Numerical Studies on Haze and Photochemical Smog Pollution in China PDF Download
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Author: Li Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
To investigate the effects of HONO on smog pollution over the PRD-HK, comprehensive sources of HONO, including the heterogeneous formations on the ocean, urban, and vegetation surfaces, traffic emissions, new gaseous formation pathways, and recently proposed biological sources, were parameterized into WRF-Chem. The updated model was applied to study a severe multiple-day smog episode in August 2011 over PRD-HK. Our simulations suggested that the heterogeneous source of HONO from ground, ocean, and aerosol surfaces were the major contributor (~54%) to the observed HONO concentration in Hong Kong, followed by the biological source (~29%) and gaseous sources (~9%). The new HONO sources noticeably affect the regional oxidation capacity with an increase of 10-20% in OH radical and significantly enhanced the smog pollution with increases of 8-15%, 20-30%, and 10-15% in O3, nitrate, and total PM2.5, respectively, over the PRD-HK. The results clearly show that HONO plays an important role in photochemical smog pollution over the PRD-HK region and underscores the needs of implementations of comprehensive HONO formations into regional air quality models before utilizing them for refining ozone-control or PM2.5-control policies in the future.
Author: Li Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Get Book Here
Book Description
To investigate the effects of HONO on smog pollution over the PRD-HK, comprehensive sources of HONO, including the heterogeneous formations on the ocean, urban, and vegetation surfaces, traffic emissions, new gaseous formation pathways, and recently proposed biological sources, were parameterized into WRF-Chem. The updated model was applied to study a severe multiple-day smog episode in August 2011 over PRD-HK. Our simulations suggested that the heterogeneous source of HONO from ground, ocean, and aerosol surfaces were the major contributor (~54%) to the observed HONO concentration in Hong Kong, followed by the biological source (~29%) and gaseous sources (~9%). The new HONO sources noticeably affect the regional oxidation capacity with an increase of 10-20% in OH radical and significantly enhanced the smog pollution with increases of 8-15%, 20-30%, and 10-15% in O3, nitrate, and total PM2.5, respectively, over the PRD-HK. The results clearly show that HONO plays an important role in photochemical smog pollution over the PRD-HK region and underscores the needs of implementations of comprehensive HONO formations into regional air quality models before utilizing them for refining ozone-control or PM2.5-control policies in the future.
Author: Hong He
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811969566
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
This book summarizes the new major research findings about formation mechanism and control strategies of haze in China, including basic theories, key technologies, equipment and platforms and the applications and implementations of control technologies, in implementing the Strategic Priority Research Program (Class B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Different types of air pollution processes experienced by the developed countries in different stages are out-breaking simultaneously in China in the recent years and resulting a new type of “haze chemistry smog” pollution, which is different from the “London smog” and the “Los Angeles photochemical smog”. This book provides a useful reference for related researchers, engineers and policy-makers engaged in atmospheric pollution research, prevention and control in China and other countries.
Author: Chaomei Chen
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781536102802
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
CiteSpace is a freely available computer program written in Java for visualizing and analyzing literature of a scientific domain. A knowledge domain is broadly defined in order to capture the notion of a logically and cohesively organized body of knowledge. It may range from specific topics such as post-traumatic stress disorder to fields of study lacking clear-cut boundaries, such as research on terrorism or regenerative medicine. CiteSpace takes bibliographic information, especially citation information from the Web of Science, and generates interactive visualizations. Users can explore various patterns and trends uncovered from scientific publications, and develop a good understanding of scientific literature much more efficiently than they would from an unguided search through literature. The full text of many scientific publications can be accessed with a single click through the interactive visualization in CiteSpace. At the end of a session, CiteSpace can generate a summary report to summarize key information about the literature analyzed. This book is a practical guide not only on how to operate the tool but also on why the tool is designed and what implications of various patterns that require special attention. This book is written with a minimum amount of jargon. It uses everyday language to explain what people may learn from the writings of scholars of all kinds.
Author: Kylienne A. Clark
Publisher: The Ohio State University
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
This book was written by undergraduate students at The Ohio State University (OSU) who were enrolled in the class Introduction to Environmental Science. The chapters describe some of Earth's major environmental challenges and discuss ways that humans are using cutting-edge science and engineering to provide sustainable solutions to these problems. Topics are as diverse as the students, who represent virtually every department, school and college at OSU. The environmental issue that is described in each chapter is particularly important to the author, who hopes that their story will serve as inspiration to protect Earth for all life.
Author: Alan Rodgman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 146651552X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2334
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Book Description
Authored by two longtime researchers in tobacco science, The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, Second Edition chronicles the progress made from late 2008 through 2011 by scientists in the field of tobacco science. The book examines the isolation and characterization of each component. It explores developments in pertinent analytical
Author: Xuejun Liu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811385149
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) emissions, as an important component of global N cycle, have been significantly altered by anthropogenic activities, and consequently have had a global impact on air pollution and ecosystem services. Due to rapid agricultural, industrial, and urban development, China has been experiencing an increase in reactive N emissions and deposition since the late 1970s. Based on a literature review, this book summarizes recent research on: 1) atmospheric reactive N in China from a global perspective (Chapter 1); 2) atmospheric reactive N emissions, deposition and budget in China (Chapters 2-5); 3) the contribution of atmospheric reactive N to air pollution (e.g., haze, surface O3, and acid deposition) (Chapters 6-8); 4) the impacts of N deposition on sensitive ecosystems (e.g., forests, grasslands, deserts and lakes) (Chapters 9-12); and 5) the regulatory strategies for mitigation of atmospheric reactive N pollution from agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in China (Chapters 13-14). As such it offers graduate students, researchers, educators in agricultural, ecological and environmental sciences, and policy makers a glimpse of the environmental issues related to reactive N in China .
Author: T. R. Oke
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108179363
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428902805
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309182751
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic air pollutant produced largely from vehicle emissions. Breathing CO at high concentrations leads to reduced oxygen transport by hemoglobin, which has health effects that include impaired reaction timing, headaches, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, clouding of consciousness, coma, and, at high enough concentrations and long enough exposure, death. In recognition of those health effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as directed by the Clean Air Act, established the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for CO in 1971. Most areas that were previously designated as "nonattainment" areas have come into compliance with the NAAQS for CO, but some locations still have difficulty in attaining the CO standards. Those locations tend to have topographical or meteorological characteristics that exacerbate pollution. In view of the challenges posed for some areas to attain compliance with the NAAQS for CO, congress asked the National Research Council to investigate the problem of CO in areas with meteorological and topographical problems. This interim report deals specifically with Fairbanks, Alaska. Fairbanks was chosen as a case study because its meteorological and topographical characteristics make it susceptible to severe winter inversions that trap CO and other pollutants at ground level.
Author: Peter Warneck
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080529062
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 947
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Book Description
Knowledge of thc chemical behavior of trace compounds in the atmosphere has grown steadily, and sometimes even spectacularly, in recent decades. These developments have led to the emergence of atmospheric chemistry as a new branch of science. This book covers all aspects of atmospheric chemistry on a global scale, integrating information from chemistry and geochemistry, physics, and biology to provide a unified account. For each atmospheric constituent of interest, the text summarizes the principal observations on global distribution, chemical reactions, natural and anthropogenic sources, and physical removal processes. Coverage includes processes in the gas phase, in aerosols and c1ouds, and in precipitation, as well as biogeochemical cycles and the evolution of the atmosphere. Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, Second Edition, will serve as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, and as an essential reference for atmospheric chemists, meteorologists, and anyone studying the biogeochemical cycles of trace gases.* Updated extensively from the highly respected first edition * Treats the global-scale chemistry and distribution of atmospheric trace constituents * Emphasizes observations and their interpretation* Provides background on transport and reaction kinetics for interpretation of observational data* Includes chemistry in the gas phase and in aerosols and clouds* Details chemical reaction pathways for the most important trace constituents* Describes pertinent biogeochemical cycles* Written by an author with more than 40 years of research experience in atmospheric chemistry
