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Author: P. Needleman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364266024X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina pectoris. Millions of patients, throughout the world, have placed nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue and have experienced rapid and dramatic relief from the chest pain that frequently occurs as a manifestation of disease of the coronary arteries. The empirical observation of the safe use of nitrates for tile alleviation of the symptoms of angina have led to their widespread medical acceptance. The use of organic nitrates preceded any knowledge of their mechanism of action or their ultimate metabolic fate. Thus, more simply stated, although sub lingual nitrates helped the patients, little was known concerning what these drugs do to the body or what the body does to the drugs. A substantial number of investigators have focused on these questions especially during the last two decades. We now have considerably more insight into the pathways of degradation of organic nitrates and the relationship of the metabolic processes to the biological action of these agents. Similarly, considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents directly on vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac work and performance. Finally, there is a more substantive understanding of the physiology of the coronary circulation as well as the" pathophysiologic manifestations of myocardial disease.
Author: P. Needleman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364266024X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina pectoris. Millions of patients, throughout the world, have placed nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue and have experienced rapid and dramatic relief from the chest pain that frequently occurs as a manifestation of disease of the coronary arteries. The empirical observation of the safe use of nitrates for tile alleviation of the symptoms of angina have led to their widespread medical acceptance. The use of organic nitrates preceded any knowledge of their mechanism of action or their ultimate metabolic fate. Thus, more simply stated, although sub lingual nitrates helped the patients, little was known concerning what these drugs do to the body or what the body does to the drugs. A substantial number of investigators have focused on these questions especially during the last two decades. We now have considerably more insight into the pathways of degradation of organic nitrates and the relationship of the metabolic processes to the biological action of these agents. Similarly, considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents directly on vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac work and performance. Finally, there is a more substantive understanding of the physiology of the coronary circulation as well as the" pathophysiologic manifestations of myocardial disease.
Author: Ernst van Faassen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080489591
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Radicals for Life: the Various Forms of Nitric Oxide provides an up-to-date overview of the role of nitrosocompounds and nitrosyl-iron complexes in physiology. Nitrosocompounds can be considered as stabilised forms of nitric oxide, one of the most important regulatory molecules in physiology today. Many nitrosocompounds share some of the physiological functions of nitric oxide, and may be formed inside living organisms. This is the first book to be published that is dedicated to the role of such nitrosocompounds in physiology, with particular emphasis on the nitrosocompounds that are endogenously formed in higher organisms and humans. Points of discussion include: physical and chemical properties of the compounds, the main chemical pathways in vivo, as well as the physiological effects that have been recognised to date. Each of the nineteen chapters is written by distinguished specialists in the field, well known for their original and important contributions to the subject. Also included are results from a wide range of studies in vitro, in cell cultures, animal models and human volunteers. Examples of alternative forms of nitric oxide, with special emphasis on their protective role against widespread human diseases like atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, sexual dysfunction, and renal insufficiency to stroke and ischemia are also included. - First monograph to consider and provide an overview of endogenous nitrosocompounds and nitrosyl-iron complexes - Extensive bibliographic references, written by specialists of human physiology - Providing high scientific quality with a focus on implications for human diseases
Author: A. V. Topchiev
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483184382
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Nitration of Hydrocarbons and Other Organic Compounds tackles various concerns in the process of substituting hydrogen atoms in the aromatic or heterocyclic nucleus, or in saturated hydrocarbon, by nitro groups. The title first covers the nitration of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds with nitric acid and nitrating mixture, and then proceeds to discussing the mechanism of the nitration of aromatic compounds with nitric acid and nitrating mixture. Next, the selection deals with the nitration of saturated, aromatic-aliphatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons with nitric acid. The text also talks about the nitration with nitrogen oxides, along with the nitration of amines. The last chapter details the nitration of organic compounds with organic and inorganic nitrates and nitroxyl. The book will be of great interest to students, researchers, and practitioners of organic chemistry.
Author: Ralf Koppmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470994150
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Author: Peng George Wang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527603840
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Nitric oxide is a highly potent regulatory molecule with great pharmaceutical potential. This handbook fills a real gap in combining the chemistry of nitric oxide releasing substances with their practical applications in biology and drug design. It covers all classes of nitric oxide donors, from organic nitrates to nitroso compounds, guanidines and metal-NO complexes. In addition to a detailed treatment of the chemistry of NO donors, numerous examples of successful diagnostic and pharmacological applications are discussed, as well as further therapeutic targets for these substances.
Author: Charles M. Selwitz
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 0892360984
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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Book Description
This report attempts to isolate and separately examine each of the factors known to lead to cellulose nitrate decomposition, and then relate their contribution to the instability of the polymer when it is used as a bonding agent for ceramics and as a lacquer for metal objects. These factors include deterioration caused by heat, radiation, or acid impurities, or through the loss of plasticizer. There is, moreover, decomposition caused autocatalytically by the initial breakdown products. In particular, the publication examines new information on chemical changes under ambient conditions that has been developed recently through advances in analytical procedures such as chemiluminescence, X-ray scanning spectroscopy (ESCA), and more sophisticated viscometry. This new information will be added to the large body of data, collected over the past 150 years, on the instability of cellulose nitrate under more severe conditions.
Author: Darius Rastegar
Publisher:
ISBN: 0197506178
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
The book is a practical guide to caring for individuals with substance use disorder. Written for generalists and non-addiction specialists, this new edition emphasizes compassionate, non-stigmatizing, patient-focused care.
Author: Istvan Bogardi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642760406
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
The nitrate content of drinking water is rising at an alarming rate in several regions of NATO countries and elsewhere in the world. The increase is due to lack of proper sewage treatment, and primarily to excess fertilizer application. Also, eutrophication in several coastal areas is triggered by high nitrate concentrations. The main purpose of this book is to integrate scientific knowledge related to exposure assessment, health consequences and control of nitrate contamination in water. The motivation is related to the magnitude, the possible adverse health effects, and the high cost of control ling nitrate contamination. Future research tasks are defined by an interaction among hydro logists, toxicologists and environmental engineers in an integrated framework for nitrate risk management. The target readership of this book is a mix of university colleagues, practitioners from both the private and public sectors and advanced graduate students working with the hydrological, health science or environmental engineering aspects of nitrate contamination. The main conclusions include: 1. For risk assessment purposes, knowledge and sufficiently accurate models are available to predict nitrate load and its fate in water under changes in land use. 2. Once agricultural exposure controls are implemented, the response times in ground water may be so long as to make controls unrealistic. 3. It is still unknown whether agricultural best management practice is a compromise between nitrate risk reduction and agricultural revenue. 4. The current drinking water guidelines of 10 mg/L NOrN need not be changed.
Author: Hoyt Stoddard Gale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrates
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Elliott M. Antman
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1455737372
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 833
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Book Description
Manage cardiovascular problems more effectively with the most comprehensive resource available! A trusted companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 4th Edition addresses pharmacological, interventional, and surgical management approaches for each type of cardiovascular disease. This practical and clinically focused cardiology reference offers a balanced, complete approach to all of the usual and unusual areas of cardiovascular disease and specific therapies in one concise volume, equipping you to make the best choices for every patient. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader with intuitive search tools and adjustable font sizes. Elsevier eBooks provide instant portable access to your entire library, no matter what device you're using or where you're located. Understand current approaches to treating and managing cardiovascular patients for long-term health, for complex problems, and for unusual cardiac events. Benefit from the substantial experience of Elliott M. Antman, MD, Marc S. Sabatine, MD, and a host of other respected authorities, who provide practical, evidence-based rationales for all of today's clinical therapies. Expand your knowledge beyond pharmacologic interventions with complete coverage of the most effective interventional and device therapies being used today. Easily reference Braunwald's Heart Disease, 9th Edition for further information on topics of interest. Make the best use of the latest genetic and molecular therapies as well as advanced therapies for heart failure. Cut right to the answers you need with an enhanced focus on clinically relevant information and a decreased emphasis on pathophysiology. Stay current with ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines and the best ways to implement them in clinical practice. Get an enhanced visual perspective with an all-new, full-color design throughout.
