Natural Analogues in Performance Assessments for the Disposal of Long Lived Radioactive Wastes PDF Download
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
A unique and scientifically most difficult aspect of predictive safety analysis of repositories for long lived wastes is the extrapolation of short term field and laboratory data to the long periods of time required by regulatory agencies for performance assessment. Natural analogues may be the only way of obtaining data on the cumulative effect of the migration of radionuclides over the time-scales of interest. This report briefly summarizes the state of the art in this field for technical specialists and may also serve as an introduction to the subject for managers.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
A unique and scientifically most difficult aspect of predictive safety analysis of repositories for long lived wastes is the extrapolation of short term field and laboratory data to the long periods of time required by regulatory agencies for performance assessment. Natural analogues may be the only way of obtaining data on the cumulative effect of the migration of radionuclides over the time-scales of interest. This report briefly summarizes the state of the art in this field for technical specialists and may also serve as an introduction to the subject for managers.
Author: N. Chapman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080539522
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
This handbook is concerned with developing principles and standards for the safe disposal of solid radioactive wastes by burial deep in the Earth's crust. Radioactive wastes have focussed thinking on long-term environmental protection issues in an unprecedented way. Consequently, the way in which principles and standards are set, and the thinking behind this, is of wider interest than to the nuclear field alone. The issues are not just technical and scientific. There is also a much wider philosophical context to the debate, centering on ethics, human values and the expectations of society. In this handbook it is intended that all theses issues are brought together, suggesting appropriate ways forward in each area, culminating in a proposed structure for safety regulations. It also aims to provide a detailed discussion of some of the most difficult logical an ethical issues facing those wishing to dispose of long-lived radioactive wastes.
Author: W. Miller
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080532454
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Many countries are currently exploring the option to dispose of highly radioactive solid wastes deep underground in purpose built, engineered repositories. A number of surface and shallow repositories for less radioactive wastes are already in operation. One of the challenges facing the nuclear industry is to demonstrate confidently that a repository will contain wastes for so long that any releases that might take place in the future will pose no significant health or environmental risk. One method for building confidence in the long-term future safety of a repository is to look at the physical and chemical processes which operate in natural and archaeological systems, and to draw appropriate parallels with the repository. For example, to understand why some uranium orebodies have remained isolated underground for billions of years. Such studies are called 'natural analogues'. This book investigates the concept of geological disposal and examines the wide range of natural analogues which have been studied. Lessons learnt from studies of archaeological and natural systems can be used to improve our capabilities for assessing the future safety of a radioactive waste repository.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Author: W.M. Miller
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080875163
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
The first purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive review of the state of development of natural analogue studies with emphasis on those studies which are relevant to the following repository designs: Nagra (Switzerland) disposal concepts for high-level waste/low and intermediate-level waste; SKB (Sweden) disposal concepts for spent fuel/low and intermediate-level waste; and Nirex (UK) disposal concept for low and intermediate-level waste. The book's second aim is to discuss the expanding application of natural analogues for non-performance assessment purposes, especially their potential for presenting the concept of geological disposal to various interested audiences in a coherent, understandable and scientifically legitimate manner. Much of the discussion of the book is relevant to concepts for geological disposal of radioactive wastes by other countries, and is concerned only with those physico-chemical processes which control the release of radionuclides from the near-field, and their subsequent retardation and transport in the geosphere.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Book Description
Author: Gianni Petrangeli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008046078X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Nuclear Safety provides the methods and data needed to evaluate and manage the safety of nuclear facilities and related processes using risk-based safety analysis, and provides readers with the techniques to assess the consequences of radioactive releases. The book covers relevant international and regional safety criteria (US, IAEA, EUR, PUN, URD, INI). The contents deal with each of the critical components of a nuclear plant, and provide an analysis of the risks arising from a variety of sources, including earthquakes, tornadoes, external impact and human factors. It also deals with the safety of underground nuclear testing and the handling of radioactive waste. Covers all plant components and potential sources of risk including human, technical and natural factors. Brings together information on nuclear safety for which the reader would previously have to consult many different and expensive sources. Provides international design and safety criteria and an overview of regulatory regimes.
Author: Ferenc L. Toth
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048187125
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 639
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Book Description
Fossil fuels will remain the backbone of the global energy economy for the foreseeable future. The contribution of nuclear energy to the global energy supply is also expected to increase. With the pressing need to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the fossil energy industry is exploring the possibility of carbon dioxide disposal in geological media. Geological disposal has been studied for decades by the nuclear industry with a view to ensuring the safe containment of its wastes. Geological disposal of carbon dioxide and that of radioactive waste gives rise to many common concerns in domains ranging from geology to public acceptance. In this respect, comparative assessments reveal many similarities, ranging from the transformation of the geological environment and safety and monitoring concerns to regulatory, liability and public acceptance issues. However, there are profound differences on a broad range of issues as well, such as the quantities and hazardous features of the materials to be disposed of, the characteristics of the targeted geological media, the site engineering technologies involved and the timescales required for safe containment at the disposal location. There are ample opportunities to learn from comparisons and to derive insights that will assist policymakers responsible for national energy strategies and international climate policies.
Author: Ardyth M. Simmons
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geological repositories
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Author: B. Come
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400934653
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
In order to validate predictive models of the very long-term processes which affect the performance of radioactive waste repositories, there has been an increased interest in the information and understanding which can be obtained from studying similar mechanisms in natural systems. These "natural analogues", as they are known in the jargon of waste management, have been studied sporadically for many years, but there has been a considerable rejuvenation of interest in the last four years, possibly owing to the fact that performance assessment methodolo gy is gradually maturing to the point where it needs the kind of support which analogues can offer. Since 1982, the Commission of the European Communities has been involved in specific work on natural analogues in the framework of its activities on radioactive waste management, principally within the MIRAGE project which concerns migration of radionuclides in the geosphere. As a consequence, the Commission took the initiative, in 1985, of establish ing a Natural Analogue Working Group (NAWG) whose members can benefit from the overall expertise available for managing their own natural analogue research programmes. In this group, modeller' s requirements and the results of field research are exchanged at regular intervals. A number of wide-ranging investigation programmes, both on national and international scales. are currently underway or being initiated, and several of these have been discussed recently at the NAWG.
