Observations on Paper Currency, the Bank of England Notes, and on the Principles of Coinage, and a Metallic Circulating Medium

Observations on Paper Currency, the Bank of England Notes, and on the Principles of Coinage, and a Metallic Circulating Medium PDF Author: George Booth (Merchant)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Currency question
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Observations on Paper Currency, the Bank of England Notes, and on the Principles of Coinage, and a Metallic Circulating Medium

Observations on Paper Currency, the Bank of England Notes, and on the Principles of Coinage, and a Metallic Circulating Medium PDF Author: George Booth (Merchant)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Currency question
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Observations on Paper Money, Banking and Overtrading

Observations on Paper Money, Banking and Overtrading PDF Author: Henry Parnell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 177

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Observations on Paper Money, Banking, and Overtrading

Observations on Paper Money, Banking, and Overtrading PDF Author: Sir Henry Parnell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 177

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Observations on Currency, Population, and Pauperism

Observations on Currency, Population, and Pauperism PDF Author: Thomas Attwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Currency question
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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Under Observation

Under Observation PDF Author: Manfried Rauchensteiner
Publisher: Böhlau Wien
ISBN: 3205202724
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 589

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Every time that something happened in Austria after 1918, the country was under observation: as German-Austria, the First Republic, the Corporative State, the Alpine and Danubian Gaue of the Greater German Reich, the Second Republic – right up to the present day. People looked, heard and generally did not keep silent, and this has not changed. As though Austria were still the same testing ground for the end of the world that Karl Kraus described it as. A gripping and varied overview of Austrian history over the last 100 years.

Observing Evolution

Observing Evolution PDF Author: Bruce S. Grant
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 1421441667
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 319

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Book Description
A firsthand account of how a modest moth demonstrated Darwin's theory of natural selection. The extraordinary tale of the humble peppered moth is at the very foundation of our acceptance of Darwinian evolution. When scientists in the early twentieth century discovered that a British population of the small, speckled Biston betularia had become black over the course of mere decades in response to the Industrial Revolution's encroaching soot, the revelation cemented Darwin's theory of natural selection. This finding was the staple example of "evolution in action" until the turn of the millennium, when proponents of Creationism fomented doubts about the legitimacy of early experiments. In the midst of this upheaval, evolutionary biologist Bruce S. Grant and his contemporaries were determinedly building a dataset that would ultimately vindicate the theory of industrial melanism in the peppered moth and, by extension, the theory of natural selection itself. Observing Evolution tells the remarkable story of this work. Shining a light on the efforts of scientists who tested Darwin's trailblazing theory, Grant chronicles the historical foundations of peppered moth research, then explains how he and his collaborators were able to push this famous study forward. He describes how his experiments were designed and conducted while painting a vivid picture of the personalities, events, and adventures around the world that shaped his successes—and struggles. His story culminates with his discovery of the mirrored "rise and fall" of melanism in peppered moth populations separated by the vastness of the Atlantic Ocean, which settled the intense controversy around evolution by documenting nature's recurring experiment. Observing Evolution is a crash course in natural selection and the history of evolutionary biology for anyone interested in Darwin's legacy. It's also a fascinating read for lepidopterists and scientists about the bridge between classic experiments and today's sophisticated DNA sequencing, which reveals in ever greater detail how the lives of these tiny organisms have such enormous implications. —Douglas J. Futuyma, Quarterly Review of Biology

Considerations on the State of the Colonial Currency and Foreign Exchanges at the Cape of Good Hope

Considerations on the State of the Colonial Currency and Foreign Exchanges at the Cape of Good Hope PDF Author: Peter Warden Grant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Currency question
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency

A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency PDF Author: Benjamin Franklin
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781499356137
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Book Description
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 - April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and in many ways was "the First American." A world-renowned polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other inventions. He facilitated many civic organizations, including Philadelphia's fire department and a university. Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat." To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become." Franklin, always proud of his working class roots, became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies. With two partners he published the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of the British policies. He became wealthy publishing Poor Richard's Almanack and The Pennsylvania Gazette. Franklin was also the printer of books for the Moravians of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (1742 on). Franklin's printed Moravian books (printed in German) are preserved, and can be viewed, at the Moravian Archives located in Bethlehem. Franklin visited Bethlehem many times and stayed at the Moravian Sun Inn. For many years he was the British postmaster for the colonies, which enabled him to set up the first national communications network. He was active in community affairs, colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. From 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania. Toward the end of his life, he freed his own slaves and became one of the most prominent abolitionists. His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin honored on coinage and the $100 bill; warships, the names of many towns, counties, educational institutions, namesakes, and companies, and, more than two centuries after his death, countless cultural references. In 1736, Franklin created the Union Fire Company, one of the first volunteer firefighting companies in America. In the same year, he printed a new currency for New Jersey based on innovative anti-counterfeiting techniques he had devised. Throughout his career, Franklin was an advocate for paper money, publishing A Modest Enquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency in 1729, and his printer printed money. He was influential in the more restrained and thus successful monetary experiments in the Middle Colonies, which stopped deflation without causing excessive inflation. In 1766 he made a case for paper money to the British House of Commons. As he matured, Franklin began to concern himself more with public affairs. In 1743, he set forth a scheme for The Academy, Charity School, and College of Philadelphia.

Money and Class in America

Money and Class in America PDF Author: Lewis Lapham
Publisher: OR Books
ISBN: 9781944869892
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
"Money and Class in America: Notes and Observations on Our Civil Religion was first published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, New York, in 1988"--Title pages verso.

Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty

Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty PDF Author: Richard Price
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Book Description