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Author: Markus Eichhorn
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111890592X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Organised into four sections, this text discusses the organisation of the living world. Links Ecology, Biodiversity and Biogeography Bridges modern and conventional Ecology Builds sequentially from the concept and importance of species, through patterns of diversity to help consider global patterns of biogeography Uses real data sets to help train in essential skills
Author: Markus Eichhorn
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111890592X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Organised into four sections, this text discusses the organisation of the living world. Links Ecology, Biodiversity and Biogeography Bridges modern and conventional Ecology Builds sequentially from the concept and importance of species, through patterns of diversity to help consider global patterns of biogeography Uses real data sets to help train in essential skills
Author: Greg Anderson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107175216
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Fully updated, this streamlined new textbook is an accessible introduction to thermodynamics for Earth and environmental scientists, emphasising real-world problems.
Author: Donald L. DeAngelis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642826253
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Cybernetics, a science concerned with understanding how systems are regulated, has reflected the preoccupations of the century in which it was born. Regulation is important in twentieth century society, where both machines and social organizations are complex. Cybernetics focused on and became primarily associated with the homeostasis or stability of system behavior and with the negative feedbacks that stabilize systems. It paid less attention to the processes opposite to negative feedback, the positive feedback processes that act to change systems. We attempt to redress the balance here by illustrating the enormous importance of positive feedbacks in natural systems. In an article in the American Scientist in 1963, Maruyama called for increased attention to this topic, noting that processes of change could occur when a "deviation in anyone component of the system caused deviations in other components that acted back on the first component to reinforce of amplify the initial deviation." The deviation amplification is the result of positive feedback among system components. Maruyama demonstrated by numerous examples that the neglect of such processes was unjustified and suggested that a new branch of cybernetics, "the second cybernetics," be devoted to their study.
Author: John H. Holland
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262581110
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.
Author: Sherwood C. Reed
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 9780071346627
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
MANAGE WASTE AT LOWER COST WITH EMERGING NATURAL SYSTEMS Biologically-based waste management systems are emerging as a more reliable, less costly alternative to conventional energy-intensive mechanical process. If you're involved in planning, designing, building, upgrading or operating waste management facilities, Natural Systems for Waste Management and Treatment, Second Edition, by Sherwood C. Reed, Ronald W. Crites, and E. Joe Middlebrooks, can help you quickly evaluate and adopt one or more of these innovative technologies. Complete with performance data plus easy-to-follow design procedures (with example), it gives you a thorough working backgroud in: Wastewater stabilization ponds; Aquatic treatment systems; Feasibility assessment; Land treatment systems; Wetland systems; Site selection; Planning; Sludge management and treatment; On-site wastewater management; Much more.
Author: David A. Chin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471784540
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 628
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Book Description
FOCUSING ON CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT, DESIGN OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS This textbook details the fundamental equations that describe the fate and transport of contaminantsin the water environment. The application of these fundamental equations to the design of environmental-control systems and methodologies for assessing the impact of contaminant discharges into rivers, lakes, wetlands, ground water, and oceans are all covered. Readers learn to assess how much waste can be safely assimilatedinto a water body by developing a solid understanding of the relationship between the type of pollutant discharged, the characteristics of the receiving water, and physical, chemical, and biological impacts. In cases of surface runoff from urban and agricultural watersheds, quantitative relationships between the quality of surface runoff and the characteristics of contaminant sources located within the watersheds are presented. Some of the text's distinguishing features include its emphasis on the engineering design of systems that control the fate and transport of contaminants in the water environment, the design of remediation systems, and regulatory constraints. Particular attention is given to use-attainability analyses and the estimation of total maximum daily loads, both of which are essential components of water-quality control in natural systems. Readers are provided with a thorough explanation of the complex set of laws and regulations governing water-quality control in the United States. Proven as an effective textbook in several offerings of the author's class "Water Quality Control in Natural Systems," the flow of the text is carefully structured to facilitate learning. Moreover, a number of practical pedagogical tools are offered: * Practical examples used throughout the text illustrate the effects of controlling the quality, quantity, timing, and distribution of contaminant discharges into the environment * End-of-chapter problems, and an accompanying solutions manual, help readers assess their grasp of each topic as they progress through the text * Several appendices with useful reference material are provided, including current U.S. Water Quality Standards * Detailed bibliography guides readers to additional resources to explore particular topics in greater depth With its emphasis on contaminant fate and transport and design of environmental-control systems, this text is ideal for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental and civil engineering programs.Environmental scientists and practicing environmental/civil engineers will also find the text relevant and useful.
Author: James B. Grace
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139457845
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
This book, first published in 2006, presents an introduction to the methodology of structural equation modeling, illustrates its use, and goes on to argue that it has revolutionary implications for the study of natural systems. A major theme of this book is that we have, up to this point, attempted to study systems primarily using methods (such as the univariate model) that were designed only for considering individual processes. Understanding systems requires the capacity to examine simultaneous influences and responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has such capabilities. It also possesses many other traits that add strength to its utility as a means of making scientific progress. In light of the capabilities of SEM, it can be argued that much of ecological theory is currently locked in an immature state that impairs its relevance. It is further argued that the principles of SEM are capable of leading to the development and evaluation of multivariate theories of the sort vitally needed for the conservation of natural systems.
Author: Daniel J. Basta
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317368703
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
This report was undertaken on local, regional, state and federal levels in the United States to analyse the impact residuals have on environmental quality and to emphasise the need for Residuals- Environmental quality management (REQM). Originally published in 1982, this study brings together information on approaches for analysing natural systems and which factors to consider when choosing an approach. This title will be of interest to students of environmental studies as well as professionals and policy makers.
Author: Georges Guille-Escuret
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1786302004
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Trapped between the caricatured causalities of biological determinism and the sinister abdications of sociological relativism, socio-ecological interdisciplinarity stagnates. It has lost sight of the ambition of a long-term program and no longer works to conduct applied research on the concrete prerequisites for reliable cooperation, despite an accumulation of emergencies. The difficulty lies in the general and prolonged abandonment of necessary procedures under the influence of hidden philosophical presumptions. In the end, ecology, sociology, history, economics, agronomy, etc. are seriously handicapped by the absence of a common epistemology of comparative practice, an absence maintained by the dominant epistemology itself. Social Structures and Natural Systems seeks to demonstrate, with regard to social anthropology and ecology, a scientific compatibility of research subject to methodological requirements that are deductible from the conditions of the existence of science itself. All of this boils down to one observation: this book will be a success if, and only if, it becomes a beginning.
Author: Jianguo Liu
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198703554
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
Part I. Empirical and theoretical foundations -- Part II. Model coupled human and natural system -- Part III. Across local to global coupled human and natural systems -- Part IV. Perspectives
