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Author: John Noel. Hodgson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461333210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
The electromagnetic theory of Maxwell and the electron theory of Lorentz and Drude stimulated a great deal of experimental work on the optical properties of solids in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The time was not then ripe, however, for general progress in this field. The experimental techniques were not available to produce suitable specimens for optical measurements with well defined structure and purity. On the theoretical side, the classical electron theory provided only a very incomplete account of the interaction of light waves with matter. The centre of interest in optical research moved to atomic and molecular spectroscopy where quantitative results were easier to obtain. The quantum theory, starting with Bohr's theory of 1913, provided a highly successful basis for the interpretation of the optical spectra of atoms and molecules. The present-day theory of the optical properties of solids is based on the quantum theory of electrons in solids, developed from the early researches of Sommerfeld and Bloch, and the theory of lattice vibrations originating in the research by Born. The formal con nection between optical absorption and electron wave functions in solids has been well known since the 1930s but it is only recently that electron energy band calculations have achieved sufficient accuracy to make profitable a comparison of experimental and theoretical results. Without some guidance from a theoretical band structure calculation, it would be difficult to make any progress with the in terpretation of an optical absorption spectrum.
Author: John Noel. Hodgson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461333210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
The electromagnetic theory of Maxwell and the electron theory of Lorentz and Drude stimulated a great deal of experimental work on the optical properties of solids in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The time was not then ripe, however, for general progress in this field. The experimental techniques were not available to produce suitable specimens for optical measurements with well defined structure and purity. On the theoretical side, the classical electron theory provided only a very incomplete account of the interaction of light waves with matter. The centre of interest in optical research moved to atomic and molecular spectroscopy where quantitative results were easier to obtain. The quantum theory, starting with Bohr's theory of 1913, provided a highly successful basis for the interpretation of the optical spectra of atoms and molecules. The present-day theory of the optical properties of solids is based on the quantum theory of electrons in solids, developed from the early researches of Sommerfeld and Bloch, and the theory of lattice vibrations originating in the research by Born. The formal con nection between optical absorption and electron wave functions in solids has been well known since the 1930s but it is only recently that electron energy band calculations have achieved sufficient accuracy to make profitable a comparison of experimental and theoretical results. Without some guidance from a theoretical band structure calculation, it would be difficult to make any progress with the in terpretation of an optical absorption spectrum.
Author: John Noel Hodgson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461333227
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: Hodgson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780470402252
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Author: Frederick Wooten
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483220761
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Optical Properties of Solids covers the important concepts of intrinsic optical properties and photoelectric emission. The book starts by providing an introduction to the fundamental optical spectra of solids. The text then discusses Maxwell's equations and the dielectric function; absorption and dispersion; and the theory of free-electron metals. The quantum mechanical theory of direct and indirect transitions between bands; the applications of dispersion relations; and the derivation of an expression for the dielectric function in the self-consistent field approximation are also encompassed. The book further tackles current-current correlations; the fluctuation-dissipation theorem; and the effect of surface plasmons on optical properties and photoemission. People involved in the study of the optical properties of solids will find the book invaluable.
Author: Bernard Bendow
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468421786
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
Although much work has been performed on measure ments and interpretation of light absorption by opaque or nearly opaque solids, it is surprising to note that until recently relatively little reliable experimental data, and much less theoretical work was available on the nature of transparent solids. This, in spite of the fact that a vast majority of engineering and device ap plications of a solid depend on its optical transparency. Needless to say, all solids are both transparent and opa que depending on the spectral region of consideration. The absorption processes that limit the transparency of a solid are either due to lattice vibrations, as in ionic or partially ionic solids, or due to electronic transi tions, both intrinsic and impurity-induced. For most materials, a sufficiently wide spectral window exists be tween these two limits, where the material is transpar ent. In general, the absorption coefficient, in the long wavelength side of, but sufficiently away from, the fun damental absorption edge, is relatively structureless and has an exponential dependence on frequency. Recent evi dence suggests that in the short wavelength side of the one-phonon region, but beyond two- or three-phonon sin gularities, the absorption coefficient of both polar and nonpolar solids is also relatively structureless and de pends exponentially on frequency.
Author: S. Mitra
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1475711239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 639
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Book Description
This book is an account of the manner in which the optical phenomena observed from solids relate to their fundamental properties. Written at the graduate level, it attempts a threefold purpose: an indication of the breadth of the subject, an in-depth examination of important areas, and a text for a two-semester course. The first two chapters present introductory theory as a foundation for subsequent reading. The following ten chapters broadly concern electronic properties associated with semiconductors ranging from narrow to wide energy gap materials. Lattice properties are examined in the remaining chap ters, in which effects governed by phonons in perfect crystals, point defects, their vibrational and electronic spectra, and electron-phonon interactions are stressed. Fun and hard work, both in considerable measure, have gone into the preparation of this volume. At the University of Freiburg, W. Germany, from August 7-20, 1966, the occasion of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on "The Optical Properties of Solids," the authors of these various chapters lectured for the Institute; this volume provides essentially the "Proceed ings" of that meeting. Many major revisions of original lectures (contrac tions and enlargements) were required for better organization and presentation of the subject matter. Several abbreviated chapters appear mainly to indicate the importance of their contents in optical properties research and to indicate recently published books that provide ample coverage. We are indebted to many people: the authors for their efforts and patience; our host at the University of Freiburg, the late Professor Dr.
Author: Baldassare di Bartolo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146153044X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 749
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Book Description
This book presents an account of the course "Optical Properties of Excited States in Solids" held in Erice, Italy, from June 16 to 3D, 1991. This meeting was organized by the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The purpose of this course was to present physical models, mathematical formalisms and experimental techniques relevant to the optical properties of excited states in solids. Some active physical species, such as ions or radicals, could survive indefinitely if they were completely 'isolated in space. Other active species, such as excited molecular and solid-state systems, are inherently unstable, even in isolation, due to the spontaneous mechanisms that may convert their excitation energies into radiation or heat. Physical parameters that may be used to characterize these excited systems are the localization or delocalization, and the coherence or incoherence, of their state excitations. In solids the excited states, whether they are localized (as for impurities in insulators) or delocalized (as they may occur in semiconductors), are relevant in several regards. Their de-excitation is extremely sensitive to the nature of the excitations of the systems, and a study of the de-excitation processes can yield a variety of information. For example, the excited states may represent the initial condition of the onset of such processes as Stokes-shifted emission, hot luminescence, symmetry-dependent Jahn-Teller and scattering processes, tunneling processes, energy transfer to like and unlike centers, superradiance, coherent radiation, and excited state absorption.
Author: David B. Tanner
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107160146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
An overview of the optical effects in solids, this book addresses the physics of materials and their response to electromagnatic radiation--back cover.
Author: Yutaka Toyozawa
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521554473
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
A unifying element that links the apparently diverse phenomena observed in optical processes is the dielectric dispersion of matter. It describes the response of matter to incoming electromagnetic waves and charged particles, and thus predicts their behavior in the self-induced field of matter, known as polariton and polaron effects. The energies of phonon, exciton and plasmon, quanta of collective motions of charged particles constituting the matter, are also governed by dielectric dispersion. Since the latter is a functional of the former, one can derive useful relations for their self-consistency. Nonlinear response to laser light inclusive of multiphoton processes, and excitation of atomic inner shells by synchrotron radiation, are also described. Within the configuration coordinate model, photo-induced lattice relaxation and chemical reaction are described equally to both ground and relaxed excited states, to provide a novel and global perspective on structural phase transitions and the nature of interatomic bonds. This book was first published in 2003.
Author:
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814295760
Category : Solids
Languages : en
Pages : 631
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Book Description
