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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion coatings
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion coatings
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Author: L. S. Lyakhovich
Publisher: South Asia Books
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion coatings
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Author: Raj Arya
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783838381565
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Several models have been developed to describe the diffusion transport in multicomponent polymeric coatings using Bearman s friction factor theory. In this work, all the available models have been tested against measured concentrations at several depths and time in given coating using confocal laser Raman spectroscopy. Experimental results shows that none of the model is able to predict complete drying behavior of multicomponent polymeric coatings. A new method has been developed to find near optimum drying condition for binary coating. Method has been tested for multizone dryers. It needs only a drying code and obviates the need of optimization subroutine. Non-Fickian trasnport has been observed experimentaly and it is first work which shows experimental proof of non-Fickian drying in polymeric coatings which turns glassy at drying conditions.
Author: G.H. Meier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Boilers
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Smita Gangaprasad Rao
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179296688
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The need for materials that enhance life span, performance, and sustainability has propelled research in alloy design from binary alloys to more complex systems such as multicomponent alloys. The CoCrFeMnNi alloy, more commonly known as the Cantor alloy, is one of the most studied systems in bulk as well as thin film. The addition of light elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen is a means to alter the properties of these materials. The challenge lies in understanding the process of phase formation and microstructure evolution on addition of these light elements. To address this challenge, I investigate multicomponent alloys based on a simplified version of the Cantor alloy. My thesis investigates the addition of nitrogen into a Cantor variant system as a step towards understanding the full Cantor alloy. Me1-yNy (Me = Cr + Fe + Co, 0.14 ≤ y ≤0.28 thin films were grown by reactive magnetron sputtering. The films showed a change in structure from fcc to mixed fcc+bcc and finally a bcc-dominant film with increasing nitrogen content. The change in phase and microstructure influenced the mechanical and electrical properties of the films. A maximum hardness of 11 ± 0.7 GPa and lowest electrical resistivity of 28 ± 5 μΩcm were recorded in the film with mixed phase (fcc+bcc) crystal structure. Copper was added as a fourth metallic alloying element into the film with the mixed fcc + bcc structure, resulting in stabilization of the bcc phase even though Cu has been reported to be a fcc stabilizer. The energy brought to the substrate increases on Cu addition which promotes surface diffusion of the ions and leads to small but randomly oriented grains. The maximum hardness recorded by nanoindentation was found to be 13.7 ± 0.2 GPa for the sample Cu0.05. While it is generally believed that large amounts of Cu can be detrimental to thin film properties due to segregation, this study shows that small amounts of Cu in the multicomponent matrix could be beneficial in stabilizing phases as well as for mechanical properties. This thesis thus provides insights into the phase formation of nitrogen-containing multicomponent alloys.
Author: Aloke Paul
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128045787
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
Handbook of Solid State Diffusion, Volume 2: Diffusion Analysis in Material Applications covers the basic fundamentals, techniques, applications, and latest developments in the area of solid-state diffusion, offering a pedagogical understanding for students, academicians, and development engineers. Both experimental techniques and computational methods find equal importance in the second of this two volume set. Volume 2 covers practical issues on diffusion phenomena in bulk, thin film, and in nanomaterials. Diffusion related problems and analysis of methods in industrial applications, such as electronic industry, high temperature materials, nuclear materials, and superconductor materials are discussed. Presents a handbook with a short mathematical background and detailed examples of concrete applications of the sophisticated methods of analysis Enables readers to learn the basic concepts of experimental approaches and the computational methods involved in solid-state diffusion Covers bulk, thin film, and nanomaterials Introduces the problems and analysis in important materials systems in various applications Collates contributions from academic and industrial problems from leading scientists involved in developing key concepts across the globe
Author: Haifa G. Ahmad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The central theme of the work undertaken in this thesis involved modelling of diffusion? numerical and microstructural? occurring during high temperature exposure of selected materials and coatings. The materials and coatings and their high temperature treatments included carburization of steel (nonsteady-state diffusion of iron carburized at 950o C after 7.1 hours), a two component Cu-Ni diffusion couple subjected to diffusion anneal at 1054oC for 300 hours, a three component Pt-Ni-Al solid alloy subjected to oxidation and diffusion anneal, Multicomponent Ni -aluminide and Pt-aluminide coatings on MAR M002 subjected to 150 hours of diffusion treatment at temperature 1273K, a Jr and Jr/Pt Low-activity aluminide / MAR M002 system at 1100oC after 100 hours, aluminise coating on low alloy steels at 650oC, Jnnovatial coatings- Ti45Al8Nb coated with Al2Au subjected to air oxidation at 750oC for 1000 hours, and Ti45Al8Nb coated with TiAlCrY subjected to air oxidation at 750oC for 500 hours. Such coatings are being increasingly used to protect materials against high temperature (600-1000oC) degradation by oxidation. The demands for using such coatings have arisen because of the need to increase the efficiency by increasing the operation temperature in many areas of technological applications such as power operation, aero engines, and energy conversion systems and in processing industries. However the one of the major obstacles to use these coatings to prevent high temperature oxidation of materials is the degradation of the coatings due to the coating/substrate interdiffusion. Jnterdiffusion of critical elements from the coating to the substrate will deplete the protective scale forming elements in the coating.
Author: Christopher Tholander
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176858367
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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The last hundred years have been full of scientific discoveries leading to technological advances, such as, computers, smart phones, etc. Most of the advances would not have been possible without new discoveries within the vast field of materials science. The specific area within materials science covered in this thesis is multicomponent nitride alloys, which are commonly used as thin films in industrial applications, e.g., as hard wear-resistant coatings for cutting-tools or as part of intricate electronic components in mobile telecommunication devices. The core of this thesis is towards the fundamental understanding of existing, and the discovery of new, nitride alloys using theoretical tools. Knowledge about the quantum mechanics of the alloys was gained using density functional theory, alloy theory, and thermodynamics investigating piezoelectricity, phase stability, and surface diffusion. The focus of the piezoelectricity research is on piezoelectric properties of both ordered and disordered nitrides. The exploration of disordered wurtzite nitrides revealed important aspects of the nitride alloying physics and the implications for their piezoelectric response, in addition to the discovery of interesting alloy candidates and their synthesis, e.g., YxIn1-xN. For the ordered nitrides, novel TMZnN2 (TM = Ti, Zr, Hf) structures with high piezoelectric responses have been predicted as stable. The focus of the piezoelectricity research is on piezoelectric properties of both ordered and disordered nitrides. The exploration of disordered wurtzite nitrides revealed important aspects of the nitride alloying physics and the implications for their piezoelectric response, in addition to the discovery of interesting alloy candidates and their synthesis, e.g., YxIn1-xN. For the ordered nitrides, novel TMZnN2 (TM = Ti, Zr, Hf) structures with high piezoelectric responses have been predicted as stable. The thermodynamic stability of novel alloys with interesting properties is investigated in order to determine if equilibrium or non-equilibrium synthesis is feasible. The studies consist of ternary phase diagrams of TM-Zn-N, mixing enthalpies for disordered YxAl1-xN and YxIn1-xN that can be used to predict possible synthesis routes and guide experiments. In addition, mixing enthalpies for strained ScxAl1-xN/InyAl1-yN superlattices show that the stability of certain phases and, therefore, the crystalline quality can be improved by modifying in-plane lattice parameters through higher indium content in the InAlN layers. Surface diffusion is studied because it is an important factor during thin film growth with, for example, physical vapor deposition. It is the main atomic transport mechanism and, thus, governs the structure development of thin films. Specifically, the research is focused on diffusion on the surfaces of disordered alloys, and in particular Ti, Al, and N adatom diffusion on TiN and TiAlN surfaces. The investigations revealed that Ti adatom mobilities are dramatically reduced in the presence of Al in the surface layer on the TiN and Ti0.5Al0.5N(0 0 1) surfaces, while Al adatoms are largely unaffected. Furthermore, the reverse effect is found on the TiN(1 1 1) surface, Al adatom migration is reduced while Ti adatom migration is unaffected. In addition, it is shown that neglecting the magnetic spin polarization of Ti adatoms will locally underestimate the binding energies and the diffusion path, e.g., underestimating the stability of TiN(0 0 1) bulk sites.
Author: R. Winston Revie
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111811003X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1299
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Book Description
This book serves as a reference for engineers, scientists, and students concerned with the use of materials in applications where reliability and resistance to corrosion are important. It updates the coverage of its predecessor, including coverage of: corrosion rates of steel in major river systems and atmospheric corrosion rates, the corrosion behavior of materials such as weathering steels and newer stainless alloys, and the corrosion behavior and engineering approaches to corrosion control for nonmetallic materials. New chapters include: high-temperature oxidation of metals and alloys, nanomaterials, and dental materials, anodic protection. Also featured are chapters dealing with standards for corrosion testing, microbiological corrosion, and electrochemical noise.
Author: L. S. Lyakhovich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion coatings
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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