The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Pesticides PDF Download
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Author: Christa Fest
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642978762
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular reference to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly production of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an important example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical develop ment of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus. The utility of the phosphoric acid pesticides is undisputed today - and furthermore it can be expected that they will solve many of the world's nutritional problems" yet from this field of applied research many paths are now leading back into basic research in chemistry, biochemistry, biology and toxicology etc. This clearly illustrates the problem of attempting to define pure and applied research. Originally, this book was conceived for students of chemistry who, on completion of their study, were uncertain about the place of applied research in industry but it was soon clear that such material, when supplemented with further data, would serve as an introduction to the field of pesticidal phosphoric acid compounds for many technicians, officials and scientists who, in various authorities in agriculture, in chemical and biological research, are concerned with the problems of crop protection and more recently with questions of pollution of the environ ment.
Author: Christa Fest
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642978762
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular reference to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly production of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an important example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical develop ment of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus. The utility of the phosphoric acid pesticides is undisputed today - and furthermore it can be expected that they will solve many of the world's nutritional problems" yet from this field of applied research many paths are now leading back into basic research in chemistry, biochemistry, biology and toxicology etc. This clearly illustrates the problem of attempting to define pure and applied research. Originally, this book was conceived for students of chemistry who, on completion of their study, were uncertain about the place of applied research in industry but it was soon clear that such material, when supplemented with further data, would serve as an introduction to the field of pesticidal phosphoric acid compounds for many technicians, officials and scientists who, in various authorities in agriculture, in chemical and biological research, are concerned with the problems of crop protection and more recently with questions of pollution of the environ ment.
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9789283201502
Category : Carcinogens
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of some organophosphate insecticides and herbicides, including diazinon, glyphosate, malathion, parathion, and tetrachlorvinphos. Diazinon acts on a wide range of insects on crops, gardens, livestock, and pets, but most uses have been restricted in the USA, Canada, and the European Union since the 1980s. Glyphosate is the most heavily used agricultural and residential herbicide in the world, and has been detected in soil, air, surface water, and groundwater, as well as in food. Malathion is one of the oldest and most widely used organophosphate insecticides, and has a broad spectrum of applications in agriculture and public health, notably mosquito control. The insecticide parathion has been largely banned or restricted throughout the world due to toxicity to wildlife and humans. Tetrachlorvinphos is banned in the European Union, but continues to be used in the USA and elsewhere as an insecticide on animals, including in pet flea collars. The IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of these agents.
Author: Neil Wilkinson
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781634854504
Category : Organophosphorus compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
At present, organophosphorus compounds (OP) are considered some of the most toxic substances synthesised by man. These compounds are widely used in agriculture, residential gardening and in pest control programs, as well as in veterinary practices of the modern world. The primary toxicity of organophosphates is associated with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the central and peripheral nervous system, resulting in acetylcholine accumulation and consequently disrupted neurotransmission. In this book, Chapter One provides an overview of recent studies regarding toxic effects of organophosphates, the methods of their removal, and detoxification in live organisms. Chapter Two summarizes the results of monitoring agricultural products for the presence of organophosphorus pesticides, putting a special emphasis on potential ways for reduction of their levels. The final chapter focuses specifically on the structural features, applications, toxicity mechanisms and effects of exposure on human health of fenitrothion, a non-systemic organophosphorous insecticide.
Author: Morifusa Eto
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351092200
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 705
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Book Description
In order to get a general concept of organophosphorus pesticides with such a variety in structure and biological activities, consideration of each aspect of chemistry, biochemistry, and the applied sciences is necessary. This book consists of these three main parts. After the presentation of the background of phosphorus chemistry in Chapter 1, stress was put on the chemical and biochemical reactions of organophosphorus pesticides, including synthesis, analysis, metabolism mode of action, and other interesting aspects in Chapter 2 to 4, and on the structure-pesticidal activity relationship in Chapter 5.
Author: C. Fest
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642684416
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Rapid progress in the field of organophosphate compounds has made this new edition necessary. Particular attention has been paid to new developments in biologically active products as this is probably of greatest interest to practical chemists. I have therefore updated the chapter on chemistry and, in connection with this, rewritten the chapter on metabolism. I should especially like to thank Professor Dr. HELLMUT HOFFMANN for his constant encouragement and interest in my work and for many fruitful discus sions. The co-author to the 1st edition, Dr. KARL-JULIUS SCHMIDT, died suddenly on November 21, 1980. I treasure the memory of a valued colleague of many years standing. Elberfeld, January 1982 CHRISTA FEST VII Preface to the First Edition Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular ref erence to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly produc tion of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an im portant example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical development of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus.
Author: J. Routt Reigart
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437914527
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This 5th ed. is an update and expansion of the 1989 4th ed. This EPA manual provides health professionals with information on the health hazards of pesticides currently in use, and current consensus recommendations for management of poisonings and injuries caused by them. As with previous updates, this new ed. incorporates new pesticide products that are not necessarily widely known among health professionals. Contents: (1) General Information: Introduction; General Principles in the Management of Acute Pesticide Poisonings; Environmental and Occupational History; (2) Insecticides; (3) Herbicides; (4) Other Pesticides; (5) Index of Signs and Symptoms; Index of Pesticide Products. Charts and tables.
Author: Anuj Ranjan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030791289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
This book addresses the consequences of high agricultural pesticide use over the last few decades in the form of organophosphate poisoning. The authors provide a background overview of organophosphate compounds, their environmental toxicity, non-target exposures and cases of human poisoning. The authors also compile and analyze data from the last two decades to demonstrate the toxicological aspects of organophosphates, and how they can pose a threat to human health. Readers will learn about the clinical manifestation of organophosphate exposure in humans, as well as the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms by which organophosphates are processed in the body and cause harm. The book concludes by providing techniques, practices and recommendations for how to manage organophosphate exposure and poisoning. It will be useful for clinicians and public health professionals, scientists, medical practitioners, researchers and environmental toxicologists.
Author: Committee on Health Effects Associated with Exposures During the Gulf War
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309171628
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
The men and women who served in the Gulf War theater were potentially exposed to a wide range of biological and chemical agents. Gulf War and Health: Volume 1 assesses the scientific literature concerning the association between these agents and the adverse health effects currently experienced by a large number of veterans.
Author: Morifusa Etō
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Nomenclature. Phosphates. Phosphorothionates. Phosphorothilothionates. Phosphorothiolates. Derivates of phosphoramidic acid. Phosphonates. Hydrolysis. Chemical reactions. Biochemistry. Individual Pesticides.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309048753
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
