Novel Pulsed Optical Parametric Sources in the Mid-infrared and the Application Towards High-resolution Molecular Spectroscopy PDF Download
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Author: Hanyu Ye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
The mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region coincides with fundamental rotational-vibrational transitions of a large number of molecules in the gas phase. The strong interaction between mid-IR light sources and these gaseous molecules has enabled experimental investigations of energy-level structures of various molecules and also led to a series of spectroscopic applications in, for example, biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and combustion diagnostics. Nanosecond pulsed optical parametric sources tunable in the mid-IR are versatile tools offering the potential to access different molecular transitions. Their compact size and relatively high pulse energy allow convenient and sensitive detection in various types of spectroscopy. Achievable narrow linewidths close to Fourier transform limit also make it possible to resolve Doppler-limited fine absorption lines and distinguish different species with high selectivity. As such, this thesis aims at the further development of pulsed optical parametric sources in the mid-IR region, employing different nonlinear materials and down-conversion configurations, as well as their application towards high-resolution molecular spectroscopy. We have demonstrated optical parametric generation (OPG) in the newly invented nonlinear crystal, orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP). Pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, the OPG source at 25 kHz repetition rate generates tunable radiation across 1721-1850 nm and 2504-2787 nm. Detailed characterization including temperature tuning, pump transmission, and OPG threshold validated the performance of OP-GaP as the next-generation quasi-phase-matched nonlinear material. Following the development of the OPG, we further successfully demonstrated and characterized a singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on OP-GaP. Driven by the same Nd:YAG laser at 50 kHz repetition rate, the OPO delivers mid-IR idler in the spectral range of 2.8-3.1 μm. Absorption-induced thermal effects in the OP-GaP sample were revealed and studied using different pump power levels. We also demonstrated a stable, pulsed degenerate OPO at 2.1 μm based on MgO:PPLN and pumped by the same Nd:YAG laser with variable repetition rates from 65 kHz to 90 kHz. The OPO, in a Littrow-grating-cavity configuration, can provide up to 2.7 W of degenerate output with good pulse-to-pulse and long-term power stability. The spectral narrowing effect of the grating-cavity was also examined and compared to a plane-mirror linear cavity. Finally, we developed a high-resolution difference-frequency spectrometer in the spectral range of 3308.5-3317.3 nm. The mid-IR source for the spectrometer was based on single-frequency, mode-hop-free tunable, pulsed difference-frequency-generation (DFG) in MgO:PPLN. A part of the methane spectrum in the Q-branch of v3-band was resolved and compared to HITRAN simulation in both atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure. This conceptual technique can be extended to broader mid-IR regions for detecting various other molecules or to higher energy level for nonlinear spectroscopy with high resolution.
Author: Hanyu Ye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
The mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region coincides with fundamental rotational-vibrational transitions of a large number of molecules in the gas phase. The strong interaction between mid-IR light sources and these gaseous molecules has enabled experimental investigations of energy-level structures of various molecules and also led to a series of spectroscopic applications in, for example, biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and combustion diagnostics. Nanosecond pulsed optical parametric sources tunable in the mid-IR are versatile tools offering the potential to access different molecular transitions. Their compact size and relatively high pulse energy allow convenient and sensitive detection in various types of spectroscopy. Achievable narrow linewidths close to Fourier transform limit also make it possible to resolve Doppler-limited fine absorption lines and distinguish different species with high selectivity. As such, this thesis aims at the further development of pulsed optical parametric sources in the mid-IR region, employing different nonlinear materials and down-conversion configurations, as well as their application towards high-resolution molecular spectroscopy. We have demonstrated optical parametric generation (OPG) in the newly invented nonlinear crystal, orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP). Pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, the OPG source at 25 kHz repetition rate generates tunable radiation across 1721-1850 nm and 2504-2787 nm. Detailed characterization including temperature tuning, pump transmission, and OPG threshold validated the performance of OP-GaP as the next-generation quasi-phase-matched nonlinear material. Following the development of the OPG, we further successfully demonstrated and characterized a singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on OP-GaP. Driven by the same Nd:YAG laser at 50 kHz repetition rate, the OPO delivers mid-IR idler in the spectral range of 2.8-3.1 μm. Absorption-induced thermal effects in the OP-GaP sample were revealed and studied using different pump power levels. We also demonstrated a stable, pulsed degenerate OPO at 2.1 μm based on MgO:PPLN and pumped by the same Nd:YAG laser with variable repetition rates from 65 kHz to 90 kHz. The OPO, in a Littrow-grating-cavity configuration, can provide up to 2.7 W of degenerate output with good pulse-to-pulse and long-term power stability. The spectral narrowing effect of the grating-cavity was also examined and compared to a plane-mirror linear cavity. Finally, we developed a high-resolution difference-frequency spectrometer in the spectral range of 3308.5-3317.3 nm. The mid-IR source for the spectrometer was based on single-frequency, mode-hop-free tunable, pulsed difference-frequency-generation (DFG) in MgO:PPLN. A part of the methane spectrum in the Q-branch of v3-band was resolved and compared to HITRAN simulation in both atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure. This conceptual technique can be extended to broader mid-IR regions for detecting various other molecules or to higher energy level for nonlinear spectroscopy with high resolution.
Author: Jürgen Krieg
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736940122
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
The infrared spectral region between wavelengths of 2 and 6 µm is of great importance in molecular physics. Molecules with an X-H bond (X being carbon, nitrogen or oxygen) exhibit strong vibrational transitions there, but also linear carbon clusters Cn (n=2,3,...). Many combination bands and overtones of low-energy vibrational modes also occur in this spectral range. Analyses of these spectral features allow - if highly resolved - for example the prediction of pure rotational transitions in the sub-mm wavelength regime, or help understanding the internal dynamics of the molecule. To provide radiation sources with extremely large frequency coverage, two optical parametric oscillator (OPO) systems in the wavelength regions from 2.5 to 4.1 µm and from 4.7 to 5.4 µm have been set up and characterized in this thesis. The OPO system around 5 µm wavelength is the only one in this spectral region used in high-resolution spectroscopy up to now. Both of the OPO systems have been shown to be ideal tools for spectroscopic studies delivering highly accurate transition frequencies of transient molecules, using the following example cases: The rovibrational spectrum of the fundamental cation CH2D+ around 3.2 µm wavelength has been measured with unprecedented spectral resolution and frequency accuracy. The combination of the OPO as radiation source with a cold ion trap to produce and store the ions has been proven to have a high predictive power for pure rotational transition frequencies of CH2D+. Located at around 100 to 200 GHz, these are of great importance in astrophysics. The V3 fundamental vibration of Si2C3 around 5.1 µm wavelength has been measured using the OPO and a newly built jet spectrometer for the production of transient molecules. Molecular parameters have been determined with high precision. An associated hot band originating from the V7 vibrational bending mode has been resolved and analyzed for the first time. The pure carbon clusters C3 and C7 have also been examined. For the first time, a combination band of C3 and an associated hot band were detected around 3.0 µm wavelength in the gas phase. Their analyses yield valuable information about the potential energy surface of C3. Analysis of the V5 mode of C7 delivered further proof of its rigidity, which was put into question by earlier works. Last but not least, a previously unknown associated hot band of C7 has been detected and analyzed.
Author:
Publisher: Allied Publishers
ISBN: 9788177645644
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 760
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Imaging systems
Languages : en
Pages : 812
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Book Description
Author: Konstantin L. Vodopyanov
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119011973
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
An important guide to the major techniques for generating coherent light in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum Laser-based Mid-infrared Sources and Applications gives a comprehensive overview of the existing methods for generating coherent light in the important yet difficult-to-reach mid-infrared region of the spectrum (2–20 μm) and their applications. The book describes major approaches for mid-infrared light generation including ion-doped solid-state lasers, fiber lasers, semiconductor lasers, and laser sources based on nonlinear optical frequency conversion, and reviews a range of applications: spectral recognition of molecules and trace gas sensing, biomedical and military applications, high-field physics and attoscience, and others. Every chapter starts with the fundamentals for a given technique that enables self-directed study, while extensive references help conduct deeper research. Laser-based Mid-infrared Sources and Applications provides up-to-date information on the state-of the art mid-infrared sources, discusses in detail the advancements made over the last two decades such as microresonators and interband cascade lasers, and explores novel approaches that are currently subjects of intense research such as supercontinuum and frequency combs generation. This important book: • Explains the fundamental principles and major techniques for coherent mid-infrared light generation • Discusses recent advancements and current cutting-edge research in the field • Highlights important biomedical, environmental, and military applications Written for researchers, academics, students, and engineers from different disciplines, the book helps navigate the rapidly expanding field of mid-infrared laser-based technologies.
Author: Irina T. Sorokina
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540006214
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
The book describes the most advanced techniques for generating coherent light in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum. These techniques represent diverse areas of photonics and include heterojunction semiconductor lasers, quantum cascade lasers, tunable crystalline lasers, fiber lasers, Raman lasers, and optical parametric laser sources. Offering authoritative reviews by internationally recognized experts, the book provides a wealth of information on the essential principles and methods of the generation of coherent mid-infrared light and on some of its applications. The instructive nature of the book makes it an excellent text for physicists and practicing engineers who want to use mid-infrared laser sources in spectroscopy, medicine, remote sensing and other fields, and for researchers in various disciplines requiring a broad introduction to the subject.
Author: Ruqayyah F. M. H. H. Askar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Multi-reflection optical cells are used in a wide variety of applications. They are commonly used as optical pumping systems and as optical delay lines. One of the most important applications of multi-reflection optical cells is in the field of gas detection and gas concentration measurements. This includes applications in industry and in global warming studies. The global concern regarding greenhouse trace gases is increasing with the ongoing industrial growth and the upraising needs of the total population on Earth nowadays, in addition to the big influence on the global climate stability. This resulted in an accelerated development of trace gas detection techniques in many fields over the last years. Molecular spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques available today. It provides highly sensitive and selective measurements of greenhouse trace gases and their isotopic ratios not only for indoor samples but also for atmospheric estimations and in-situ measurements. In this research, a long path multi-reflection optical cell is implemented in the first part for highly sensitive molecular spectroscopy applications. In the second part, two mid-infrared frequency combs are characterized by their experimentally revealed broad-band spectra and interferometric autocorrelation traces. The use of a long path multi-reflection cell along with a highly coherent characterized broad-band frequency comb laser source allows for sensitive molecular spectroscopic measurements over a broad bandwidth for the detection of various greenhouse gases on a short time scale. In the mid-infrared region, also known as infrared fingerprint region, methane and almost all the molecules have sharp rotational-vibrational absorption intensities, which brought a noticeable interest to the mid-infrared region for trace gas detection experiments. Based on this, preliminary results of dual frequency comb molecular absorption spectroscopy, as the third and the final part of this experiment, are presented as an application of the long optical path multi-reflection cell based on mid-infrared frequency comb laser sources centered at 3.2 [mu]m for the detection of methane in ambient air. A concentration of 1.2 ppmv is reported in this experiment for methane in our laboratory's environment where a relative humidity level of 4% produces a strong background of water lines. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152856
Author: Craig Hoffman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351247174
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 3726
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Book Description
The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering provided a valuable reference concerning devices or systems that generate, transmit, measure, or detect light, and to a lesser degree, the basic interaction of light and matter. This Second Edition not only reflects the changes in optical and photonic engineering that have occurred since the first edition was published, but also: Boasts a wealth of new material, expanding the encyclopedia’s length by 25 percent Contains extensive updates, with significant revisions made throughout the text Features contributions from engineers and scientists leading the fields of optics and photonics today With the addition of a second editor, the Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering, Second Edition offers a balanced and up-to-date look at the fundamentals of a diverse portfolio of technologies and discoveries in areas ranging from x-ray optics to photon entanglement and beyond. This edition’s release corresponds nicely with the United Nations General Assembly’s declaration of 2015 as the International Year of Light, working in tandem to raise awareness about light’s important role in the modern world. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail)
[email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail)
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Author: Colin Webb
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420050532
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2779
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Book Description
The invention of the laser was one of the towering achievements of the twentieth century. At the opening of the twenty-first century we are witnessing the burgeoning of the myriad technical innovations to which that invention has led. The Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications is a practical and long-lasting reference source for scientists a
Author: Giel Berden
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781444308242
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications provides a practical overview of this valuable analytical tool, explaining the fundamental concepts and experimental methods, and illustrating important applications. Designed as both an introductory text and a reference source, this book is relevant for scientists unfamiliar with CRDS who are interested in using the technique in their research, as well as experienced users.
