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Author: P.W. Hawkes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642815162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
No single volume has been entirely devoted to the properties of magnetic lenses, so far as I am aware, although of course all the numerous textbooks on electron optics devote space to them. The absence of such a volume, bringing together in formation about the theory and practical design of these lenses, is surprising, for their introduction some fifty years ago has created an entirely new family of commercial instruments, ranging from the now traditional transmission electron microscope, through the reflection and transmission scanning microscopes, to co lumns for micromachining and microlithography, not to mention the host of experi mental devices not available commercially. It therefore seemed useful to prepare an account of the various aspects of mag netic lens studies. These divide naturally into the five chapters of this book: the theoretical background, in which the optical behaviour is described and formu lae given for the various aberration coefficients; numerical methods for calculat ing the field distribution and trajectory tracing; extensive discussion of the paraxial optical properties and aberration coefficients of practical lenses, il lustrated with curves from which numerical information can be obtained; a comple mentary account of the practical, engineering aspects of lens design, including permanent magnet lenses and the various types of superconducting lenses; and final ly, an up-to-date survey of several kinds of highly unconventional magnetic lens, which may well change the appearance of future electron optical instruments very considerably after they cease to be unconventional.
Author: P.W. Hawkes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642815162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
No single volume has been entirely devoted to the properties of magnetic lenses, so far as I am aware, although of course all the numerous textbooks on electron optics devote space to them. The absence of such a volume, bringing together in formation about the theory and practical design of these lenses, is surprising, for their introduction some fifty years ago has created an entirely new family of commercial instruments, ranging from the now traditional transmission electron microscope, through the reflection and transmission scanning microscopes, to co lumns for micromachining and microlithography, not to mention the host of experi mental devices not available commercially. It therefore seemed useful to prepare an account of the various aspects of mag netic lens studies. These divide naturally into the five chapters of this book: the theoretical background, in which the optical behaviour is described and formu lae given for the various aberration coefficients; numerical methods for calculat ing the field distribution and trajectory tracing; extensive discussion of the paraxial optical properties and aberration coefficients of practical lenses, il lustrated with curves from which numerical information can be obtained; a comple mentary account of the practical, engineering aspects of lens design, including permanent magnet lenses and the various types of superconducting lenses; and final ly, an up-to-date survey of several kinds of highly unconventional magnetic lens, which may well change the appearance of future electron optical instruments very considerably after they cease to be unconventional.
Author: L. Marton
Publisher: Marton Press
ISBN: 1406750379
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
PREFACE. THE Author of this very practical treatise on Scotch Loch - Fishing desires clearly that it may be of use to all who had it. He does not pretend to have written anything new, but to have attempted to put what he has to say in as readable a form as possible. Everything in the way of the history and habits of fish has been studiously avoided, and technicalities have been used as sparingly as possible. The writing of this book has afforded him pleasure in his leisure moments, and that pleasure would be much increased if he knew that the perusal of it would create any bond of sympathy between himself and the angling community in general. This section is interleaved with blank shects for the readers notes. The Author need hardly say that any suggestions addressed to the case of the publishers, will meet with consideration in a future edition. We do not pretend to write or enlarge upon a new subject. Much has been said and written-and well said and written too on the art of fishing but loch-fishing has been rather looked upon as a second-rate performance, and to dispel this idea is one of the objects for which this present treatise has been written. Far be it from us to say anything against fishing, lawfully practised in any form but many pent up in our large towns will bear us out when me say that, on the whole, a days loch-fishing is the most convenient. One great matter is, that the loch-fisher is depend- ent on nothing but enough wind to curl the water, -and on a large loch it is very seldom that a dead calm prevails all day, -and can make his arrangements for a day, weeks beforehand whereas the stream- fisher is dependent for a good take on the state of the water and however pleasant and easy it may be for one living near the banks of a good trout stream or river, it is quite another matter to arrange for a days river-fishing, if one is looking forward to a holiday at a date some weeks ahead. Providence may favour the expectant angler with a good day, and the water in order but experience has taught most of us that the good days are in the minority, and that, as is the case with our rapid running streams, -such as many of our northern streams are, -the water is either too large or too small, unless, as previously remarked, you live near at hand, and can catch it at its best. A common belief in regard to loch-fishing is, that the tyro and the experienced angler have nearly the same chance in fishing, -the one from the stern and the other from the bow of the same boat. Of all the absurd beliefs as to loch-fishing, this is one of the most absurd. Try it. Give the tyro either end of the boat he likes give him a cast of ally flies he may fancy, or even a cast similar to those which a crack may be using and if he catches one for every three the other has, he may consider himself very lucky. Of course there are lochs where the fish are not abundant, and a beginner may come across as many as an older fisher but we speak of lochs where there are fish to be caught, and where each has a fair chance. Again, it is said that the boatman has as much to do with catching trout in a loch as the angler. Well, we dont deny that. In an untried loch it is necessary to have the guidance of a good boatman but the same argument holds good as to stream-fishing...
Author: Chretien de Troyes
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300038380
Category : Poetry
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
A twelfth-century poem by the creator of the Arthurian romance describes the courageous exploits and triumphs of a brave lord who tries to win back his deserted wife's love
Author: Charles Hayter
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN: 0773572708
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Charles Hayter chronicles the work of Canadian provinces in establishing the cancer programs that remain the framework for modern systems. Focusing on the compromises these programs required, which anticipated later conflicts over Medicare, Hayter concludes by revealing the historical roots of current problems in cancer care.
Author: Paul Latham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Edible caterpillars
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author: Alessandra Ceretto
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 136509796X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Author: Richard O. Bierregaard
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 9780300127492
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
Deforestation is occurring at an alarming rate in many parts of the world, causing destruction of natural habitat and fragmentation of what remains. Nowhere is this problem more pressing than in the Amazon rainforest, which is rapidly vanishing in the face of enormous pressure from humans to exploit it. This book presents the results of the longest-running and most comprehensive study of forest fragmentation ever undertaken, the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) in central Amazonia, the only experimental study of tropical forest fragmentation in which baseline data are available before isolation from continuous forest took place.A joint project of Brazil’s National Institute for Research in Amazonia and the U.S. Smithsonian Institution, the BDFFP has investigated the many effects that habitat fragmentation has on plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. The book provides an overview of the BDFFP, reports on its case studies, looks at forest ecology and tree genetics, and considers what issues are involved in establishing conservation and management guidelines.
Author: Bennett H Wall
Publisher: Hassell Street Press
ISBN: 9781015031500
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264257101
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Food insecurity and malnutrition are major concerns, especially in rural areas. Globally, they have received considerable attention, but results have been mixed. To provide effective long-term solutions, policy responses must be tailored to the specific challenges of each territory.
Author: A. Bertram
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
