Author: International Monetary
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513573136
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 14

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Selected Issues

Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484377109
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 33

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Book Description
This Selected Issues paper describes wages and competitiveness in Norway. Norway may have to downwardly revise its expectations for wage growth if it is to avoid a significant loss of competitiveness and manage the transition to a less oil-dependent economy. Norway was able to afford very high wage growth in the past (notwithstanding the noted challenges in several sectors) thanks to good fortune in its terms of trade. Going forward, it would be prudent not to count on being fortunate twice: wage moderation would help build resilience in case of less favorable trends in international prices. It would also help facilitate the needed transition out of oil by supporting sectors that did not benefit from past terms of trade gains. Communication from the government can continue to help in managing public expectations. Fiscal policy plays a key role in promoting competitiveness and containing the spending effect of Dutch Disease. After a prolonged expansion of fiscal policy—partly enabled by large valuation gains of the sovereign wealth fund—it is now appropriate to gradually start tightening fiscal policy. The ongoing up-cycle provides an ideal setting to get started on structural consolidation, which will ultimately be needed to face to address aging pressures.

Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781513527253
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Ian Parry
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317602080
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 307

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Book Description
Although the future extent and effects of global climate change remain uncertain, the expected damages are not zero, and risks of serious environmental and macroeconomic consequences rise with increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the uncertainties, reducing emissions now makes sense, and a carbon tax is the simplest, most effective, and least costly way to do this. At the same time, a carbon tax would provide substantial new revenues which may be badly needed, given historically high debt-to-GDP levels, pressures on social security and medical budgets, and calls to reform taxes on personal and corporate income. This book is about the practicalities of introducing a carbon tax, set against the broader fiscal context. It consists of thirteen chapters, written by leading experts, covering the full range of issues policymakers would need to understand, such as the revenue potential of a carbon tax, how the tax can be administered, the advantages of carbon taxes over other mitigation instruments and the environmental and macroeconomic impacts of the tax. A carbon tax can work in the United States. This volume shows how, by laying out sound design principles, opportunities for broader policy reforms, and feasible solutions to specific implementation challenges.

Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513532758
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 27

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This Technical Note reviews the oversight and supervisory framework for systemically important Financial Market Infrastructure (FMI) in Norway. Norway has a modern and stable FMI. The assessment results suggest an effective supervision and oversight framework supported by a strong legal basis, adequate oversight resources, and good domestic and foreign cooperation between authorities. All Norwegian FMIs have completed assessments against the new international standards and are in the process of improving observance where needed. The authorities could consider strengthening their cooperation to address the risks from outsourced critical infrastructures and tighter interdependencies across FMIs. The authorities could also consider additional measures to strengthen the operational resiliency of payment systems.

Author: International Monetary
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Book Description
Switzerland: Selected Issues

Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 926401490X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 227

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Book Description
In this 2004 survey of the Norwegian economy, OECD examines measures needed to sustain it currently strong economic performance. The special chapter covers competition and economic performance.

Author: Jan Sjåvik
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 0810872137
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Book Description
One of the smallest countries in Europe, Norway has created for itself a position in the world community, which is completely out of proportion to the size of its population. Originally the home of sub-Arctic hunters and gatherers, then of ferocious Vikings, it lost perhaps half of its population to the Black Death in 1349, ended up in a union with Denmark that lasted until 1814, and then became united with Sweden, gaining complete independence only as recently as 1905. Over the centuries the Norwegians eked out a meager living from stony fields and treacherous seas while suffering through hunger, darkness, and cold, however, its recent productive use of such natural resources as hydroelectric power, natural gas, and oil has made the Norwegians some of the richest people in the world. The A to Z of Norway supplies a wealth of information that illuminates Norway's remarkable history, society, and culture. This is done through a chronology, a bibliography, an introductory essay, appendixes, and over 250 cross-referenced dictionary entries covering events and individuals of historical, political, social, and cultural significance. Both past and present political parties are discussed, major economic sectors are described, and basic economic facts are provided. Several entries describe the history and attractions of major Norwegian cities, and Norway's role in the international community is detailed as well providing a full portrait of this vibrant country.

Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475528868
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34

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Book Description
This paper focuses on Norway’s 2013 Article IV Consultation on economic policies to enhance long-term competitiveness. The success of the oil sector has created new competitiveness challenges. The IMF report states that rapid increases in oil wealth are also adding further pressures on the economy despite sound oil revenue management anchored by a fiscal rule. It also highlights that a slower rate of spending could better align the expected fiscal transfers with the expected long run aging- related costs that peak only after oil production is largely over.

Author: Ole Marius Hylland
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003820891
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 179

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Book Description
What happens when cultural policy turns digital? Digital Transformation and Cultural Policies in Europe analyzes and compares different digital cultural policies of Europe. Through case studies of seven European countries (UK, Germany, Croatia, Sweden, Spain, Norway, and Switzerland) as well as the analysis of EU digital cultural policy, the book investigates what happens when cultural policy gets changed and challenged by digital culture. Based on a thorough discussion of key concepts and analytical perspectives, this collection also offers a unique multi-disciplinary contribution that shows how digital cultural policy is hyperconvergent. These policies contain established ideas of cultural policy – such as democratization, welfare, access, and national, protectionist ideas – brought together within a digital framework, while also adding new cultural policy tools and instruments, such as digital standards, international regulations, directives, etc. The book shows how digital cultural policies are works in progress, struggling to align their aspirations with their effectiveness. Overall, this book provides a valuable tool for understanding the current policy framework of digital culture. It will be of interest not only to scholars and students in cultural and creative industries but also to creative professionals and policy makers.