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Author: Spencer R. Amend
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ground squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Spencer R. Amend
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ground squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Norman A. Slade
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ground squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Author: Mitchel J. Hannon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Uinta ground squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Author: Mitchel J. Hannon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal-plant relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Author: Andrea Elizabeth Byrom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arctic ground squirrel
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Food and predation were examined as factors limiting arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii plesius) populations during the decline and low phases of a snowshoe hare cycle (1992-1995). Food and predator limitation were tested experimentally with large-scale (36-ha) experimental manipulations: two food-supplemented areas, a predator exclosure, and a food-supplemented treatment where predators were also excluded. Predator removal doubled population density, while addition of food resulted in a four-fold density increase. Removal of predators and addition of food together resulted in a 10-fold increase in arctic ground squirrel population densities. Population densities and adult survival rates were lower in 1992 and 1993 (two years after the snowshoe hare population decline) than in 1994 and 1995. Food supply and predation interact to limit arctic ground squirrel population densities in the boreal forest during the decline and low phases of the snowshoe hare cycle. Supplemental food did not affect dispersal distances or dispersal frequency of 172 radio-collared juveniles of either sex in any year. Juveniles that moved farther from their natal burrow were more likely to die. Males moved farther than females and died more frequently. Dispersal tendency was unrelated to population density in males. Females increased their tendency to disperse only on a study site with population densities 17 times those of control populations. Male arctic ground squirrels probably disperse to avoid inbreeding, while females may disperse in response to resource limitation at very high densities. Philopatric females had higher fitness than females that dispersed, particularly if survival during dispersal was taken into account. As population density increased from 1992 to 1995, home range overlap of adult females also increased, as daughters survived to reproductive age in contact with their mother's home range. A stage-based simulation model of the annual cycle of activity and hibernation was strongly sensitive to female survival.
Author: Robert Edgar Walker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Citellus armatus
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Author: Paul Vincent Krasnowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rodent populations
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei) population ecology was investigated in a field study conducted between 21 September 1967 and 30 October 1968 near College, Alaska. Population density on the 21 ha study area was one squirrel per 1.1 ha during the spring 1968 and one per 1.2 ha during the fall 1968. Territoriality appears to be somewhat relaxed during the spring, and there are non-territorial squirrels present at that time. Young of the year squirrels can be distinguished from adults, at least through October, according to the degree of closure of the epiphyses of the radius and ulna. Immature males can be distinguished from adults on the basis of testis weight during the fall. Immature squirrels constituted 57.1% of the population sample during the fall 1967 and 51.3% during the fall 1968. Males formed 66.7% of the sample of adults and 64.0% of the sample of immature squirrels. Males were not significantly heavier or larger than females. Mean tail length of immature squirrels exceeded that of adults. Fall molt commences for all red squirrels during late August and September. The spring molt commences for females during March, whereas males do not molt until May. Testes measurements and female reproductive condition indicate that there is a single annual reproductive season, from late February through April. Squirrels breed during their first spring at about 10 to 11 months of age. Estimated mean litter size was 4.20 based on embryo counts and 3.92 based on placental scars. The most frequent litter size was four.
Author: Jonathan P. Secter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Scott R. Craven
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Author: Allen Adair Tubbs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal populations
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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