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Author: Bernard Zalc
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190686111
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
The emergence of myelin 425 million years ago marked a turning point in evolution. Consider for a moment the invention of insulated wire, which allows for the transmission of electrical current. Functioning in a similar way, the membrane surrounding nerve fibers, or myelin, enables the remarkable acceleration of nerve impulses. Surprisingly, myelin occupies nearly half the volume of the human brain and is critical for our intellectual and motor performance. Without myelin, our thoughts and our movements would suffer overwhelming delays. We owe our reflexes to myelin: it is what makes us brake when a child dashes out onto the road, or snatch away a hand absent-mindedly placed on a burning hot stove. When damaged, myelin can lead to irreversible disability, cognitive decline, and sensory impairments. The study of myelin's role in the conduction of nerve impulses has led to a better understanding of several diseases including multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Charcot disease (ALS), and Niemann-Pick disease.
Author: Bernard Zalc
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190686111
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
The emergence of myelin 425 million years ago marked a turning point in evolution. Consider for a moment the invention of insulated wire, which allows for the transmission of electrical current. Functioning in a similar way, the membrane surrounding nerve fibers, or myelin, enables the remarkable acceleration of nerve impulses. Surprisingly, myelin occupies nearly half the volume of the human brain and is critical for our intellectual and motor performance. Without myelin, our thoughts and our movements would suffer overwhelming delays. We owe our reflexes to myelin: it is what makes us brake when a child dashes out onto the road, or snatch away a hand absent-mindedly placed on a burning hot stove. When damaged, myelin can lead to irreversible disability, cognitive decline, and sensory impairments. The study of myelin's role in the conduction of nerve impulses has led to a better understanding of several diseases including multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Charcot disease (ALS), and Niemann-Pick disease.
Author: Jacob Valk
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366202568X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 734
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Book Description
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now considered the imaging modality of choice for the majority of disorders affecting the central nervous system. This is particularly true for gray and white matter disorders, thanks to the superb soft tis sue contrast in MRI which allows gray matter, unmyelinated, and myelinated white matter to be distinguished and their respective disorders identified. The pre sent book is devoted to the disorders of myelin and myelination. A growing amount of detailed in vivo information about myelin, myelination, and myelin dis orders has been derived both from MRI and from MR spectroscopy (MRS). This prompted us to review the clinical, laboratory, biochemical, and pathological data on this subject in order to integrate all available information and to provide im proved insights into normal and disordered myelin and myelination. We will show how the synthesis of all available information contributes to the interpretation of MR images. After a brief historical review about the increasing knowledge on myelin and my elin disorders, we propose a new classification of myelin disorders based on the subcellular localization of the enzymatic defects as far as the inborn errors of me tabolism are concerned. This classification serves as a guide throughout the book. All items of the classification will be discussed and, whenever relevant and possi ble, be illustrated by MR images.
Author: P. Morell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475718306
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 557
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Book Description
My colleagues and I have been gratified by how rapidly the first edition of Myelin has been aeeepted as a standard referenee work by myelin researehers. This is undoubtedly the primary faetor aecounting for the high rate of reeidivism among the authors with respeet to preparation of a seeond edition; eleven of the original twelve contributors were again involved. Four new authors (Wendy Cammer, Marjorie Lees, Ute Traugott, and Seymour Greenfield) have also eontributed to the present volume. This new edition retains many aspects of the format of the original, even including use of the same chapter headings. Thus, comments in the preface to the first edition concerning the level at which material is presented and the relationships between chapters covering the "basic" and "c1inical" material are still applicable. Despite certain similarities in overall organization, comparison of the present edition with the original demonstrates that our eHorts to restriet expansion in the length of the text were not notably successful; the new edition is mueh lengthier than the original. Nevertheless, the increase in text length is modest relative to the increase in information in the seven years separating the preparation of the two editions. Most of the material in the individual chapters has had to be completely redone in order to include this new information. For example, our view of the metabolism of myelin increasingly must take cognizance of a very rapidly turning over pool of certain of its components.
Author: Russell E. Martenson
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 135142937X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1006
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Book Description
Myelin: Biology and Chemistry provides in-depth reviews and discussions regarding recent findings in the biology and chemistry of myelin. Topics are interdisciplinary and carry readers from the cellular level to that of the gene. Research in demyelinating diseases (naturally occurring and experimentally produced) is described and emphasizes autoimmune and virally induced mechanisms. Advances in molecular biology, such as those that provide details of the structures of the major myelin proteins, demonstrate the control of their synthesis, and explore the mutations within their genes that disrupt the process of myelination, are discussed in depth. Myelin: Biology and Chemistry will be an important addition to the libraries of molecular biologists, biochemists, cell biologists, physical chemists, immunologists, virologists, and pathologists involved in the study of myelin.
Author: Russell E. Martenson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849388491
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1006
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Book Description
Myelin: Biology and Chemistry provides in-depth reviews and discussions regarding recent findings in the biology and chemistry of myelin. Topics are interdisciplinary and carry readers from the cellular level to that of the gene. Research in demyelinating diseases (naturally occurring and experimentally produced) is described and emphasizes autoimmune and virally induced mechanisms. Advances in molecular biology, such as those that provide details of the structures of the major myelin proteins, demonstrate the control of their synthesis, and explore the mutations within their genes that disrupt the process of myelination, are discussed in depth. Myelin: Biology and Chemistry will be an important addition to the libraries of molecular biologists, biochemists, cell biologists, physical chemists, immunologists, virologists, and pathologists involved in the study of myelin.
Author: Patricia Armati
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139491717
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Traditionally, oligodendrocytes have been assumed to play a minor supporting role in the central nervous system and their importance has generally been overlooked. For the first time, this book provides a dedicated review of all of the major aspects of oligodendrocyte biology, including development, organization, genetics, and immunobiology. Later chapters emphasize the importance of this underestimated cell to the mammalian central nervous system by exploring the role of myelin synthesis and maintenance in neural disease and repair. Particular attention is paid to multiple sclerosis (MS), arguably the prime example of an acquired demyelinating disease, with detailed examinations of the current concepts regarding demyelination, oligodendroglial damage, and remyelination in MS lesions.
Author: Illana Gozes
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128037121
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease offers a translational point-of-view from both basic and clinical standpoints, putting it on the cusp for further clinical development with its emphasis on nerve cell protection, including the accumulation of knowledge from failed clinical trials and new advances in disease management. This book brings together the latest findings, both basic, and clinical, under the same cover, making it easy for the reader to obtain a complete overview of the state-of-the-field and beyond. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. It is a progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory, thinking skills, and eventually, even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It is characterized by death of synapses coupled to death nerve cells and brain degeneration which is manifested by loss of cognitive abilities. Understanding neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease will pave the path to better disease management and novel therapeutics. - Comprehensive reference detailing neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease, with details on nerve cell protection and new advances in disease management - Combines the knowledge and points-of-view of both medical doctors and basic scientists, putting the subject at the forefront for further clinical development - Edited by one of the leading researchers in Alzheimer's Disease
Author: Pierre Morell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461575141
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 541
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Book Description
The division of the mature mammalian brain and spinal cord into regions of "white" matter and "gray" matter is observable upon the most cursory inspection. Microscopic examination indicates that the "white" matter regions are characterized by a multilamellar sheath (myelin) which sur rounds the axons. A morphologically similar myelin imparts the white color to tracts of the peripheral nervous system, although, as is empha sized throughout the book, there are very significant morphological and chemical differences between central and peripheral myelin. The rapid postnatal accumulation of myelin is temporally associated with increasing functional capacity and presumably indicates some important role related to neuronal activity. The ability of myelinated axons to conduct electrical impulses much more rapidly and with much lower use of energy, relative to unmyelinated axons, is now generally accepted. As is evident from the above capsule description, a considerable body of information concerning myelin is available. However, as in other areas of research the unknown expands before us more rapidly than we are able to add to our core of knowledge. This is a corollary of the axiom that a good experiment raises more questions than it answers. Among the areas currendy under investigation in many laboratories are the following: interaction of myelin-forming cells with neurons, assembly and metabo lism of myelin, molecular architecture of myelin, and the details of the functional role of myelin.
Author: Joan M. Boggs
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781604566994
Category : Myelin basic protein
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The compact myelin sheath formed around nerve axons speeds up nerve conduction and also nurtures the axon. Destruction of this sheath in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) results in nerve conduction failure and neurodegeneration. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the second most abundant protein of central nervous system (CNS) myelin (after the proteolipid protein), representing about 30 % of the total myelin protein and about 10 % of myelin by weight. It is also present in peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin but as a lower percentage of the total protein. This book addresses the issue of Myelin and the way it binds to negatively-charged lipids on the cytosolic surfaces of the processes and is responsible for adhesion of these surfaces of myelin in the CNS, thus forming the major dense line observed by electron microscopy.
Author: IAN
Publisher: Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd
ISBN: 9387963969
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
Reviews in Neurology is the CME Proceedings of Indian Academy of Neurology Annual Conference 2018. The theme for this year has been chosen as “Myelin”. Some of the experts in “Myelin” have contributed to this issue. The book discusses on the structure, development and functioning of myelin and the pathogenesis, pathology and electrophysiology of various demyelinating disorders. It also focuses on the multidimensional aspects of multiple sclerosis. There are some chapters that describe other central demyelinating disorders and disorders of central myelin in paediatrics. And lastly, discussion about disorders of myelin in peripheral nervous system has been done.
