Author: Jilliana Monnier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Résumé : Le mélanome constitue un problème de santé publique majeur. Grâce à l'introduction récente des réseaux de neurones à convolution, les systèmes de Diagnostic Assisté par Ordinateur (DAO) ont montré des performances quasi-similaires à celles des dermatologues pour la reconnaissance automatique du mélanome à partir d'images dermoscopiques. Cependant, ces nouvelles méthodes ont des limites, notamment l'absence de visibilité des mécanismes d'apprentissage et de classification, rendant difficiles l'analyse et l'interprétation des résultats par les dermatologues, dans une perspective d'amélioration de leurs performances. A l'inverse des réseaux neuronaux, les approches classiques se construisent en plusieurs étapes et peuvent ainsi être orientées par les concepts dermatologiques. Cependant, la majorité des modèles développés pour la détection du mélanome à partir de ces approches reposent sur les critères ABCDE (A : asymétrie, B : bords irréguliers, C : couleur inhomogène, D : diamètre supérieur à 6 mm et E : évolution), alors que les dermatologues utilisent inconsciemment, lors de l'examen clinique, l'analyse cognitive globale. En effet, ils analysent les lésions dans leur globalité et distinguent un mélanome par son aspect désordonné. Or, à notre connaissance, cette notion de désordre n'a pas été intégrée aux systèmes de DAO. Dans le travail que nous présentons, nous avons commencé par l'amélioration et la standardisation de la base de données publiques de l'International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) de 2019 en appliquant des traitements d'images. Cette base de données qui comportait initialement 1533 mélanomes et 6124 nævus, nous l'avons également enrichie pour atteindre un total de 10 000 mélanomes et 10 000 nævus à l'aide d'un algorithme de « data augmentation ». Concernant la partie classification, nous avons d'abord utilisé l'architecture ResNet-50, entrainée sur la base de données précédente, afin de réaliser une classification binaire : mélanomes versus nævus. Les performances de ce modèle, pour la détection du mélanome sur une base de données test, ont atteint un AUC à 0.89, une sensibilité à 86%, une spécificité à 75% et une précision équilibrée à 81%. Les résultats de ce modèle, capable d'extraire 2048 descripteurs par image, ont servi de référence au cours de ce travail. Nous avons, par la suite, mis au point deux approches classiques caractérisant le concept du désordre du mélanome à l'aide d'un classifieur K-Nearest-Neighbors : un premier modèle déterminant la polychromie et l'autre, l'aspect globalement irrégulier des contours. Les performances de ce premier modèle, développé à partir de l'extraction des couleurs des images dermoscopiques segmentées, ont atteint un AUC à 0.91, une sensibilité à 91% et une spécificité à 74%. Par ailleurs, l'entropie, caractérisant l'hétérogénéité des couleurs des lésions s'est révélée être le descripteur le plus discriminant. Trente-six descripteurs bien sélectionnés par un dermatologue ont permis, à eux seuls, d'atteindre des performances supérieures à celles du modèle de réseaux de neurones à convolution, qui extrait plus de 2048 descripteurs par image. Le deuxième modèle a été fondé uniquement sur l'irrégularité des contours. Les descripteurs de Fourier, ont permis d'extraire ces données à partir des images des lésions segmentées. Les contours irréguliers des lésions mélanocytaires étaient caractérisés par des représentations spectrales sous forme de plusieurs composantes dans les hautes fréquences tandis que les contours réguliers l'étaient sous forme de quelques composantes dans les basses fréquences. Les performances de ce modèle étaient cependant inférieures aux précédentes avec une AUC à 0.73, une sensibilité à 74% et une spécificité à 62%. Une perspective immédiate de ces travaux serait, tout d'abord, d'améliorer les modèles fondés sur le concept du « désordre » et, par la suite, de fusionner ce modèle avec celui des réseaux de neurones à convolution. Nous avons déjà démontré l'intérêt d'intégrer les connaissances des dermatologues dans la conception d'un système de DAO. A moyen terme, nous souhaitons modéliser ces connaissances sous forme d'une ontologie qui permettrait d'intégrer le raisonnement du dermatologue aux modèles de réseaux de neurones à convolution. En guise de conclusion, nous pouvons dire que l'implication des dermatologues au sein des équipes de recherche en informatique est cruciale pour la conception d'algorithmes de meilleures performances.
Author: Ulrich Flogel
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315340933
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Over the past decade, fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community owing to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19F nucleus. Fluorine has an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI. There is negligible endogenous 19F in the body and thus there is no background signal. Fluorine-containing compounds are ideal tracer labels for a wide variety of MRI applications. Moreover, the chemical shift and nuclear relaxation rate can be made responsive to physiology via creative molecular design. This book is an interdisciplinary compendium that details cutting-edge science and medical research in the emerging field of 19F MRI. Edited by Ulrich Flögel and Eric Ahrens, two prominent MRI researchers, this book will appeal to investigators involved in MRI, biomedicine, immunology, pharmacology, probe chemistry, and imaging physics.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309368650
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Author: Philip Maffetone
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1632208679
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Are you a triathlete, runner, cyclist, swimmer, cross-country skier, or other athlete seeking greater endurance? The Endurance Handbook teaches athletes how to stay healthy, achieve optimal athletic potential, and be injury-free for many productive years. Dr. Philip Maffetone’s approach to endurance offers a truly “individualized” outlook and unique system that he has refined over three decades of training and treating athletes, ranging from world champions to weekend warriors. Maffetone’s training and racing philosophy emphasizes building a strong aerobic base for increased fat burning, weight loss, sustained energy, and a healthy immune system. Good nutrition and stress reduction are also key to this common-sense, big-picture approach. Dr. Maffetone also dispels many of the commonly held myths that linger in participatory sports—and which adversely impact performance—and explains the “truths” about endurance, such as: The need to train slower to race faster will enable your aerobic system to improve endurance Why expensive running shoes can actually cause foot and leg injuries The fact that refined carbohydrates actually reduce endurance energy and disrupt hormone balance How overtraining can be avoided in its earliest stages And much more! If you are looking to increase your endurance and maximize your athletic potential, The Endurance Handbook is your one-stop guide to training and racing effectively. Skyhorse Publishing, as well as our Sports Publishing imprint, is proud to publish a broad range of books for readers interested in sports—books about baseball, pro football, college football, pro and college basketball, hockey, or soccer, we have a book about your sport or your team. In addition to books on popular team sports, we also publish books for a wide variety of athletes and sports enthusiasts, including books on running, cycling, horseback riding, swimming, tennis, martial arts, golf, camping, hiking, aviation, boating, and so much more. While not every title we publish becomes a New York Times bestseller or a national bestseller, we are committed to publishing books on subjects that are sometimes overlooked by other publishers and to authors whose work might not otherwise find a home.
Author: Travis Christofferson
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
ISBN: 1603589260
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
Journalist and healthcare advocate Christofferson looks at medicine through a magnifying glass and asks an important question: What if the roots of the current U.S. healthcare crisis are psychological and systemic, perpetuated not just by corporate influence and the powers that be, but by citizens?
Author: Jack LaLanne
Publisher: Robert Kennedy Publishing
ISBN: 9781552100646
Category : Middle-aged persons
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Not only has LaLanne been the figurehead of fitness forever, at an active, strong, and healthy 95 years old, he has definitively proven that his methods work. Here, he explains how to keep going strong, stay trim and healthy, and more.
Author: European Federation for Medical Informatics
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1614991014
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1284
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Book Description
Medical informatics and electronic healthcare have many benefits to offer in terms of quality of life for patients, healthcare personnel, citizens and society in general. But evidence-based medicine needs quality information if it is to lead to quality of health and thus to quality of life. This book presents the full papers accepted for presentation at the MIE2012 conference, held in Pisa, Italy, in August 2012. The theme of the 2012 conference is ‘Quality of Life through Quality of Information’. As always, the conference provides a unique platform for the exchange of ideas and experiences among the actors and stakeholders of ICT supported healthcare. The book incorporates contributions related to the latest achievements in biomedical and health informatics in terms of major challenges such as interoperability, collaboration, coordination and patient-oriented healthcare at the most appropriate level of care. It also offers new perspectives for the future of biomedical and health Informatics, critical appraisal of strategies for user involvement, insights for design, deployment and the sustainable use of electronic health records, standards, social software, citizen centred e-health, and new challenges in rehabilitation and social care informatics. The topics presented are interdisciplinary in nature and will be of interest to a variety of professionals; physicians, nurses and other allied health providers, health informaticians, engineers, academics and representatives from industry and consultancy in the various fields.
Author: J. Mantas
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643681850
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1184
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Book Description
For several years now, both eHealth applications and digitalization have been seen as fundamental to the new era of health informatics and public health. The current pandemic situation has also highlighted the importance of medical informatics for the scientific process of evidence-based reasoning and decision making at all levels of healthcare. This book presents the accepted full papers, short papers, and poster papers delivered as part of the 31st Medical Informatics in Europe Conference (MIE 2021), held virtually from 29-31 May 2021. MIE 2021 was originally due to be held in Athens, Greece, but due to the continuing pandemic situation, the conference was held as a virtual event. The 261 papers included here are grouped into 7 chapters: biomedical data, tools and methods; supporting care delivery; health and prevention; precision medicine and public health; human factors and citizen centered digital health; ethics, legal and societal aspects; and posters. Providing a state-of-the-art overview of medical informatics from around the world, the book will be of interest to all those working with eHealth applications and digitalization to improve the delivery of healthcare today.
Author: L.B. Pape-Haugaard
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643680838
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1498
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Book Description
Digital health and medical informatics have grown in importance in recent years, and have now become central to the provision of effective healthcare around the world. This book presents the proceedings of the 30th Medical Informatics Europe conference (MIE). This edition of the conference, hosted by the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) since the 1970s, was due to be held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2020, but as a result of measures to prevent the spread of the Covid19 pandemic, the conference itself had to be cancelled. Nevertheless, because this collection of papers offers a wealth of knowledge and experience across the full spectrum of digital health and medicine, it was decided to publish the submissions accepted in the review process and confirmed by the Scientific Program Committee for publication, and these are published here as planned. The 232 papers are themed under 6 section headings: biomedical data, tools and methods; supporting care delivery; health and prevention; precision medicine and public health; human factors and citizen centered digital health; and ethics, legal and societal aspects. A 7th section deals with the Swiss personalized health network, and section 8 includes the 125 posters accepted for the conference. Offering an overview of current trends and developments in digital health and medical informatics, the book provides a valuable information resource for researchers and health practitioners alike.
Author: Christoph Ulrich Lehmann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781614992882
Category : Medical informatics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Changing demographics, volatile economics and dwindling resources are among the factors contributing to the need for collective and collaborative efforts to address the new and evolving challenges in healthcare and biomedicine.This book presents the proceedings of the MEDINFO 2013 conference, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2013. The theme of the conference is "Conducting medical informatics by converging technologies, conveying sciences and connecting people". The book contains 188 full papers, student papers and vision papers from the conference, as well as posters, tutorials, workshops, panels and demonstrations, selected after review from the 789 submissions received. The contributions explore not only converging multidisciplinary technologies and the rigorous scientific investigations required to explain the nature of complex phenomena, but also the human-centered designs which connect people and are crucial for realizing the immense potential of information and communication technologies in healthcare. Contributions cover four major themes: representing and understanding biomedical knowledge; enhancing care, patient safety and outcome; managing care information and workflow; and enabling cost-effective healthcare.The book will be of interest to all those whose work involves improving health outcomes in populations with varying resources worldwide.
