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Author: Beth Anna Last
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The layer-by-layer deposition process of additive manufacturing (AM) offers the capability to design material microstructures on multiple length scales. For NiTi shape memory alloys, designing material microstructures using AM would allow for unparalleled tailoring of the multiscale martensitic transformation and shape memory response. However, the laser-based directed energy deposition (LDED) AM technique produces localized microstructures which are distinct from those found in conventionally processed alloys. This work characterizes the grain and precipitate microstructures on multiple length scales for LDED fabricated NiTi alloys and assess the capability for tailoring the martensitic transformation morphology shape memory response through post-deposition heat treatments. Build coupons were fabricated by LDED AM using elementally blended Ni and Ti powder feedstock. The use of elemental powders allowed for a Ti-rich and a Ni-rich powder feedstock composition to be blended; thus, both shape memory effect (Ti-rich) and superelastic (Ni-rich) behaviors were investigated. Specimens were extracted from the fabricated build coupons to investigate the localized microstructure and shape memory behaviors. A full-field deformation analysis technique was employed to correlate the AM microstructure to the deformation mechanisms.The results of this work show that the NiTi LDED AM builds are inherently spatially varying on multiple microstructure length scales. The grain structure resulting from the AM process was similar for both feedstock compositions: fine grains within the interfacial regions formed by overlapping passes/layers and larger columnar grains within bulk regions (i.e. away from these interfaces). As a result of the spatially varying microstructure, as built LDED NiTi alloys exhibit a hardening like response and localized strain concentrations. Post-deposition heat treatment of the Ni-rich alloys reduced the spatial variation in the Ni4Ti3 precipitate microstructure and increased the localized superelastic strains compared to the as built condition, with the solutionizing and precipitation aging treatment resulting in the most spatially uniform Ni4Ti3 precipitate morphology. For the LDED alloys, shape memory effect recovery strains of 4.0 % (for Ti-rich alloys) and superelastic recovery strains of -6.0 % (for solutionized and aged Ni-rich alloys) were achieved.
Author: Beth Anna Last
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The layer-by-layer deposition process of additive manufacturing (AM) offers the capability to design material microstructures on multiple length scales. For NiTi shape memory alloys, designing material microstructures using AM would allow for unparalleled tailoring of the multiscale martensitic transformation and shape memory response. However, the laser-based directed energy deposition (LDED) AM technique produces localized microstructures which are distinct from those found in conventionally processed alloys. This work characterizes the grain and precipitate microstructures on multiple length scales for LDED fabricated NiTi alloys and assess the capability for tailoring the martensitic transformation morphology shape memory response through post-deposition heat treatments. Build coupons were fabricated by LDED AM using elementally blended Ni and Ti powder feedstock. The use of elemental powders allowed for a Ti-rich and a Ni-rich powder feedstock composition to be blended; thus, both shape memory effect (Ti-rich) and superelastic (Ni-rich) behaviors were investigated. Specimens were extracted from the fabricated build coupons to investigate the localized microstructure and shape memory behaviors. A full-field deformation analysis technique was employed to correlate the AM microstructure to the deformation mechanisms.The results of this work show that the NiTi LDED AM builds are inherently spatially varying on multiple microstructure length scales. The grain structure resulting from the AM process was similar for both feedstock compositions: fine grains within the interfacial regions formed by overlapping passes/layers and larger columnar grains within bulk regions (i.e. away from these interfaces). As a result of the spatially varying microstructure, as built LDED NiTi alloys exhibit a hardening like response and localized strain concentrations. Post-deposition heat treatment of the Ni-rich alloys reduced the spatial variation in the Ni4Ti3 precipitate microstructure and increased the localized superelastic strains compared to the as built condition, with the solutionizing and precipitation aging treatment resulting in the most spatially uniform Ni4Ti3 precipitate morphology. For the LDED alloys, shape memory effect recovery strains of 4.0 % (for Ti-rich alloys) and superelastic recovery strains of -6.0 % (for solutionized and aged Ni-rich alloys) were achieved.
Author: Antonio Concilio
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128192674
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 936
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Book Description
Shape Memory Alloy Engineering: For Aerospace, Structural and Biomedical Applications, Second Edition embraces new advancements in materials, systems and applications introduced since the first edition. Readers will gain an understanding of the intrinsic properties of SMAs and their characteristic state diagrams. Sections address modeling and design process aspects, explore recent applications, and discuss research activities aimed at making new devices for innovative implementations. The book discusses both the potential of these fascinating materials, their limitations in everyday life, and tactics on how to overcome some limitations in order to achieve proper design of useful SMA mechanisms. - Provides a greatly expanded scope, looking at new applications of SMA devices and current research activities - Covers all aspects of SMA technology - from a global state-of-the-art survey, to the classification of existing materials, basic material design, material manufacture, and from device engineering design to implementation within actual systems - Presents the material within a modular architecture over different topics, from material conception to practical engineering realization
Author: Ravi. K. Kumar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000928950
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
The book highlights mechanical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties, and characterization of additive manufactured products in a single volume. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse engineering fields including industrial, manufacturing, and materials science. This text Explains mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength of additive manufactured components Discusses characterization of components fabricated by different additive manufacturing processes including fusion deposition modeling, and selective laser sintering Highlights corrosion behavior of additive manufactured polymers, metals, and composites Covers thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties of additively manufactured materials Illustrates intrinsic features and their Influence on mechanical properties of additive manufactured products This text discusses properties, wear behavior and characterization of components produced by additive manufacturing technology. These products find applications in diverse fields including design, manufacturing and tooling, aerospace, automotive industry, and biomedical industry. It will further help the readers in understanding the parameters that influence the mechanical behavior and characterization of components manufactured by additive manufacturing processes. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, automotive engineering, aerospace engineering, and materials science.
Author: Javad Kadkhodapour
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323886493
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 858
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Book Description
Quality Analysis of Additively Manufactured Metals: Simulation Approaches, Processes, and Microstructure Properties provides readers with a firm understanding of the failure and fatigue processes of additively manufactured metals. With a focus on computational methods, the book analyzes the process-microstructure-property relationship of these metals and how it affects their quality while also providing numerical, analytical, and experimental data for material design and investigation optimization. It outlines basic additive manufacturing processes for metals, strategies for modeling the microstructural features of metals and how these features differ based on the manufacturing process, and more.Improvement of additively manufactured metals through predictive simulation methods and microdamage and micro-failure in quasi-static and cyclic loading scenarios are covered, as are topology optimization methods and residual stress analysis techniques. The book concludes with a section featuring case studies looking at additively manufactured metals in automotive, biomedical and aerospace settings. - Provides insights and outlines techniques for analyzing why additively manufactured metals fail and strategies for avoiding those failures - Defines key terms and concepts related to the failure analysis, quality assurance and optimization processes of additively manufactured metals - Includes simulation results, experimental data and case studies
Author: Mehrshad Mehrpouya
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443295956
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Additive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Materials: Techniques, Characterization, Modeling, and Applications outlines an array of techniques and applications for additive manufacturing (AM) and the use of various shape memory materials, covering corrosion properties, material sensitivity to thermal, magnetic, and electrical effects, as well as sensitivity of shape memory properties to AM parameters, including part geometry effects and post-process treatments.Design for AM and a number of different AM methods are discussed, with materials covered including shape memory alloys, shape memory polymers, high-temperature shape memory alloys, and magnetic shape memory alloys. Characterization and modeling methods are also included, as is a chapter dedicated to real-world applications of these production techniques and materials. - Provides an overview of various shape memory materials, their additive manufacturing techniques and processes, their applications, and opportunities and challenges related to their production and use - Outlines the thermomechanical and functional properties of shape memory alloys that can be applied to their additive manufacturing processes - Covers techniques for additive manufacturing of shape memory polymers, shape memory alloys, high-temperature shape memory alloys, and magnetic shape memory alloys - Discusses characterization, post-processing, modeling, and applications of shape memory materials
Author: Hye Yun Song
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
As a precipitation-strengthened alloy, the heat treatment is critical for IN718, since the desired mechanical properties, such as high-temperature tensile and creep strength, are only acquired by the formation of the strengthening precipitates, namely gamma prime and gamma double prime. Currently, the industrial standards for the heat treatment of IN718 are developed for cast and wrought cases and not specifically for AM builds. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the effect of the heat treatment on the formation of the strengthening precipitates in IN718 builds fabricated by L-PBF AM, which is the focus of the second objective. Particularly, a modification to the industry standard heat treatment is developed to maximize the fraction of the strengthening precipitates in the IN718 builds. The microstructural characterizations are performed for several modified heat treatment cases including a homogenization step, solution annealing step and aging step. The micro-hardness values are measured for as-built conditions and several heat-treated conditions including the modified homogenization, solution anneal and aging steps. Finally, the oxidation behavior during the heat treatment is also discussed and compared to that for a piece of actual cast. The third objective of the present study is the evaluation of the mechanical properties of heat-treated IN718 builds produced by L-PBF AM. Particularly, creep test are performed to quantify the mechanical properties of the heat-treated IN718 builds. The creep samples are heat-treated using the following condition: homogenization at 1100 °C for 2 hours followed by air cooling (AC), and aging at 760 °C for 10 hours also followed by AC. For the creep test, the samples are loaded at a constant stress (690 MPa or 100 ksi) at 649 °C (1200 °F) in accordance to Aerospace Material Standards (AMS) 5663. The creep rate of the heat-treated AM sample is compared with the literature data for wrought cases. The relationship of creep strength to the characteristic of the microstructures in the heat-treated IN718 builds is discussed. In summary, the research results provide insights into the microstructure-creep-strength relationship for IN718 fabricated by additive manufacturing. Particularly, a modified post-built heat treatment is developed to maximize the formation of strengthening precipitates and achieve large grains in IN718, resulting in a markedly higher creep strength when compared to the literature data for wrought cases. Taken as a whole, the new knowledge generated in this dissertation is essential to ensure the performance of additively manufactured parts in structural applications.
Author: M. Fremond
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3709143489
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
This book consists of two chapters. The first chapter deals with the thermomechanical macroscopic theory describing the transformation and deformation behavior of shape memory alloys. The second chapter deals with the extensive and fundamental review of the experimental works which include crystallography, transformations and mechanical characteristics in Ti-Ni, Cu-base and ferrous shape memory alloys.
Author: Sachin Salunkhe
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323914683
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Advances in Metal Additive Manufacturing explains fundamental information and the latest research on new technologies, including powder bed fusion, direct energy deposition using high energy beams, and hybrid additive and subtractive methods. This book introduces readers to the technology, provides everything needed to understand how the different stages work together, and inspires to think beyond traditional metal processing to capture new ideas in metal. Chapters offer an introduction on metal additive manufacturing, processes, and properties and standards and then present surveys on the most significant international advances in metal additive manufacturing. Throughout, the book presents a focus on the effect of important process parameters on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behavior of additively manufactured parts. - Covers the entire process chain of metal additive manufacturing, from input data preparation to part certification - Describes a wide range of the latest design tools and options, including generative design, topology optimization, and lattice and surface optimization - Addresses additive manufacturing, with a comprehensive list of metals including titanium, aluminum, iron-and nickel-based alloys and Inconel 718
Author: Dimitris C. Lagoudas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387564456
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
This book provides a working knowledge of the modeling and engineering applications of shape memory alloys (SMAs), beginning with a rigorous introduction to continuum mechanics and continuum thermodynamics as they relate to the development of SMA modeling.Modern SMAs can recover from large amounts of bending and deformation, and millions of repetitions within recoverable ranges. SMAs are used in the medical industry to create stents, in the dental industry to create dental and orthodontic archwires, and in the aerospace industry to create fluid fittings. The text presents a unified approach to the constitutive modeling of SMAs, including modeling of magnetic and high temperature SMAs.
Author: Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535110845
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Shape memory alloys have become in the past decades a well established research subject. However, the complex relations between properties and structure have created a continuously growing interest for a deeper insight all this time. The complexity of relationships between structure and properties is mostly related to the fact that strong ?multidimensional? interactions are taking place: from the early studies focusing on the thermal and/or mechanical induced phase transformations to the more recent findings on the magnetically induced structural changes. On the other hand, these singular behavioral characteristics have driven a great industrial interest due to the innovative aspects that the applications of shape memory alloys may provide. This makes this subject a highly attractive source of continuous studies, ranging from basics crystallography and thermodynamics to mechanical analysis and electrical and magnetic properties characterization. In this book, a group of recent studies is compiled focusing on a wide range of topics from processing to the relationship between the structure and properties, as well as new applications.
