Optimizing Soybean Yield and Quality Through Planting Date and Maturity Group Selection in North Carolina PDF Download
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Author: Tristan C. Morris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Author: Tristan C. Morris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Author: Thomas Bernard Siler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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The practice of early-season soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] planting has been increasing in the northern US. However, a wide range of planting dates (PDs) are still implemented due to poor soil conditions, inclement weather, equipment restrictions, crop rotation, and operation size. Information regarding how soybean management decisions should be adjusted based on PD is lacking in Michigan and other northern US regions. This research was conducted to identify how optimal soybean seeding rate (SR), seed treatment (ST) use, and variety maturity group (MG) selection is determined by PD. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Michigan during the 2018 and 2019 growing season. In the first experiment, soybean was planted at five SRs, between 123,553 and 518,921 seeds ha−1, with or without a ST, on four PDs (late-April to late-June). In the second experiment, six soybean MGs, between 1.0 and 3.5, were planted on four PDs (late-April to late-June). The use of a ST did not improve yield or net returns in this study. When soybean was planted before mid-May, seed yield and net returns were maximized by planting a late MG (≥ 3.0) at a SR between 187,660 and 201,451 seeds ha−1. The optimal SR between the mid-May and early-June PDs was between 220,301 and 265,305 seeds ha−1 and MG selection had less influence on seed yield compared to earlier PDs. When planting was delayed to late-June, using an early MG (≤ 2.5) resulted in the optimal yield and the optimal SR was > 330,000. Results from this study show that soybean yield, quality, and net returns can be improved by adjusting management practices based on PD.
Author: Adam Paul Gaspar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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As soybeans have become a major U.S. crop and key component in different cropping systems over the past half century, advancements in breeding and production practices have shown gains in yield and economic profitability for producers. Important production considerations included soil fertility, proper maturity group (MG) selection, and planting date. In southern Wisconsin, maximum yields are reduced by 21.2 kg ha-1 day-1 after May 10th (Gaspar and Conley, 2015). Growers have realized this effect and gradually shifted their soybean planting earlier. However, some believe that while producers are planting earlier and experiencing a longer growing season, they have not adequately adjusted their soybean MG’s. Coincident with earlier planting dates is the increased risk of sub-optimal stands and the need for replanting some years. Proper replanting methods (fill-in) and optimal final plant stands (>247,000 plants ha-1) have been determined by Gaspar and Conley (2015) but again, the proper MG to use in replant or essentially late planting scenarios to maximize yield and avoid fall frost damage is unclear. This document provides data demonstrating the importance of MG selection and the negative impact of delayed planting in the Northern Corn Belt. Economically and environmentally sustainable soil fertility programs are a necessity for modern soybean production systems. Unfortunately, soybean nutrient uptake and partitioning models are primarily built from work conducted in the early 1960’s with obsolete soybean genetics and production practices (Hanway and Weber, 1971a; Hanway and Weber, 1971b). Since the 1960’s, yields have nearly doubled to 2906 kg ha-1 in 2013 (USDA-NASS, 2014b) and soybean physiology has been altered with approximately one additional week of reproductive growth (Rowntree et al., 2014) and greater harvest index’s (HI) (Kumudini et al., 2001) for currently cultivated varieties. More precise and accurate estimates have the potential to increase grower profitability by applying only what the crop needs while possibly decreasing the environmental impact in terms of nutrient loads in the Mississippi watershed, which accounts for more than 90% of all US soybean acres (USDA-ERS, 2014). This document highlights large changes in nutrient uptake, partitioning, and removal of current soybean genetics and production practices.
Author: Mengxuan Hu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract: Planting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of late planting date, management system, and maturity group on the growth, development and seed yield of maturity group VII and VIII soybean under dry land conditions in the Southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Plant growth and development, seed yield, yield components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were evaluated throughout the season. These experiments were conducted in South Carolina at the Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville and the Pee Dee Research and Education Center near Florence. Soybean was planted at four weekly intervals starting on 15-June in both 2011 and 2012. Pioneer 97M50 (a MG VII determinate variety) and Prichard Roundup Ready (a MG VIII determinate variety) were selected based on their adaptation to the Southeast. The two management systems were: a strip-till (ST) system using a John Deere MaxEmerge Vaccum planter + Unverferth 300 strip till with 96-cm row spacing and a drilled no-till (NT) planting system with 19-cm row spacing. Plant growth was evaluated based on leaf area index (LAI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and plant height (HT). Plant development was calculated based on the duration (days) of growth stages. Growth stages were recorded weekly from 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. The beginning of each stage was determined when at least 50% of plants were at that stage. Overall, planting after 22 June appeared to reduce seed yield. The ST system increased the seed yield compared to the drilled NT system. Yields were greater for the MG VIII variety than the MG VII variety. LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4 were generally reduced with delayed planting dates. Later planting shortened the duration of both vegetative and reproductive growth stages for both MG VII and VIII soybeans. Shortened duration of vegetative growth and seed filling period might have contributed most to the lower yields observed in delayed planting dates. Planting date did not affect either protein or oil concentration. Protein concentration in the seed was found to be significantly higher and oil concentration lower in soybean grown in the ST system than in the drilled NT system. Positive correlations were found between: seed yield and LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4; seed yield and duration of vegetative and seed filling growth period; and seed yield and dry weight of each plant part (branches, stems, petioles, leaves, and pods).
Author: Alexandre Stefani Barreiro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Author: Ahmet Eren
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: Carrie Catherine Ortel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crop rotation
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Little is known about the effects of soybean (Glycine max L.) management techniques on soil-nitrogen (N) credit development and its impact on the subsequent rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop's success. This study was conducted to determine how soybean maturity group (MG) and planting date effect overall soybean productivity and its influence on the following rice crop. Various soybean planting dates (optimum and late) and MGs (3.5, 4.7, 5.4, and 5.6) were grown and followed in rotation with a rice crop. Six rates of pre-flood fertilizer-N (0, 44, 89, 134, 179, 224 kg N ha-1) were applied to the rice crop. Soybean grain yield was significantly different amongst MGs in both 2016 (P = 0.0012) and 2017 (P = 0.0004), with the 4.7 relative MG consistently yielding the highest. Soybean total N uptake (TNU) increased with increasing grain yield (P = 0.0167) when all site years were analyzed together. The net N returned to the soil through biomass residue was not significantly influenced by planting date (P = 0.7796) or MG (P = 0.3475).The rice grown in clay soil produced a higher grain yield when following a 5.4 MG soybean (P
Author: Alexandre Stefani Barreiro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Increased soybean commodity prices and high-yielding cultivars have instigated producers to expand soybean production outside traditional regions. Introduction of soybean to relatively new areas such as the Southern Great Plains, has created the need for management practices unique to the region to exploit full yield potential in these environments. Oklahoma soybean production, for instance, frequently results in low yields due its adverse environmental conditions, along with common late-plantings, as a double crop following wheat harvest. Due to soybean photoperiod sensitivity, delayed planting leads to a shortened vegetative growth period, which potentially reduces seed yield. The influence of management practices, such as seeding rate, row spacing, maturity group selection, starter and foliar fertilization, irrigation, and the use of long juvenile soybean lines, on late-planted soybean yields has not yet been evaluated in the Southern Great Plains. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of these specific management strategies on late-planted soybean yields and their potential adoption in the Southern Great Plains to minimize yield losses in these late production systems. Four different field studies were established on late plantings in Oklahoma as followed by numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4: 1) Four seeding rates ranging from 198,000 to 383,000 seeds ha-1, three row spacings (19, 38, and 76 cm) and two maturity groups (4.8 and 5.6) under rainfed conditions. Seed yield, plant population, canopy cover, and partial economic return were analyzed. Seed yield was not affected by seeding density, but yield results for 38 and 76 cm row spacings showed slight advantage to 19 cm rows. Partial economic return of 38 and 76 cm rows ranged from 13 to 25% greater than 19 cm row spacing, with the greatest returns at the lowest seeding densities. 2) Three soybean lines from maturity group (MG) 6, 7, and 8 carrying the long juvenile trait (LJ) were compared to three high-yielding varieties from MG 3, 4, and 5, in four planting dates from late-May to late-June. Vegetative growth period, canopy cover, seed yield, and seed quality were evaluated. Long juvenile soybean lines had greater growth but similar yields compared to non LJ varieties, due to the extended growth period overlapping early reproductive stages diminishing seed production potential. 3) Fertilization strategies including two starter and four foliar treatments were compared to a control treatment with no fertilizer applied. Starter or foliar treatments resulted in no seed yield differences compared to control treatment. 4) Soybean from MGs 4.8 and 5.6 were sown in 19 and 76 cm row spacings at three seeding rates (247,000, 346,000, and 445,000 seeds ha-1 were tested under irrigated conditions and seed yield evaluated. Seed yield of late-planted soybean under irrigation was affected only by MG. Seeding rate and row spacing had no effect on yield. Average yield of MG 4.8, across row spacings and years was 2620 kg ha−1, which was 25 % greater than MG 5.6 yield (1980 kg ha−1).
Author: MaKayla Raquel Gross
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Author: Fabiano Colet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Planting (Plant culture)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Planting soybean early (late April through early May) is recommended to achieve high grain yields. However, unfavorable conditions can limit farmers’ ability to plant during the recommended period, and thus, an increase in the seeding rate may be necessary. Also, weather conditions can affect seed quality, and choosing an adequate planting date can mitigate the impacts of unfavorable weather on the seed. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (1) measure the effect of planting date and seeding rate on stand loss over the growing season, (2) measure the effect of soybean seeding rate and planting date on grain yield, (3) identify the agronomic optimum soybean seeding rate (AOSR) and the partial economic return for the lowest and highest soybean price, and (4) measure the effect of soybean planting date and seeding rate on harvested seed mass, seed germination, and seedling vigor. For these objectives, a field study was conducted for two growing seasons at two locations in Ohio: Western (WARS) and Northwest (NWARS) Agricultural Research Stations. The experimental design used was a split-plot randomized complete block with four replications. The main plot factor was four planting dates ranging from 25 April through 10 July, and the split-plot factor was five seeding rates ranging from 123,500 to 618,000 seeds ha-1. At WARS-2020, planting soybeans in April through early June had a similar grain yield (5,090-5,285 kg ha-1), while there was a reduction in grain yield when soybean was planted in late June (4,216 kg ha-1). In contrast, in WARS-2021, planting dates did not statically influence grain yield. At NWARS-2020, a small amount of rainfall during the pod-setting growth stages (R3-R4 stages) impacted and reduced the grain yield for soybeans planted in April (3,113 kg ha-1) and May (2,909 kg ha-1) when compared to soybean planted on early-June (3,595 kg ha-1). The AOSR changed among site-years. For soybean grown under normal weather conditions, the AOSR needed to be increased as planting was delayed to achieve the highest grain yield. The planting date factor also impacted soybean seed quality. The germination rate in all site-years was above 94%; however, soybean planted in early June had the lowest seedling vigor results (64 to 81%) compared to other planting dates (80 to 89%) in both locations. These findings can help growers improve grain yield, increase economic return, and produce high-quality seeds.
