Model Behavior

Model Behavior PDF Author: Nicole C. Nelson
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022654611X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Book Description
Mice are used as model organisms across a wide range of fields in science today—but it is far from obvious how studying a mouse in a maze can help us understand human problems like alcoholism or anxiety. How do scientists convince funders, fellow scientists, the general public, and even themselves that animal experiments are a good way of producing knowledge about the genetics of human behavior? In Model Behavior, Nicole C. Nelson takes us inside an animal behavior genetics laboratory to examine how scientists create and manage the foundational knowledge of their field. Behavior genetics is a particularly challenging field for making a clear-cut case that mouse experiments work, because researchers believe that both the phenomena they are studying and the animal models they are using are complex. These assumptions of complexity change the nature of what laboratory work produces. Whereas historical and ethnographic studies traditionally portray the laboratory as a place where scientists control, simplify, and stabilize nature in the service of producing durable facts, the laboratory that emerges from Nelson’s extensive interviews and fieldwork is a place where stable findings are always just out of reach. The ongoing work of managing precarious experimental systems means that researchers learn as much—if not more—about the impact of the environment on behavior as they do about genetics. Model Behavior offers a compelling portrait of life in a twenty-first-century laboratory, where partial, provisional answers to complex scientific questions are increasingly the norm.

Model Behavior

Model Behavior PDF Author: Nicole C. Nelson
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022654611X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262

Get Book Here

Book Description
Mice are used as model organisms across a wide range of fields in science today—but it is far from obvious how studying a mouse in a maze can help us understand human problems like alcoholism or anxiety. How do scientists convince funders, fellow scientists, the general public, and even themselves that animal experiments are a good way of producing knowledge about the genetics of human behavior? In Model Behavior, Nicole C. Nelson takes us inside an animal behavior genetics laboratory to examine how scientists create and manage the foundational knowledge of their field. Behavior genetics is a particularly challenging field for making a clear-cut case that mouse experiments work, because researchers believe that both the phenomena they are studying and the animal models they are using are complex. These assumptions of complexity change the nature of what laboratory work produces. Whereas historical and ethnographic studies traditionally portray the laboratory as a place where scientists control, simplify, and stabilize nature in the service of producing durable facts, the laboratory that emerges from Nelson’s extensive interviews and fieldwork is a place where stable findings are always just out of reach. The ongoing work of managing precarious experimental systems means that researchers learn as much—if not more—about the impact of the environment on behavior as they do about genetics. Model Behavior offers a compelling portrait of life in a twenty-first-century laboratory, where partial, provisional answers to complex scientific questions are increasingly the norm.

The Role of Behavior in Evolution

The Role of Behavior in Evolution PDF Author: Henry C. Plotkin
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262161077
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Book Description
These six original essays focus on a potentially important aspect of evolutionary biology, the possible causal role of phenotypic behavior in evolution. Balancing theory with actual or potential empiricism, they provide the first full examination of this topic. Plotkin's opening chapter outlines the "conceptual minefields" that the contributors attempt to negotiate: What is an adequate theory of evolution? What is behavior and is it possible to maintain a distinction between behavior and other attributes of the phenotype? is all, or only a special subset, of behavior both a cause and a consequence of evolution? And what do the theoretical issues mean in empirical terms? He concludes that any attempt to understand the causal role of behavior in evolution requires a more complicated theoretical structure than that of orthodox neoDarwinism, a conceptualization of behavior as a distinctive set of phenotypic attributes, and the accumulation of more data. David L. Hull (Northwestern University) provides an alternative account of the evolutionary process by developing a hierarchy of replicators-interactors-lineages to replace the traditional one of genes-organisms-species. Robert N. Brandon (Duke University) also posits hierarchy as an appropriate architecture for the theoretical complexity needed to support an examination of the role of behavior in evolution. F. J. Odling-Smee (Brunei University) outlines a theoretical structure to encompass the behavior of phenotypes, concentrating on the unrestricted definition of behavior (everything that an animal does). The remaining chapters are as much concerned with evidence as with theory. Plotkin concentrates on a restricted definition of behavior (behavior that is a product of choosing intelligence), reviewing our empirical knowledge of how learning might influence evolution. R.I.M. Dunbar (University College, London) uses empirical studies of vertebrate social behavior to deal with the question of how the social systems, especially of primates, might have a causal role in species evolution. A Bradford Book

Building Behavior

Building Behavior PDF Author: Jessica Djabrayan Hannigan
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1544340109
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Book Description
Build the behavior system your students need and deserve Students deserve a safe, welcoming, and tolerant learning environment in which high expectations for academic and social/emotional learning will flourish. To achieve this, schools must implement consistent behavior initiatives that are rooted in equity and clear in outcome and purpose. Which plan is best for your students’ needs? In Building Behavior, authors Jessica Djabrayan Hannigan and John Hannigan identify the strengths of six major research-based behavior initiatives and offer practical guidance for implementing one or more that meet the unique needs of your students and school. They explore and connect the relationship of effect sizes and influence of six common behavior initiatives—Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports, Character Education, Restorative Justice, Culturally Responsive Teaching, Trauma Informed Practices, and Social and Emotional Learning—to help educators understand the purpose of each and give school leaders a starting point for adding to, refining, or building a tailored behavior system that is effective and manageable. Building Behavior includes: Common definitions, frameworks, best practice resources, and tips for implementing and synthesizing each of the behavior initiatives Reflective prompts that connect the existing body of knowledge with real life experiences and practices Reproducible resources, including sample schoolwide and district-wide assessments Tips to avoid common implementation challenges and missteps Don’t just reach for the "next best thing." Learn to select, self-assess, and build a plan for effective implementation of a behavior system that meets the diverse academic and social/emotional learning needs of your students. "This book offers comprehensive, unbiased information on effective behavior initiatives and provides effective tools for implementing the action plan that best fits a school. It provides a one-stop shop that educators can use to evaluate their current behavior plan, research the most current behavior initiatives, and tailor-fit an initiative for their school." - Mandy White, Science Teacher, Vicenza Middle School, U.S. Department of Defense Education Activity

On Behavior

On Behavior PDF Author: Karen Pryor
Publisher: Sunshine Books (MA)
ISBN: 9780962401718
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 405

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Book Description


Studying Human Behavior

Studying Human Behavior PDF Author: Helen E. Longino
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226492885
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 263

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Book Description
In this volume, Longino enters into the complexities of human behavioural research, a domain still dominated by the age-old debate of 'nature versus nurture'. Longino focuses on how scientists study it, specifically sexual behaviour and aggression, and asks what can be known about human behaviour through empirical investigation.

On the Self-Regulation of Behavior

On the Self-Regulation of Behavior PDF Author: Charles S. Carver
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521000994
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 464

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Book Description
This book presents a thorough overview of a model of human functioning based on the idea that behavior is goal-directed and regulated by feedback control processes. It describes feedback processes and their application to behavior, considers goals and the idea that goals are organized hierarchically, examines affect as deriving from a different kind of feedback process, and analyzes how success expectancies influence whether people keep trying to attain goals or disengage. Later sections consider a series of emerging themes, including dynamic systems as a model for shifting among goals, catastrophe theory as a model for persistence, and the question of whether behavior is controlled or instead 'emerges'. Three chapters consider the implications of these various ideas for understanding maladaptive behavior, and the closing chapter asks whether goals are a necessity of life. Throughout, theory is presented in the context of diverse issues that link the theory to other literatures.

Behavior:The Forgotten Curriculum

Behavior:The Forgotten Curriculum PDF Author: Chris Weber
Publisher: Solution Tree Press
ISBN: 1945349824
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
To fully prepare students for college, careers, and life, it is essential for educators to nurture students' behavioral skills along with their academic skills. With Behavior: The Forgotten Curriculum, you will learn how to employ the most effective behavioral and social skills activities for your particular class and form unique relationships with each and every learner. Through this personalized classroom behavior-management approach, you can anticipate potential problem areas and confidently respond to students in need of intensive and differentiated supports. Use behavior-management strategies based on response to intervention to: Understand the importance of communicating the why of behavioral learning to students. Identify and define the behavioral skills that will most benefit your students. Model and teach behavioral skills simultaneously with academic skills. Learn how and when to employ behavioral system supports across all three RTI tiers (MTSS). Implement formative assessment and other tools for measuring behavioral-skill development and success. Hear from educators who have successfully applied behavioral-skill teaching in their classroom-management strategies. Contents: Introduction Chapter 1: Identifying and Defining Behavioral Skill Priorities Chapter 2: Teaching and Modeling Chapter 3: Measuring Student Success, Providing Feedback, and Differentiating in Tier 1 Chapter 4: If It's Predictable, It's Preventable: Considerations for Tiers 2 and 3 Chapter 5: Predictable Challenges and Considerations for Implementation Epilogue Appendix References and Resources

Patterns of Behavior

Patterns of Behavior PDF Author: Richard W. Burkhardt
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226080900
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 649

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Book Description
Publisher Description

Advances in the Study of Behavior

Advances in the Study of Behavior PDF Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124072046
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 505

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Book Description
Advances in the Study of Behavior was initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior. That number is still expanding. This volume makes another important "contribution to the development of the field" by presenting theoretical ideas and research to those studying animal behavior and to their colleagues in neighboring fields. - Initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior - Makes another important contribution to the development of the field - Presents theoretical ideas and research to those studying animal behavior and to their colleagues in neighboring fields

Uniting Academic and Behavior Interventions

Uniting Academic and Behavior Interventions PDF Author: Austin Buffum
Publisher: Solution Tree Press
ISBN: 1936764903
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 175

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Book Description
Ensure students acquire the academic skills, dispositions, and knowledge necessary for long-term success. The authors examine effective academic and behavior supports and offer a step-by-step process for determining, targeting, and observing academic and behavior interventions. You’ll discover how to work in collaborative teams using a research-based framework to provide united and simultaneous interventions to students at risk.