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Author: D. M. J. Compton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
The program used the high dose rate available from an electron linear accelerator to study radiation damage and excitation-de-excitation processes on a fast time scale. Fast optical techniques were used to study the processes occurring, and apparatus and methods were developed for measuring optical absorption and emission at nanosecond speeds. Progress was also made towards the application of high-speed electron spin resonance to these problems. These techniques were applied to a study of de-excitation, from the energy deposited by an electron pulse in ruby and in GaAs, and also to the kinetics of radiation damage in GaAs. In the alkali halides, absorption techniques were used to study the introduction and annealing of F centers; and the trapping of radiation produced electrons to form F centers. Fast optical techniques proved to give an important increase in the understanding of these processes, and are also useful in understanding radiation-induced conductivity in insulators. Optical absorption and photoconductivity measurements were made to study the kinetics of complex defect center formation in silicon: this work is still in a preliminary stage. (Author).
Author: D. M. J. Compton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
The program used the high dose rate available from an electron linear accelerator to study radiation damage and excitation-de-excitation processes on a fast time scale. Fast optical techniques were used to study the processes occurring, and apparatus and methods were developed for measuring optical absorption and emission at nanosecond speeds. Progress was also made towards the application of high-speed electron spin resonance to these problems. These techniques were applied to a study of de-excitation, from the energy deposited by an electron pulse in ruby and in GaAs, and also to the kinetics of radiation damage in GaAs. In the alkali halides, absorption techniques were used to study the introduction and annealing of F centers; and the trapping of radiation produced electrons to form F centers. Fast optical techniques proved to give an important increase in the understanding of these processes, and are also useful in understanding radiation-induced conductivity in insulators. Optical absorption and photoconductivity measurements were made to study the kinetics of complex defect center formation in silicon: this work is still in a preliminary stage. (Author).
Author: Rodolfo A. Cesena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alkali metal halides
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
A research program using the high dose rates available from an electron linear accelerator and fast optical techniques to study excitation-deexcitation, trapping, and radiation damage processes is presented. Radiation damage rates in gallium arsenide noncoherent and laser p-n junction diodes are compared by measuring the electrical characteristics and the electroluminescence output before and after irriation with fast electrons. A nonthermal, electrical annealing process is described which is effective in restoring the optical properties of irradiated diodes; the electrical characteristics, which are damaged by the radiation, are not restored by the anneal. To account for the various observations, a model is proposed in which the radiation does not introduce additional nonradiative recombination centers as previously thought but changes the radiative recombination centers to nonradiative. Potassium chloride is also investigated, and the shift in the peak absorption of the F-center with temperature is used to compute effective lattice frequencies. The self-bleaching of the F-centers and the energy required to form an F-center by ionization is experimentally determined as a function of initial F-center concentration and as a function of temperature. A value of 40 eV/F-center is measured at 300K at times of the order of microseconds after a radiation pulse; measurements a few seconds after the pulse yield a higher value due to the self-bleaching of the centers. (Author).
Author: Ruo-Ling Hu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Author: Simonpietro Agnello
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119697328
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
SPECTROSCOPY FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION Learn foundational and advanced spectroscopy techniques from leading researchers in physics, chemistry, surface science, and nanoscience In Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization, accomplished researcher Simonpietro Agnello delivers a practical and accessible compilation of various spectroscopy techniques taught and used to today. The book offers a wide-ranging approach taught by leading researchers working in physics, chemistry, surface science, and nanoscience. It is ideal for both new students and advanced researchers studying and working with spectroscopy. Topics such as confocal and two photon spectroscopy, as well as infrared absorption and Raman and micro-Raman spectroscopy, are discussed, as are thermally stimulated luminescence and spectroscopic studies of radiation effects on optical materials. Each chapter includes a basic introduction to the theory necessary to understand a specific technique, details about the characteristic instrumental features and apparatuses used, including tips for the appropriate arrangement of a typical experiment, and a reproducible case study that shows the discussed techniques used in a real laboratory. Readers will benefit from the inclusion of: Complete and practical case studies at the conclusion of each chapter to highlight the concepts and techniques discussed in the material Citations of additional resources ideal for further study A thorough introduction to the basic aspects of radiation matter interaction in the visible-ultraviolet range and the fundamentals of absorption and emission A rigorous exploration of time resolved spectroscopy at the nanosecond and femtosecond intervals Perfect for Master and Ph.D. students and researchers in physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology, Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization will also earn a place in the libraries of materials science researchers and students seeking a one-stop reference to basic and advanced spectroscopy techniques.
Author: C.H.S. Dupuy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
Thirty years ago, the sharp development of the nuclear phy- SlCS has given scope to some connected areas such as radiochemis try, radiobiology, radioprotection, radiation damages. In this last subject - damages induced by radiations in mate rials, the earlier studies are essentially connected to the me chanism of defect creation. Several workers, for instance, SEITZ (1949), DIENES and VINEYARD (1957), BILLINGTON and CRAWFORD (1961) have developed the first approach in the damage processes theories. In the 65th years a "saturation effect" occurs in the studies of the mechanisms and correlatively a strong development appears in the physics of the defect itself. If it is possible in many cases to study defects without a good ~nowledge of their origin many researchs, in particular in the field of defects induced by energetic heavy ions, needs a better understanding of the damage processes. The track phenomena for instance is of special interest in heavy ions problems, cosmic ray tracks in lunar and meteorite crystals or glasses are a good indicator of the solar activity. On the other hand, color centers, induced by energetic heavy ions in alkali-halides crystals, shown a quite different behaviour than those created by light particles, it is necessary to assume that the ionic bombardement creates centers in a well located re gion : a core around the path of the incident particle.
Author: Jerzy Piekoszewski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Gustavo García Gómez-Tejedor
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400725639
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
Since the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity, ionizing radiations have been widely applied in medicine both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The risks associated with radiation exposure and handling led to the parallel development of the field of radiation protection. Pioneering experiments done by Sanche and co-workers in 2000 showed that low-energy secondary electrons, which are abundantly generated along radiation tracks, are primarily responsible for radiation damage through successive interactions with the molecular constituents of the medium. Apart from ionizing processes, which are usually related to radiation damage, below the ionization level low-energy electrons can induce molecular fragmentation via dissociative processes such as internal excitation and electron attachment. This prompted collaborative projects between different research groups from European countries together with other specialists from Canada, the USA and Australia. This book summarizes the advances achieved by these research groups after more than ten years of studies on radiation damage in biomolecular systems. An extensive Part I deals with recent experimental and theoretical findings on radiation induced damage at the molecular level. It includes many contributions on electron and positron collisions with biologically relevant molecules. X-ray and ion interactions are also covered. Part II addresses different approaches to radiation damage modelling. In Part III biomedical aspects of radiation effects are treated on different scales. After the physics-oriented focus of the previous parts, there is a gradual transition to biology and medicine with the increasing size of the object studied. Finally, Part IV is dedicated to current trends and novel techniques in radiation reserach and the applications hence arising. It includes new developments in radiotherapy and related cancer therapies, as well as technical optimizations of accelerators and totally new equipment designs, giving a glimpse of the near future of radiation-based medical treatments.
Author: Peter David Townsend
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Pascal Richet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118799399
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1568
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Book Description
This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.
Author: C.H.S. Dupuy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789028605435
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 542
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Book Description
Thirty years ago, the sharp development of the nuclear phy- SlCS has given scope to some connected areas such as radiochemis try, radiobiology, radioprotection, radiation damages. In this last subject - damages induced by radiations in mate rials, the earlier studies are essentially connected to the me chanism of defect creation. Several workers, for instance, SEITZ (1949), DIENES and VINEYARD (1957), BILLINGTON and CRAWFORD (1961) have developed the first approach in the damage processes theories. In the 65th years a "saturation effect" occurs in the studies of the mechanisms and correlatively a strong development appears in the physics of the defect itself. If it is possible in many cases to study defects without a good ~nowledge of their origin many researchs, in particular in the field of defects induced by energetic heavy ions, needs a better understanding of the damage processes. The track phenomena for instance is of special interest in heavy ions problems, cosmic ray tracks in lunar and meteorite crystals or glasses are a good indicator of the solar activity. On the other hand, color centers, induced by energetic heavy ions in alkali-halides crystals, shown a quite different behaviour than those created by light particles, it is necessary to assume that the ionic bombardement creates centers in a well located re gion : a core around the path of the incident particle.
