Optimum Mixing Design of Xanthan and Gellan Treated Soils for Slope Stabilization for Weathered Shales and Glacial Tills in Nebraska PDF Download
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Author: Layal Bitar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gums
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
Verdigre located in North Eastern Nebraska experienced slope failures that occurred in the rural areas south and southeast of the city. The geological formations of theses slopes largely consist of several layers of weathered shales and glacial tills. Weathered shales consist mainly of clay minerals while glacial tills are a mixture of clays, silts, and sands. It is believed that the weathering process reduced the shear strength of the soils leading to slope failures. In this study, strength characteristics of Xanthan gum and Gellan gum treated soil specimens compacted at the optimum moisture content for field application were investigated so that the biopolymer treated soils may be properly used to stabilize the slopes. The untreated and treated samples were subjected to a wet-freeze(-6oF)- thaw(167oF)-dry weathering process up to 8 cycles, then sheared by the direct shear device to investigate the effects of weathering on the strength characteristics of compacted soils samples. Some of the important findings are as follows. • Increasing Xanthan gum and Gellan gum concentrations increased the shear strength of the glacial tills and weathered shales. Xanthan gum was more effective than Gellan gum in both soils. • For untreated and treated glacial tills and weathered shales, the shear strength of the soils decreased as the number of the weathering cycles increased. However, the shear strength reduction from 4 cycles to 8 cycles was insignificant. • The shear strength of the treated glacial tills and weathered shales mixed with 1.5% of Xanthan gum at 8 weathering cycles was 88% and 83% of the untreated unweathered ones, respectively. That might indicate the sustained long-term stability achieved by stabilizing the soils using Xanthan gum. • The effect of using a biopolymer content higher than 1.5% on the shear strength of the glacial tills and weathered shales was not apparent at higher weathering cycles • Xanthan gum and Gellan gum were more effective in glacial tills than in weathered shales.
Author: Layal Bitar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gums
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
Verdigre located in North Eastern Nebraska experienced slope failures that occurred in the rural areas south and southeast of the city. The geological formations of theses slopes largely consist of several layers of weathered shales and glacial tills. Weathered shales consist mainly of clay minerals while glacial tills are a mixture of clays, silts, and sands. It is believed that the weathering process reduced the shear strength of the soils leading to slope failures. In this study, strength characteristics of Xanthan gum and Gellan gum treated soil specimens compacted at the optimum moisture content for field application were investigated so that the biopolymer treated soils may be properly used to stabilize the slopes. The untreated and treated samples were subjected to a wet-freeze(-6oF)- thaw(167oF)-dry weathering process up to 8 cycles, then sheared by the direct shear device to investigate the effects of weathering on the strength characteristics of compacted soils samples. Some of the important findings are as follows. • Increasing Xanthan gum and Gellan gum concentrations increased the shear strength of the glacial tills and weathered shales. Xanthan gum was more effective than Gellan gum in both soils. • For untreated and treated glacial tills and weathered shales, the shear strength of the soils decreased as the number of the weathering cycles increased. However, the shear strength reduction from 4 cycles to 8 cycles was insignificant. • The shear strength of the treated glacial tills and weathered shales mixed with 1.5% of Xanthan gum at 8 weathering cycles was 88% and 83% of the untreated unweathered ones, respectively. That might indicate the sustained long-term stability achieved by stabilizing the soils using Xanthan gum. • The effect of using a biopolymer content higher than 1.5% on the shear strength of the glacial tills and weathered shales was not apparent at higher weathering cycles • Xanthan gum and Gellan gum were more effective in glacial tills than in weathered shales.
Author: Krishna R. Reddy
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811697442
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
The edited book comprises invited book chapter contributions from global experts in the field of sustainable materials and resilient infrastructure. The book covers the most critical and emerging topics for creating sustainable solutions for the construction industry, promoting the technologies and monitoring methods for resilient infrastructure. It focuses on sustainable solutions and offers techniques and methodologies to deliver high-quality end solutions in civil engineering. In addition, the content provides knowledge-based information for the readers to assess, monitor, measure, and practice sustainability for resilient infrastructure. The contents of the volume are a blend of academic research work and industrial case studies. It covers the use of sustainable materials like Lime-Pozzolona Binders, biopolymers, lignosulphonate, lightweight aggregates made from fly ash, calcinated clay, paper ash, and limestone as amendments/ameliorators for soil remediation, development of neo-construction materials and composites for civil engineering applications. Design of innovative pavements using alkali activation and pervious concrete for sustainable infrastructure is also discussed. The chapters also highlight the role of civil engineers in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals, promoting climate change design for urban landscapes, and modelling building energy demand. This book is framed to address the principles and practice from the corners of geoenvironment, sustainable construction materials, low carbon materials, energy efficiency, and waste management. It is a valuable reference for faculty, researchers, field experts, scientists, and practicing engineers.
Author: Jolanta B. Krolczyk
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783039437641
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
This book is a collection of original research and review papers that report on the state of the art and recent advancements in food and agriculture engineering, such as sustainable production and food technology. Encompassed within are applications in food and agriculture engineering, biosystem engineering, plant and animal production engineering, food and agricultural processing engineering, storing industry, economics and production management and agricultural farms management, agricultural machines and devices, and IT for agricultural engineering and ergonomics in agriculture.
Author: Dilfuza Egamberdieva
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811303290
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Book Description
This book explores various aspects of thermophilic and halophilic microbes from Eurasian ecosystems, which have proved to offer a unique reservoir of genetic diversity and biological source of extremophiles. It also covers the biotechnological uses of extremophiles, and their potential use in agricultural and industrial applications. The topics addressed include but are not limited to: diversity and microbial ecology, microbe-environment interactions, adaptation and evolution, element cycling and biotechnological applications of thermophiles and halophiles in Eurasian ecosystems. In order to review the progress made in biology and biotechnological applications of thermophiles and halophiles, the book combines review papers and results of original research from various specialists and authorities in the field. It includes several chapters describing the microbial diversity and ecology of geothermal springs distributed among the territory of various Eurasian countries, such as Armenia, Bulgaria, China, Georgia, India, Italy, Pakistan and Turkey. A dedicated chapter discusses selected aspects of thermophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria isolated from mining sites (sulfide ores); detailed descriptions of various thermophile microbes isolated from high-temperature environments and their biotechnological potential are also provided. Subsequent chapters describe the diversity and ecology of halophilic microbes harbored in saline and hypersaline lakes in Iran, Turkey and China; soil and plant microbiomes in saline arid lands of Uzbekistan; microbial diversity in Asian deserts; and the potential applications of thermophilic and halophilic microbes as exopolysaccharide (EPS) producers, focusing on the chemistry and applications of the EPS they produce. We hope that this book will prove valuable as an up-to-date overview of the current state of research on Eurasian extremophiles in general and thermophiles and halophiles in particular. Many questions remain unanswered, and we hope that it will stimulate further studies in this intriguing and promising field.
Author: Raul Fangueiro
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 940177515X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
This book collects selected high quality articles submitted to the 2nd International Conference on Natural Fibers (ICNF2015). A wide range of topics is covered related to various aspects of natural fibres such as agriculture, extraction and processing, surface modification and functionalization, advanced structures, nano fibres, composites and nanocomposites, design and product development, applications, market potential, and environmental impact. Divided into separate sections on these various topics, the book presents the latest high quality research work addressing different approaches and techniques to improve processing, performance, functionalities and cost-effectiveness of natural fibre and natural based products, in order to promote their applications in various advanced technical sectors. This book is a useful source of information for materials scientists, teachers and students from various disciplines as well as for R& D staff in industries using natural fibre based materials.
Author: Sandra Knowles Weller
Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited
ISBN: 9781904455769
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Alphaherpesviruses are a fascinating group of DNA viruses that includes important human pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV): the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/shingles, respectively. A key attribute of these viruses is their ability to establish lifelong latent infection in the peripheral nervous system of the host. Such persistence requires subversion of the host's immune system and intrinsic antiviral defense mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of the immune evasion and what triggers viral reactivation is a major challenge for today's researchers. This has prompted enormous research efforts into understanding the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses. This up-to-date and comprehensive volume aims to distill the most important research in this area providing a timely overview of the field. Topics covered include: transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, translational control, virus entry and capsid assembly, the role of microRNAs in infection and oncolytic vectors for cancer therapy. In addition there is coverage of virus-host interactions, including apoptosis, subversion of host protein quality control and DNA damage response pathways, autophagy, establishment and reactivation from latency, interferon responses, immunity and vaccine development. Essential reading for everyone working with alphaherpesviruses and of interest to all virologists working on latent infections.
Author: Stephanie Davidson
Publisher: Sourcebooks, Inc.
ISBN: 1402231148
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
More Joy in Your Job! People expect more out of their work now - not just a steady paycheck, but satisfaction and an opportunity to make a difference with others. Stephanie Goddard Davidson, author of 101 Ways to Have a Great Day at Work now shows you how to take your job and love it! Easy to read and even easier to use, this power-packed little book will help you transform your work experience: Techniques for career enjoyment through improving your skills and changing your perceptions How what you wear can affect your internal motivation and shift your point of view to promote career happiness Breakthrough techniques for doing your best work Coaching yourself into a meaningful career Developing your best work in only minutes a day Surpassing expectations - your bosses' and your own People skills and self-management In her signature easy-to-read and easy-to-use style, Stephanie Davidson has written another book that will transform the workplace. PRAISE FOR 101 WAYS TO HAVE A GREAT DAY AT WORK "A collection of simple yet powerful ideas to turn every workday into a great workday." Jeff Anderson, Vice President of Product Management, Franklin Covey "What a difference this book has made in my day-to-day productivity and stress levels." Tricia Mathes, Vice President, NPS Staffing
Author: Antonio Ventosa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366207656X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
Various groups of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, algae and even fungi - have adapted to a life in a hypersaline environment. Halophilic Microorganisms explores the many-fold aspects of life under these extreme conditions. Several contributions analyze the microbial communities in different hypersaline environments such as salterns, soda lakes, and the Dead Sea or salt sediments. Reviews of their biodiversity, phylogeny, and genetics are given as well as of the diverse adaptation strategies of salt-tolerant or salt-requiring microorganisms. Microorganisms that have adapted to moderate salt concentrations or to habitats with drastic fluctuations are also treated in addition to the extreme halophiles. Their physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms developed in response to salinity and high osmotic pressure as well as current and future biotechnological applications are presented.
Author: R. Navanietha Krishnaraj
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498722059
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Energy is one of the prime needs of the modern world, and energy demands have been rapidly increasing in the recent years owing to rapid advancements in industrialization and population explosion. Conventional fossil fuels are being depleted at rapid rates, and the use of conventional sources such as coal or nuclear sources cause several hazards to
Author: T.D. Brock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461262844
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
From 1965 through 1975, I conducted an extensive field and laboratory research project on thermophilic microorganisms. The field work was based primarily in Yellowstone National Park, using a field laboratory we set up in the city of W. Yellowstone, Montana. The laboratory work was carried out from 1965 through 1971 at Indiana University, Bloomington, and subsequently at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Although this research project began small, it quickly ramified in a wide variety of directions. The major thrust was an attempt to understand the ecology and evolutionary relationships of thermophilic microorganisms, but research also was done on biochemical, physiologic, and taxonomic aspects of thermophiles. Four new genera of thermophilic microorganisms have been discovered during the course of this 10-year period, three in my laboratory. In addition, a large amount of new information has been obtained on some thermophilic microorganisms that previously had been known. In later years, a considerable amount of work was done on Yellowstone algal bacterial mats as models for Precambrian stromatolites. In the broadest sense, the work could be considered geomicrobiological, or biogeochemi cal, and despite the extensive laboratory research carried out, the work was always firmly rooted in an attempt to understand thermophilic microorga nisms in their natural environments. Indeed, one of the prime motivations for initiating this work was a view that extreme environments would provide useful models for studying the ecology of microorganisms. As a result of this 10-year research project, I published over 100 papers.
