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Author: Ben Abadallah Abderazek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9491216333
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Conventional on-chip communication design mostly use ad-hoc approaches that fail to meet the challenges posed by the next-generation MultiCore Systems on-chip (MCSoC) designs. These major challenges include wiring delay, predictability, diverse interconnection architectures, and power dissipation. A Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm is emerging as the solution for the problems of interconnecting dozens of cores into a single system on-chip. However, there are many problems associated with the design of such systems. These problems arise from non-scalable global wire delays, failure to achieve global synchronization, and difficulties associated with non-scalable bus-based functional interconnects. The book consists of three parts, with each part being subdivided into four chapters. The first part deals with design and methodology issues. The architectures used in conventional methods of MCSoCs design and custom multiprocessor architectures are not flexible enough to meet the requirements of different application domains and not scalable enough to meet different computation needs and different complexities of various applications. Several chapters of the first part will emphasize on the design techniques and methodologies. The second part covers the most critical part of MCSoCs design — the interconnections. One approach to addressing the design methodologies is to adopt the so-called reusability feature to boost design productivity. In the past years, the primitive design units evolved from transistors to gates, finite state machines, and processor cores. The network-on-chip paradigm offers this attractive property for the future and will be able to close the productivity gap. The last part of this book delves into MCSoCs validations and optimizations. A more qualitative approach of system validation is based on the use of formal techniques for hardware design. The main advantage of formal methods is the possibility to prove the validity of essential design requirements. As formal languages have a mathematical foundation, it is possible to formally extract and verify these desired properties of the complete abstract state space. Online testing techniques for identifying faults that can lead to system failure are also surveyed. Emphasis is given to analytical redundancy-based techniques that have been developed for fault detection and isolation in the automatic control area.
Author: Ben Abadallah Abderazek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9491216333
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Get Book
Book Description
Conventional on-chip communication design mostly use ad-hoc approaches that fail to meet the challenges posed by the next-generation MultiCore Systems on-chip (MCSoC) designs. These major challenges include wiring delay, predictability, diverse interconnection architectures, and power dissipation. A Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm is emerging as the solution for the problems of interconnecting dozens of cores into a single system on-chip. However, there are many problems associated with the design of such systems. These problems arise from non-scalable global wire delays, failure to achieve global synchronization, and difficulties associated with non-scalable bus-based functional interconnects. The book consists of three parts, with each part being subdivided into four chapters. The first part deals with design and methodology issues. The architectures used in conventional methods of MCSoCs design and custom multiprocessor architectures are not flexible enough to meet the requirements of different application domains and not scalable enough to meet different computation needs and different complexities of various applications. Several chapters of the first part will emphasize on the design techniques and methodologies. The second part covers the most critical part of MCSoCs design — the interconnections. One approach to addressing the design methodologies is to adopt the so-called reusability feature to boost design productivity. In the past years, the primitive design units evolved from transistors to gates, finite state machines, and processor cores. The network-on-chip paradigm offers this attractive property for the future and will be able to close the productivity gap. The last part of this book delves into MCSoCs validations and optimizations. A more qualitative approach of system validation is based on the use of formal techniques for hardware design. The main advantage of formal methods is the possibility to prove the validity of essential design requirements. As formal languages have a mathematical foundation, it is possible to formally extract and verify these desired properties of the complete abstract state space. Online testing techniques for identifying faults that can lead to system failure are also surveyed. Emphasis is given to analytical redundancy-based techniques that have been developed for fault detection and isolation in the automatic control area.
Author: Abderazek Ben Abdallah
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811060924
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
From basic architecture, interconnection, and parallelization to power optimization, this book provides a comprehensive description of emerging multicore systems-on-chip (MCSoCs) hardware and software design. Highlighting both fundamentals and advanced software and hardware design, it can serve as a primary textbook for advanced courses in MCSoCs design and embedded systems. The first three chapters introduce MCSoCs architectures, present design challenges and conventional design methods, and describe in detail the main building blocks of MCSoCs. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 discuss fundamental and advanced on-chip interconnection network technologies for multi and many core SoCs, enabling readers to understand the microarchitectures for on-chip routers and network interfaces that are essential in the context of latency, area, and power constraints. With the rise of multicore and many-core systems, concurrency is becoming a major issue in the daily life of a programmer. Thus, compiler and software development tools are critical in helping programmers create high-performance software. Programmers should make sure that their parallelized program codes will not cause race condition, memory-access deadlocks, or other faults that may crash their entire systems. As such, Chapter 7 describes a novel parallelizing compiler design for high-performance computing. Chapter 8 provides a detailed investigation of power reduction techniques for MCSoCs at component and network levels. It discusses energy conservation in general hardware design, and also in embedded multicore system components, such as CPUs, disks, displays and memories. Lastly, Chapter 9 presents a real embedded MCSoCs system design targeted for health monitoring in the elderly.
Author: Baker Mohammad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461488818
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
This book describes the various tradeoffs systems designers face when designing embedded memory. Readers designing multi-core systems and systems on chip will benefit from the discussion of different topics from memory architecture, array organization, circuit design techniques and design for test. The presentation enables a multi-disciplinary approach to chip design, which bridges the gap between the architecture level and circuit level, in order to address yield, reliability and power-related issues for embedded memory.
Author: Abderazek Ben Abdallah
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9491216929
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
System on chips designs have evolved from fairly simple unicore, single memory designs to complex heterogeneous multicore SoC architectures consisting of a large number of IP blocks on the same silicon. To meet high computational demands posed by latest consumer electronic devices, most current systems are based on such paradigm, which represents a real revolution in many aspects in computing. The attraction of multicore processing for power reduction is compelling. By splitting a set of tasks among multiple processor cores, the operating frequency necessary for each core can be reduced, allowing to reduce the voltage on each core. Because dynamic power is proportional to the frequency and to the square of the voltage, we get a big gain, even though we may have more cores running. As more and more cores are integrated into these designs to share the ever increasing processing load, the main challenges lie in efficient memory hierarchy, scalable system interconnect, new programming paradigms, and efficient integration methodology for connecting such heterogeneous cores into a single system capable of leveraging their individual flexibility. Current design methods tend toward mixed HW/SW co-designs targeting multicore systems on-chip for specific applications. To decide on the lowest cost mix of cores, designers must iteratively map the device’s functionality to a particular HW/SW partition and target architectures. In addition, to connect the heterogeneous cores, the architecture requires high performance complex communication architectures and efficient communication protocols, such as hierarchical bus, point-to-point connection, or Network-on-Chip. Software development also becomes far more complex due to the difficulties in breaking a single processing task into multiple parts that can be processed separately and then reassembled later. This reflects the fact that certain processor jobs cannot be easily parallelized to run concurrently on multiple processing cores and that load balancing between processing cores – especially heterogeneous cores – is very difficult.
Author: Stephen W. Keckler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441902635
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Multicore Processors and Systems provides a comprehensive overview of emerging multicore processors and systems. It covers technology trends affecting multicores, multicore architecture innovations, multicore software innovations, and case studies of state-of-the-art commercial multicore systems. A cross-cutting theme of the book is the challenges associated with scaling up multicore systems to hundreds of cores. The book provides an overview of significant developments in the architectures for multicore processors and systems. It includes chapters on fundamental requirements for multicore systems, including processing, memory systems, and interconnect. It also includes several case studies on commercial multicore systems that have recently been developed and deployed across multiple application domains. The architecture chapters focus on innovative multicore execution models as well as infrastructure for multicores, including memory systems and on-chip interconnections. The case studies examine multicore implementations across different application domains, including general purpose, server, media/broadband, network processing, and signal processing. Multicore Processors and Systems is the first book that focuses solely on multicore processors and systems, and in particular on the unique technology implications, architectures, and implementations. The book has contributing authors that are from both the academic and industrial communities.
Author: Georgios Kornaros
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351834088
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
Details a real-world product that applies a cutting-edge multi-core architecture Increasingly demanding modern applications—such as those used in telecommunications networking and real-time processing of audio, video, and multimedia streams—require multiple processors to achieve computational performance at the rate of a few giga-operations per second. This necessity for speed and manageable power consumption makes it likely that the next generation of embedded processing systems will include hundreds of cores, while being increasingly programmable, blending processors and configurable hardware in a power-efficient manner. Multi-Core Embedded Systems presents a variety of perspectives that elucidate the technical challenges associated with such increased integration of homogeneous (processors) and heterogeneous multiple cores. It offers an analysis that industry engineers and professionals will need to understand the physical details of both software and hardware in embedded architectures, as well as their limitations and potential for future growth. Discusses the available programming models spread across different abstraction levels The book begins with an overview of the evolution of multiprocessor architectures for embedded applications and discusses techniques for autonomous power management of system-level parameters. It addresses the use of existing open-source (and free) tools originating from several application domains—such as traffic modeling, graph theory, parallel computing and network simulation. In addition, the authors cover other important topics associated with multi-core embedded systems, such as: Architectures and interconnects Embedded design methodologies Mapping of applications
Author: Michael Hübner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441964606
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to evaluate strategies for future system design in multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) architectures. Both hardware design and integration of new development tools will be discussed. Novel trends in MPSoC design, combined with reconfigurable architectures are a main topic of concern. The main emphasis is on architectures, design-flow, tool-development, applications and system design.
Author: Ben A. Abderazek
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788178952581
Category : Multiprocessors
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Systems on chips designs have evolved from fairly simple uni-core, single memory designs to complex multicore systems on-chip (MCSoCs) consisting of a large number of IP blocks on the same silicon. As more and more cores are integrated into these designs to share the ever increasing processing load, the main challenge lies in efficiently and quickly integrating them into a single system capable of leveraging their individual flexibility. Multicore systems on chips design use complex on-chip networks to integrate multiple programmable processor cores, specialized memories, and several intellectual propriety (IP) components on a single chip. Recently, they have become very attractive in various applications. They are widely used in high volume markets that have strict performance, power, and cost goals. Multimedia, communication, and networking are examples of markets that meet these sensitive requirements. The cost pressures inherent in large markets put intense pressure on cost and energy consumption that means performance goals must be met with heterogeneous architectures. Various design features and methods can be adopted to boost design time and design efficiency. For instance, the productivity requirement for MCSoCs design can only be met by efficient reuse of components, such as digital signal processor (DSP) a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) core, a FPGA, or a coprocessor. In addition, reliable communication between cores requires the definition of a protocol that provides a set of rules dictating how the interconnection and interaction among components takes place, so that the overall system performance and communication requirements are met. Conventional on chip communication design has been done using ad-hoc approaches that fail to meet the challenges posed by next generation MCSoCs designs. The major challenges are wiring delay, predictability, diverse interconnection architectures, and power dissipation. Network-on-Chip paradigm is emerging as the solution for the problems of interconnecting dozens of cores into a single system on chip. However, there are many problems associated with the design of such systems. These problems arise from non-scalable global wire delays, failure to achieve global synchronization, and difficulties associated with non-scalable bus-based functional interconnects. In MCSoCs development, most of design cycle is devoted to validation. Validation needs to be performed as many times as possible throughout the design cycle to obtain a reliable SoC implementation. Traditionally, simulation tools have been used by hardware designers during the early phase of architecture development. One of the main benefits of this kind of tools is related to quantitative analysis. However, the simulation process is commonly limited to automatic test generation or application-based simulation. A more qualitative approach is based on the use of formal techniques for hardware design. The main advantage of formal methods is the possibility to prove the validity of essential design requirements. It must not come at surprise that the first part deals with design and methodology issues. Multicore Systems on Chips represent the future of embedded platforms. One of the main obstacles to a widespread diffusion of such a kind of processing platforms is the gap between the programmer's view and the embedded architect view. That is, the huge amount of information not directly related to code development that a programmer needs to handle for the efficient mapping of an application. The architectures used in conventional methods of MCSoCs design and custom multiprocessor architectures are not flexible enough to meet the requirements of different application domains and not scalable enough to meet different computation needs and different complexity of various applications. Several chapters of the first part emphasis design techniques and methodologies. The second part deals with the most critical part of MCSoCs design the interconnections. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) predicted that ICs would have billions of transistors, with feature sizes around 50 nm and clock frequencies around 10 GHz in 2012. This rapid evolution challenges designers to develop more powerful design methods to keep pace. One approach to addressing the design methodologies is to adopt the so-called reusability feature to boost design productivity. In the past years the primitive design units evolved from transistors to gates, finite state machines, and processor cores. The network on chip paradigm offers this attractive property for the future and will be able to close the productivity gap. The last part of this book deals with MCSoCs validations and optimizations. A more qualitative approach of system validation is based on the use of formal techniques for hardware design. The main advantage of formal methods is the possibility to prove the validity of essential design requirements. As formal languages have mathematical foundation, it is possible to formally extract and verify these desired properties of the complete abstract state space. Online testing techniques for identifying faults that can lead to system failure are also surveyed. Emphasis is given to analytical redundancy based techniques that have been developed for fault detection and isolation in the automatic control area. As it is mentioned in this book, MCSoCs based on NoCs interconnections could lead to a fundamental paradigm shift with respect to the way we develop platforms. We expect in any case that future high performance systems will be multicore powered and we hope that this book contributes to this exciting research theme.
Author: Kunio Uchiyama
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461402840
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
To satisfy the higher requirements of digitally converged embedded systems, this book describes heterogeneous multicore technology that uses various kinds of low-power embedded processor cores on a single chip. With this technology, heterogeneous parallelism can be implemented on an SoC, and greater flexibility and superior performance per watt can then be achieved. This book defines the heterogeneous multicore architecture and explains in detail several embedded processor cores including CPU cores and special-purpose processor cores that achieve highly arithmetic-level parallelism. The authors developed three multicore chips (called RP-1, RP-2, and RP-X) according to the defined architecture with the introduced processor cores. The chip implementations, software environments, and applications running on the chips are also explained in the book. Provides readers an overview and practical discussion of heterogeneous multicore technologies from both a hardware and software point of view; Discusses a new, high-performance and energy efficient approach to designing SoCs for digitally converged, embedded systems; Covers hardware issues such as architecture and chip implementation, as well as software issues such as compilers, operating systems, and application programs; Describes three chips developed according to the defined heterogeneous multicore architecture, including chip implementations, software environments, and working applications.
Author: András Vajda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441997393
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
This book presents new concepts, techniques and promising programming models for designing software for chips with "many" (hundreds to thousands) processor cores. Given the scale of parallelism inherent to these chips, software designers face new challenges in terms of operating systems, middleware and applications. This will serve as an invaluable, single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in programming many-core chips. Coverage includes many-core architectures, operating systems, middleware, and programming models.
