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475704178
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
A NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems: Recent Progress and New Methods of Study" was held in Braga, Portugal between Sep tember 1 and September 14, 1985, in order to consider the basic chemistry and biochem istry of activated oxygen (both radical and non-radical species) and their effect in biolog ical systems. This book summarizes the main lectures given at this meeting. While there is no attempt to cover all the major topics in the expanding subject of oxidative mechanisms in biology, an effort has been made to provide overviews on some key aspects of this field. The authors have attempted to convey a clear picture of both what is known and what remains unclear in their respective subjects. Not only are some of the techniques used for detecting activated oxygen species described, but also their strengths and limi tations. The chemistry of many of these species is discussed and the biological and/or pathological implications are carefully reviewed. The medical and therapeutic aspects of some of the well established pathways of damage and protection are analyzed. It is our hope that the material included in this book might be useful for both researchers and teachers at the graduate level. The success of this meeting was to a large extent due to the tireless committment of Professor Alberto Amaral and Dr. Concei~a:o Rangel; without their outstanding efforts in dealing with all the aspects of the organization, this summer school would not have been possible.
Author: M. A. J. Rodgers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 842
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Book Description
Author: Klaus Ley
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1461475120
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
This book covers the physiological processes relevant to inflammation. It centers on the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection, their function in the tissue and the eventual resolution of inflammation.
Author: Upjohn Company
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
Author: H.J. Forman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461559812
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
In the past few years there has been the increased recognition that the effects of oxidative stress are not limited to the damage of cellular constituents. There is now evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can alter cell function by acting upon the intermediates, or second messengers, in signal transductions. Such effects on signaling mechanisms probably account for the role of oxidative stress in inflammation, aging, and cancer. This volume brings together internationally recognized researchers in both the major areas covered by the book, oxidative stress and signal transduction. The work is organized in three sections. The first deals with the immediate cellular responses to oxidative stress and the production of second messengers. The second details the connection between second messengers and the gene. The third part looks more closely at the level of the gene.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 814
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Book Description
Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Book Description
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Author: R. V. Bensasson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468412248
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Recently there have been major developments in the experimental techniques available for the study of the primary events following the absorption of ultra-violet and visible radiation by biological systems. These techniques, which include absorption, emission, resonance Raman, electron spin resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance and photoacoustic spectroscopies, can be used to study the fate of transient species with lifetimes ranging from seconds to nanoseconds and extending in some cases, such as laser flash photolysis, to pico 12 15 (10- S)- and even femtoseconds (10- s). In parallel with these developments there has been a dramatic increase in the use of light in medicine via the direct photochemical alteration of endogenous molecules (phototherapy) or via the photoactivation of drugs in the skin or other tissue (photochemotherapy). Thus neonatal hyperbili rubinaemia can be routinely treated by phototherapy and psoriasis is frequently treated by PUVA photochemotherapy. A promising new photo chemotherapy used the phototoxicity of porphyrin drugs activated by red light to destroy solid malignant tumors. While some of the overall qualitative effects of such treatments are known, only recently have we begun to understand the associated molecular mechanisms. The primary molecular processes involve short-lived species. The pur pose of this Advanced Study Institute was to review some newer experi mental techniques for the study of such species, the application of these techniques to biological and medical systems and to examine the value of such information in phototherapeutic situations.
