On-farm and Small Plot Studies of the Growth and Performance of Cover Crops Interseeded Into Corn PDF Download
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Author: Sue Ellen Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Author: Sue Ellen Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Author: Aaron Patrick Brooker
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781085652346
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
Farmers could enhance crop diversity in their farming systems by interseeding cover crops in corn in late May and June in corn rotations in the Upper Midwest. Recommendations must be developed for cover crop species, seeding rates, and interseeding timings that optimize cover crop growth and enhance corn production. Weeds must be controlled, and cover crops must establish in this system. Cover crops influence soil health in long term studies; however, the influence of interseeded cover crops on soil enzymes, soil structure, and nutrient cycling has not been reported. In Michigan, two experiments were conducted from 2015-2017 and one experiment from 2017-2019. In the first experiment, annual ryegrass, crimson clover, oilseed radish and a mixture of the three species were broadcast interseeded at each of the V1 through V7 corn stages at a single seeding rate. Cover crop and weed density and biomass were measured during the growing season, at the time of corn harvest, and the following spring. Soil samples were taken in the spring in the year following interseeding and analyzed for inorganic N, extracellular enzyme activity, and aggregate stability. Corn was planted as an indicator crop and sampled for C and N content. In the second experiment, preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were applied, and cover crops interseeded at the V3 and V6 corn stages. Cover crops were evaluated in October for injury and stand loss. A greenhouse trial was also included to evaluate cover crop response to herbicides. In the third experiment, the same three cover crop species and a mixture of annual ryegrass and crimson clover were interseeded at three seeding rates in V3 and V6 corn. Establishment, biomass, and corn grain yield were collected using the same methods as previously described. Eight on-farm locations were interseeded with the same cover crop species at the 1X rate at the V3 and V6 corn stages. All plots were flown with a fixed-wing aircraft to measure canopy temperature. Small-plots were flown with UAV to acquire multispectral imagery to determine NDVI and NDRE. In years with normal or below normal precipitation, annual ryegrass and oilseed radish produced the highest biomass. Establishment improved when seeding on tilled soil compared with no-till soil. All cover crop species established, regardless of tillage, with above normal rainfall. Both annual ryegrass and crimson clover established when interseeded as a mixture at the seeding rates used. Increasing seeding rates usually increased biomass production. Cover crops could be interseeded at any time from V1-V7 corn if weeds were controlled. No cover crop species was competitive with summer annual weeds; annual ryegrass was the only species that overwintered and suppressed winter annual weeds. There were PRE and POST options for weed control with all cover crop species, but farmers must be mindful of herbicide and cover crop combinations. Delaying interseeding until V6 may reduce injury from some PRE herbicides. In the year of interseeding, cover crops did not reduce corn grain yield; therefore, remote imagery was not able to detect changes in corn health. Remote imagery detected cover crop establishment in the V3 interseedings prior to corn canopy closure; remote imagery did not detect less thermal stress where cover crops were interseeded. Annual ryegrass plots had reduced spring inorganic N content, and this sometimes translated to reduced N in the indicator corn crop. Success of broadcast interseeded cover crops is highly depended on adequate precipitation; this practice would be especially successful where summer rainfall is consistent or in irrigated systems. Benefits of cover crops are likely to be realized over multiple years of interseeding; farmers must balance goals of cover cropping with costs of seeding when selecting species, seeding rates, and weed control options.
Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 780
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Author: Brent Edward Tharp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Author: Connor Zachary Youngerman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Winter cover crops provide a suite of benefits but their use is limited because there is often not enough time after harvesting crops in the fall to establish cover crops before winter. Problems with establishment may be overcome by interseeding, where cover crops are seeded between rows of cash crops prior to harvest. Interseeded cover crops can provide greater ecosystem services than cover crops established after harvest, including erosion control and weed suppression. In addition to these services, interseeded cover crops might also provide habitat for invertebrate seed predators such as carabid beetles and crickets, which feed on weed seeds. We established a field experiment to investigate how cash crop planting density affects interseeded cover crop performance during the transition to certified organic production. We measured corn density, light transmission through the corn canopy, cover crop and weed biomass, and corn grain yield. We analyzed the relationship between these factors with regression, mixed models, path analysis, and partial correlation. The effect of corn density on interseeded cover crop biomass was significant when quantified both directly and indirectly as mediated by light transmission and weed biomass. At the October sample date, weed biomass was 31% lower in plots with interseeded cover crops than plots without, and corn grain yield was not different between plots with interseeded cover crops and plots without. We also conducted a laboratory experiment to explore the potential for cover crop seeds to be eaten by weed seed predators. Using four common invertebrate weed seed predators and a series of No Choice and Choice feeding assays, we presented seeds of ten cover crop species and three weed species to individual carabid beetles and crickets. We analyzed No Choice preference with logistic regression and Choice with Vanderploeg and Scavia’s electivity index and mixed models. We found that all four invertebrate seed predators consumed cover crop seeds and that preference varied by plant species and insect species. Overall results show that cover crop interseeding can be used to overcome one of the primary barriers to cover crop adoption and provide ecosystem services, but that cover crop seeds are susceptible to seed predation and thus cover crop species selection and seeding method are important to consider.
Author: Rollins Adams Emerson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 896
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Author: Dieudonné Nkundizana Baributsa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Common bean
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Author: William A. Hayes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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