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Author: Hao Pang (Ph. D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The dissertation's central question examined the impact of the built environment (BE) on people's trip-chain travel behavior. In contrast to trip-based research, which presumes an isolated, homogenous, single-leveled, and static relationship between BE and travel behavior, this collection of studies analyzes the interaction of a succession of decision-making processes with varying spatial limitations at different dimensions. This dissertation began by establishing a conceptual framework for evaluating the relationship between the built environment and trip-chain travel behavior. The research next evaluated the multidimensional BE impacts on the percentage of vehicle miles traveled (PVMT) and two critical trip-chain behaviors: trip-chain complexity and trip-chain mode choice. According to the tour complexity analysis, all non-auto passengers are opposed to increased tour complexity. Overall, only activity availability and density near the job and neighborhood housing type and density had a substantial effect on the BE factors. In comparison to tour complexity, the findings of the tour-level mode choice study indicate that BE characteristics are more influential in deciding mode choice. Among all BE characteristics, walkability (bike-ability) and street connection at the job and at home have the most impact. Additionally, the decision-making process for secondary mode selection is considered. The model findings suggest that the secondary mode choice is mostly determined by the primary mode choice, whereas BE characteristics close to sub-activity sites have a little effect. Only two walkability attributes have a significant influence on secondary mode choice when compared to all BE attributes close to sub-activity sites. Finally, the interdependence is evaluated by examining the relationship between tour complexity and tour-level mode selection. When the joint impacts are considered, the single-family ratio in the home zone has a substantial marginal influence on mode choice. The findings indicate that the single-family ratio in the home zone increases the probability of a drive-alone trip but decreases the probability of transit, bike, or walking tour
Author: Hao Pang (Ph. D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The dissertation's central question examined the impact of the built environment (BE) on people's trip-chain travel behavior. In contrast to trip-based research, which presumes an isolated, homogenous, single-leveled, and static relationship between BE and travel behavior, this collection of studies analyzes the interaction of a succession of decision-making processes with varying spatial limitations at different dimensions. This dissertation began by establishing a conceptual framework for evaluating the relationship between the built environment and trip-chain travel behavior. The research next evaluated the multidimensional BE impacts on the percentage of vehicle miles traveled (PVMT) and two critical trip-chain behaviors: trip-chain complexity and trip-chain mode choice. According to the tour complexity analysis, all non-auto passengers are opposed to increased tour complexity. Overall, only activity availability and density near the job and neighborhood housing type and density had a substantial effect on the BE factors. In comparison to tour complexity, the findings of the tour-level mode choice study indicate that BE characteristics are more influential in deciding mode choice. Among all BE characteristics, walkability (bike-ability) and street connection at the job and at home have the most impact. Additionally, the decision-making process for secondary mode selection is considered. The model findings suggest that the secondary mode choice is mostly determined by the primary mode choice, whereas BE characteristics close to sub-activity sites have a little effect. Only two walkability attributes have a significant influence on secondary mode choice when compared to all BE attributes close to sub-activity sites. Finally, the interdependence is evaluated by examining the relationship between tour complexity and tour-level mode selection. When the joint impacts are considered, the single-family ratio in the home zone has a substantial marginal influence on mode choice. The findings indicate that the single-family ratio in the home zone increases the probability of a drive-alone trip but decreases the probability of transit, bike, or walking tour
Author: Andrew Tracy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Assessing the impact of the built environment on travel behavior can yield valuable tools for land use and transportation planning. In this study, a method is proposed by which geospatial characteristics of the built environment may be quantified and used to model spatial variability in travel behavior at an aggregate level. The GIS-based method explores many geostatistical concepts and their applicability to transportation planning. The models developed may be used to supplement four-step planning models that have little inherent sensitivity to changes in land use and other aspects of the built environment. This method is applied to a study area composed of Buffalo, NY, and its surrounding communities. Among the main conclusions of the study are that zonal mode choice is highly correlated to built environment factors, even when controlling for relevant household demographics such as vehicle ownership, and that home-based VHT and VMT are affected by the built environment to a lesser degree than by social or economic factors. Statistical concepts such as regression Cp minimization, principal component analysis, and power transformations are explored and found to be methodologically beneficial. To conclude the study, the method is applied to a hypothetical land use scenario to estimate the reduction in zonal vehicle dependency caused by high-density development in suburban areas.
Author: Xiaodong Guan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
A clear understanding on the impact of the built environment on travel behavior is crucial for land use and transport planning. However, previous land use-transport studies are largely constrained to a single individual in the household and a single long-term choice (i.e. residential location). The individual was commonly used as the unit of analysis, while both long-term location/mobility choices (residential location, work location and car ownership) and daily travel behaviors could be household level decisions. Besides, previous land use-transport research usually assumed the residential location as a decision that independent with the work location, while these two location choices may be associated with each other. Ignoring intra-household interactions in travel decisions and the interdependencies between different long-term choices would lead to an incomplete understanding on the land use-transport relationship. This thesis fills these research gaps by providing a new household perspective to rethink and reexamine the relationships among the built environment, travel attitudes, and travel behavior. It extends the“individual-based”analytical framework of land use-transport research to a broader“household-based”one. Specifically, this proposed analytical framework takes the household as the basic unit of analysis, and considers interactions among different household members as well as different long-term choices. This research challenges the underlying assumptions of existing land use-transport research, and has the potential to guide the research design and model specification of future travel behavior studies. Three empirical studies were conducted to examine the proposed household-based research framework. Data was derived from a household activity-travel diary survey in 2016 in Beijing, China. The results of empirical studies indicate that: Self-selection exists in different long-term choices, including residential location, work location, commuting distance and car ownership; Travel attitudes of different household members play different roles in self-selections regarding these long-term choices; The partner's travel attitudes affect an individual's long-term choices and travel behaviors simultaneously, thereby could be additional sources of the self-selection effect; The built environment has indirect impacts on the male head’s travel behaviors through the female head’s travel choices; Besides, residential location has indirect impacts on travel behavior though the work location choice, and vice versa. In general, this dissertation confirms the significance and necessity of investigating the impact of the built environment on travel behavior from a household-based perspective. Findings in this dissertation contribute to a better understanding on the process and mechanism of household members' long-term and short-term travel choices, and further both the direct and indirect impacts of the built environment on travel behavior.
Author: Transportation Research Board
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309094984
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.
Author: C. Maat
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607500647
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Analyses of Interdependencies. An academic and policy debate has been running in recent decades on whetherand to what extent travel behaviour is influenced by the built environment.This dissertation addresses the influence on daily travel distance, chainingbehaviour, car ownershi
Author: Wendy Bohte
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607506556
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
"Most Western national governments aim to influence individual travel patterns - at least to some degree - through the spatial planning of residential areas. Nevertheless, the extent to which the characteristics of the built environment influence travel behaviour remains the subject of debate among travel behaviour researchers. This work addresses the role of residential-self-selection, an important issue within this debate. Households may not only adjust their travel behaviour to the built environment where they live, but they may also choose a residential location that corresponds to their travel-related attitudes. The empirical analysis in this thesis is based on data collected through an internet survey and a GPS-based survey, both of which were conducted among homeowners in three centrally located municipalities in the Netherlands. The study showed that residential self-selection has some limited effect on the relationship between distances to activity locations and travel mode use and daily kilometres travelled. The results also indicate that the inclusion of attitudes can help to detecting residential self-selection, provided that studies comply with several preconditions, such as the inclusion of the 'reversed' influence of behaviour on attitudes." -- BACK COVER.
Author: Jin Hyun Hong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile travel
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Urban transportation researchers have been studying the relationship between land use policy and travel behavior for several decades due to the topic's great importance in public policy-making. Because of the improvements in energy efficiency, large reductions in emissions have been achieved for a given amount of travel. Unfortunately, the rapid growth in total travel distance over the past several decades, especially for light duty vehicles, has reduced the benefits from technological improvements. Therefore, many urban planners have suggested land use planning as an alternative and fundamental way to reduce auto dependency and thereby, transportation emissions. However, several empirical studies about the linkage between built environments and travel behavior produced mixed results. In light of the inconsistent findings, research efforts to reconcile the discrepancy among different studies are required. Several methodological issues are found based on the previous literature and four main challenges are addressed in this study: self-selection, spatial autocorrelation, trip-interdependency, and geographic scale. In addition, two key methodological issues in modeling transportation emissions are found and addressed. First, transportation emissions per person are often estimated by using vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and emissions factors, but these emissions factors do not fully consider variations in travel speed and vehicle characteristics. Second, VMT and emissions factors are associated with travel characteristics, implying that the same methodological challenges existing in the land use-travel behavior analysis can exist in the land use-transportation emissions analysis. This research obtained several important results. First, increasing residential density can reduce VMT and emissions significantly. In addition, the impact of residential density on VMT is higher than that on transportation emissions, indicating that negative externalities such as congestion generated from compact developments should be considered in the land use-transportation emissions analysis. Second, analyses show that the effects of land use factors on VMT and emissions are different according to tour types and geographic scales. These results imply that different land use policies should be implemented according to neighborhoods characteristics. Finally, the sensitivity analyses of built environment factors show that ignoring trip and vehicle characteristics in the emissions calculation can inflate the influences of built environments on emissions.
Author: Marlon G. Boarnet
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195352467
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Can transportation problems be fixed by the right neighborhood design? The tremendous popularity of the "new urbanism" and "livable communities" initiatives suggests that many persons think so. As a systematic assessment of attempts to solve transportation problems through urban design, this book asks and answers three questions: Can such efforts work? Will they be put into practice? Are they a good idea?
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study on the Relationships Among Development Patterns, Vehicle Miles Traveled, and Energy Consumption
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
The vast majority of the U.S. population - some 80 percent - now lives in metropolitan areas, but population and employment continue to decentralize within regions, and density levels continue to decline at the urban fringe. Suburbanization is a long-standing trend that reflects the preference of many Americans for living in detached single-family homes, made possible largely through the mobility provided by the automobile and an extensive highway network. Yet these dispersed, automobile-dependent development patterns have come at a cost, consuming vast quantities of undeveloped land; increasing the nations dependence on petroleum, particularly foreign imports; and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to global warming. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between land development patterns, often referred to as the built environment, and motor vehicle travel in the United States and to assess whether petroleum use, and by extension GHG emissions, could be reduced through changes in the design of development patterns. A key question of interest is the extent to which developing more compactly would reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and make alternative modes of travel (e.g., transit, walking) more feasible. The study is focused on metropolitan areas and on personal travel, the primary vectors through which policy changes designed to encourage more compact development should have the greatest effect.
Author: David Michael van Herick
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355969276
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
When I combined BEP quality score with goodness-of-fit, I found the most “trustworthy” BEPs tended to either be two-equation statistical control modular effects BEPs or sample selection treatment effects BEPs, and that the average of the BEPs that performed well on both dimensions was 0.617, indicating that approximately 62% of the apparent total influence of the BE on TB (at least in this study) was found to be due to the BE itself, while the remaining 38% was due to self-selection. It is important to reiterate that this study only provides a single empirical application among what I hope will become many. If one thing is clear from this study, it is that there is not (yet) a final word on what the BEP is – even when empirical context and data are held as constant as possible, the value of the BEP has the potential to nearly run the gamut.
