Optimizing the Nutritional Management of the Dairy Cow Grazing Improved Tropical Pasture PDF Download
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Author: Paul G. Jennings, Ph.d.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781974524242
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
In respect of milk production from improved tropical pasture, it has been 'settled law' that: 1. Tropical pastures, by virtue of their greater photosynthetic capacity, are capable of twice out-yielding temperate systems in respect of annual tonnage of herbage production; thus establishing a platform for at least matching temperate countries in year round milk yield per hectare; 2. In sustaining unsupplemented individual yields of the order of 4000 litres per cow per year, the empirical evidence clearly supported the possibility of sustained international competitiveness in milk production by developing countries; 3. The key to the sustained transformation of this potential into economic advantage lay in developing a clear understanding of the dynamics at the 'sward-animal interface'. The interposing of the serially-discredited economic theory of 'Comparative Advantage' as the basis for global trading and economic relationships, effectively truncated the progress toward constructing a solid knowledge base as the foundation for sustained competitive advantage in milk production by developing countries; even as respected reviewers were systematically ignoring the supporting evidence generated by research over the past 60 years. Thanks to the innovativeness of Brazilian researchers, we are now at the juncture where the long accepted potential of tropical pastures for competitive milk production can now be transformed into sustained economic value. This work seeks to cohere the several strands of grassland research of the past five to six decades, into a template for optimizing the nutrition of the high-yielding grazing dairy cow on improved tropical pasture to the advantage of the peoples of the Caribbean tropics and beyond
Author: Paul G. Jennings, Ph.d.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781974524242
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
Get Book Here
Book Description
In respect of milk production from improved tropical pasture, it has been 'settled law' that: 1. Tropical pastures, by virtue of their greater photosynthetic capacity, are capable of twice out-yielding temperate systems in respect of annual tonnage of herbage production; thus establishing a platform for at least matching temperate countries in year round milk yield per hectare; 2. In sustaining unsupplemented individual yields of the order of 4000 litres per cow per year, the empirical evidence clearly supported the possibility of sustained international competitiveness in milk production by developing countries; 3. The key to the sustained transformation of this potential into economic advantage lay in developing a clear understanding of the dynamics at the 'sward-animal interface'. The interposing of the serially-discredited economic theory of 'Comparative Advantage' as the basis for global trading and economic relationships, effectively truncated the progress toward constructing a solid knowledge base as the foundation for sustained competitive advantage in milk production by developing countries; even as respected reviewers were systematically ignoring the supporting evidence generated by research over the past 60 years. Thanks to the innovativeness of Brazilian researchers, we are now at the juncture where the long accepted potential of tropical pastures for competitive milk production can now be transformed into sustained economic value. This work seeks to cohere the several strands of grassland research of the past five to six decades, into a template for optimizing the nutrition of the high-yielding grazing dairy cow on improved tropical pasture to the advantage of the peoples of the Caribbean tropics and beyond
Author: Elieder Romanzini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The increasing demand of meat requires the adoption of sustainable intensification livestock systems, applying nutritional strategies to reduce any negative contribution from beef cattle to global warming and, at the same time, to increase animal performance and productive efficiency. The pasture management practices and feed supplementation, mainly using non-edible feed with less costs, could minimize environmental and social impacts, resulting in higher productivity with less inputs utilization. Tropical grass submitted to grazing management according to plant height present high soluble protein and low levels of indigestible neutral detergent fiber contents. Energy or rumen undegradable protein supplementation, associated to alternative additives to antibiotics effects, such as probiotics, tannin, essential oils and saponin, can help to fully exploit the animal genetic potential and nutrient utilization efficiency, which decreases greenhouse gases emissions and improves animal performance. Hence, more information about these tools can make the livestock systems in tropical pasture more efficient and eco-friendlier.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 032313887X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
From the PrefaceThe objective of this book is to review the basic knowledge and methodology of feeding grazing ruminants in tropical and semitropical countries. It is hoped this information will be of use to farmers, research specialists, teachers, students, extension specialists, feed manufacturers, and others throughout the world concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. A unique feature is the identification of nutritional limitations of grazing ruminants in the tropics, which will be beneficial for increasing animal production efficiency through the application of improved nutrition. A large number of photographs illustrate nutritional deficiencies and conditions in tropical countries.This book contains 18 chapters concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. The first chapter deals with the contributions, locations, and various types of ruminants and their importance to human welfare in the tropics and subtropics. Chapters 2 - 4 progress through nutrient requirements of grazing ruminants in warm climates, the effects of tropical heat on these requirements, and water requirements for ruminant species. Chapters 5 - 7 discuss grass and legume forage species suitable for tropical regions, pasture management procedures, and energy-protein supplementation programs needed during the extensive dry periods. The importance of tropical forages and soils toward meeting mineral requirements is discussed in Chapter 8. Chapters 9 -14 contain concise, up-to-date summaries of minerals emphasizing mineral status, incidence of mineral deficiencies and excesses in tropical regions, and benefits and methods of mineral supplementation for grazing ruminants are discussed in Chapters 15 - 17. Chapter 18 reviews vitamin nutrition considerations for ruminants consuming tropical forages.
Author: Andrew W. Speedy
Publisher: Bernan Press(PA)
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Author: Fuller W. Bazer
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128170530
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Animal Agriculture: Sustainability, Challenges and Innovations discusses the land-based production of high-quality protein by livestock and poultry and how it plays an important role in improving human nutrition, growth and health. With exponential growth of the global population and marked rises in meat consumption per capita, demands for animal-source protein are expected to increase 72% between 2013 and 2050. This raises concerns about the sustainability and environmental impacts of animal agriculture. An attractive solution to meeting increasing needs for animal products and mitigating undesirable effects of agricultural practices is to enhance the efficiency of animal growth, reproduction, and lactation. Currently, there is no resource that offers specific knowledge of both animal science and technology, including biotechnology for the sustainability of animal agriculture for the expanding global demand of food in the face of diminishing resources. This book fills that gap, giving readers all the necessary information on important issues facing modern animal agriculture, namely its sustainability, challenges and innovative solutions. - Integrates new knowledge in animal breeding, biotechnology, nutrition, reproduction and management - Addresses the urgent issue of sustainability in modern animal agriculture - Provides practical solutions on how to solve the current and future problems that face animal agriculture worldwide
Author:
Publisher: Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Author: Michael Dineen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Pasture-based diets can comprise completely of human inedible ingredients, support a resilient business model for the producer, and an animal welfare friendly image. However, increasing environmental challenges will require pasture-based systems to adapt and innovate. To ascertain optimal nutritional strategies to increase the nutrient use efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of these systems, a robust understanding of the nutrient supply from pasture is required. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: 1) to characterize the nutritive value of pasture using new and updated feed chemistry methods, 2) provide a more robust understanding of nutrient supply and microbial dynamics in lactating dairy cows fed pasture-based diets, 3) incorporate new understanding of protozoal dynamics into the microbial sub-model of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) v7.0, and 4) investigate nutritional strategies to optimize productivity from pasture-based systems. Results from laboratory analysis demonstrated that the neutral detergent fiber fraction of immature pasture comprises of a large potentially digestible pool that degrades rapidly. In addition, a large proportion of pasture N was estimated to be soluble and highly degradable in the rumen. An in vivo study was performed to determine the effects of rolled barley supplementation on cows fed pasture-based diets, which incorporated the omasal sampling technique, rumen evacuation, microbial isolation, and amino acid (AA) analysis. Cows supplemented with rolled barley did not increase overall performance and reduced ruminal and total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility; however, this was not mediated through a reduction in reticulorumen pH. Rolled barley supplementation increased microbial AA flow, which was likely due to the greater amount of fermentable carbohydrate digested in the rumen and a greater efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Extensive rumen degradation of pasture AA, for both diets, indicated that cows consuming pasture-based diets exhibit a large dependence on microbial AA to support metabolizable AA supply. Protozoa N flow was not affected by diet; however, protozoa supplied a much larger amount of microbial N and exhibited shorter generation time than previously assumed, indicating that protozoa have the capability to grow and leave the rumen at high rates. Reparameterization of the coefficients of the protozoal sub-model in the CNCPS v7.0 considerable improved the ability of the model to predict AA flow, when compared with a literature data set. However, discrepancies between the predicted and observed Met and Lys flows indicated that further refinement is required while all other AA are predicted with fairly high accuracy. Finally, when investigating nutritional strategies to optimize productivity from pasture-based diets, results demonstrated that increased metabolizable protein supply allowed higher milk yield to be achieved, as metabolizable protein was more limiting than metabolizable energy. However, the high soil moisture deficit experienced during the study altered the chemical composition of the pasture, reducing the ability to extrapolate the results to cows consuming typical pasture-based diets. Overall, this research provides an enhanced understanding of the nutrient supply from pasture-based diets and highlights opportunities to increase the productivity and efficiency of pasture-based systems. Future studies incorporating the quantitative techniques described in this research are required to provide further insight into the nutrient supply of pasture-fed cows.
Author: Rebecca Doyle
Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN: 1486301622
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
The aim of this manual is to improve the welfare of dairy cattle in tropical developing countries, and by doing so, optimise cow and herd performance. It gives the stockmen and farmers directly concerned with the cattle a better understanding of animal behaviour and the ways cattle communicate their comfort or distress. The book discusses normal cattle behaviour and shows how domestication and breeding can affect behaviour to achieve high levels of production of milk, live weight gain and fertility. Animal welfare is important for producers because it can affect the health, production and contentment of cows. Animal welfare practices which adversely affect cow and herd performance on tropical small holder dairy farms are identified. Advice is then given to change the animal's environment or modify a handler's technique to ensure cattle have the degree of comfort needed to achieve more profitable and sustainable systems of livestock farming. Cow Talk will be a beneficial resource for farmers who want to improve animal welfare, farm advisers who can assist farmers to improve their welfare practices, educators who develop training programs for farmers and dairy advisers, and other stakeholders in tropical dairy production such as local agribusiness, policy makers and research scientists.
Author: John Hodgson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
This text considers grazing management from the viewpoint of the ecology of grazing systems and focuses on the interrelationships between plant and animal populations which affect the stability of such systems, and the output of animal products from them. Relates the steps in the production process to the grassy surface characteristics that influence plant and animal behavior and uses these relationships to create a practical framework for management decisions.
Author: John Jay Goldberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
