Author: Ryan Dubé
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 1640499385
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Mystical, timeless, and full of adventure: embark on the trip of a lifetime to the jewel of Peru with Moon Machu Picchu. Inside you'll find: Strategic trekking guides, including two to four days on the Inca Trail, five days on the Salcantay, and an Inca Jungle Trail itinerary, plus focused coverage of Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Lima Unique experiences beyond the beaten path: Explore seldom-seen ruins like the Ollantaytambo Temple and visit remote Quechua-speaking villages. Go horseback riding on a caballo de paso in the Sacred Valley, mountain biking to the hilltop fortress of Sacsayhuamán, or set up camp on the riverbank after a day of rafting on the Río Apurímac. Sample coca tea and authentic local delicacies, or shop for handmade Peruvian weavings, pottery, and jewelry Essential planning information on agencies, tour guides, and porters, food and accommodations, packing suggestions, finding the best airfares, and getting around by bus, train, taxi, car, or motorcycle rental How to visit Machu Picchu respectfully, with tips from Lima local Ryan Dubé on and helping the local economy, minimizing your impact, and avoiding over-tourism A guide to hazards, precautions, and gear, including how to avoid altitude sickness Full-color photos and easy-to-use maps throughout, plus a convenient foldout map Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, plants, culture, history, and local customs Handy tools including a Spanish phrasebook, visa information, volunteer and study opportunities, and tips for seniors, families, visitors with disabilities, women traveling alone, and LGBTQ+ travelers With Moon Machu Picchu's practical advice and insider know-how, you can forge your own path. Doing a tour of South America? Try Moon Cartagena & Colombia's Caribbean Coast, Moon Ecuador & the Galápagos Islands, or Moon Chile.
Moon Machu Picchu
Author: Ryan Dubé
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 1640499385
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Mystical, timeless, and full of adventure: embark on the trip of a lifetime to the jewel of Peru with Moon Machu Picchu. Inside you'll find: Strategic trekking guides, including two to four days on the Inca Trail, five days on the Salcantay, and an Inca Jungle Trail itinerary, plus focused coverage of Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Lima Unique experiences beyond the beaten path: Explore seldom-seen ruins like the Ollantaytambo Temple and visit remote Quechua-speaking villages. Go horseback riding on a caballo de paso in the Sacred Valley, mountain biking to the hilltop fortress of Sacsayhuamán, or set up camp on the riverbank after a day of rafting on the Río Apurímac. Sample coca tea and authentic local delicacies, or shop for handmade Peruvian weavings, pottery, and jewelry Essential planning information on agencies, tour guides, and porters, food and accommodations, packing suggestions, finding the best airfares, and getting around by bus, train, taxi, car, or motorcycle rental How to visit Machu Picchu respectfully, with tips from Lima local Ryan Dubé on and helping the local economy, minimizing your impact, and avoiding over-tourism A guide to hazards, precautions, and gear, including how to avoid altitude sickness Full-color photos and easy-to-use maps throughout, plus a convenient foldout map Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, plants, culture, history, and local customs Handy tools including a Spanish phrasebook, visa information, volunteer and study opportunities, and tips for seniors, families, visitors with disabilities, women traveling alone, and LGBTQ+ travelers With Moon Machu Picchu's practical advice and insider know-how, you can forge your own path. Doing a tour of South America? Try Moon Cartagena & Colombia's Caribbean Coast, Moon Ecuador & the Galápagos Islands, or Moon Chile.
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 1640499385
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Mystical, timeless, and full of adventure: embark on the trip of a lifetime to the jewel of Peru with Moon Machu Picchu. Inside you'll find: Strategic trekking guides, including two to four days on the Inca Trail, five days on the Salcantay, and an Inca Jungle Trail itinerary, plus focused coverage of Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Lima Unique experiences beyond the beaten path: Explore seldom-seen ruins like the Ollantaytambo Temple and visit remote Quechua-speaking villages. Go horseback riding on a caballo de paso in the Sacred Valley, mountain biking to the hilltop fortress of Sacsayhuamán, or set up camp on the riverbank after a day of rafting on the Río Apurímac. Sample coca tea and authentic local delicacies, or shop for handmade Peruvian weavings, pottery, and jewelry Essential planning information on agencies, tour guides, and porters, food and accommodations, packing suggestions, finding the best airfares, and getting around by bus, train, taxi, car, or motorcycle rental How to visit Machu Picchu respectfully, with tips from Lima local Ryan Dubé on and helping the local economy, minimizing your impact, and avoiding over-tourism A guide to hazards, precautions, and gear, including how to avoid altitude sickness Full-color photos and easy-to-use maps throughout, plus a convenient foldout map Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, plants, culture, history, and local customs Handy tools including a Spanish phrasebook, visa information, volunteer and study opportunities, and tips for seniors, families, visitors with disabilities, women traveling alone, and LGBTQ+ travelers With Moon Machu Picchu's practical advice and insider know-how, you can forge your own path. Doing a tour of South America? Try Moon Cartagena & Colombia's Caribbean Coast, Moon Ecuador & the Galápagos Islands, or Moon Chile.
Lost City
Author: Ted Lewin
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1101652772
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 46
Book Description
Caldecott Honor-winner Ted Lewin takes readers on a thrilling journey to the wilds of Peru in this story of Hiram Bingham, who, in 1911, carved a treacherous path through snake-filled jungles and across perilous mountains in search of Vilcapampa, the lost city of the Incas. Guided the last steps by a young Quechua boy, however, he discovered not the rumored lost city, but the ruins of Machu Picchu, a city totally unknown to the outside world, and one of the wonders of the world.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1101652772
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 46
Book Description
Caldecott Honor-winner Ted Lewin takes readers on a thrilling journey to the wilds of Peru in this story of Hiram Bingham, who, in 1911, carved a treacherous path through snake-filled jungles and across perilous mountains in search of Vilcapampa, the lost city of the Incas. Guided the last steps by a young Quechua boy, however, he discovered not the rumored lost city, but the ruins of Machu Picchu, a city totally unknown to the outside world, and one of the wonders of the world.
Lost City of the Incas
Author: Hiram Bingham
Publisher: Weidenfeld & Nicolson
ISBN: 0297865331
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 299
Book Description
First published in the 1950s, this is a classic account of the discovery in 1911 of the lost city of Machu Picchu. In 1911 Hiram Bingham, a pre-historian with a love of exotic destinations, set out to Peru in search of the legendary city of Vilcabamba, capital city of the last Inca ruler, Manco Inca. With a combination of doggedness and good fortune he stumbled on the perfectly preserved ruins of Machu Picchu perched on a cloud-capped ledge 2000 feet above the torrent of the Urubamba River. The buildings were of white granite, exquisitely carved blocks each higher than a man. Bingham had not, as it turned out, found Vilcabamba, but he had nevertheless made an astonishing and memorable discovery, which he describes in his bestselling book LOST CITY OF THE INCAS.
Publisher: Weidenfeld & Nicolson
ISBN: 0297865331
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 299
Book Description
First published in the 1950s, this is a classic account of the discovery in 1911 of the lost city of Machu Picchu. In 1911 Hiram Bingham, a pre-historian with a love of exotic destinations, set out to Peru in search of the legendary city of Vilcabamba, capital city of the last Inca ruler, Manco Inca. With a combination of doggedness and good fortune he stumbled on the perfectly preserved ruins of Machu Picchu perched on a cloud-capped ledge 2000 feet above the torrent of the Urubamba River. The buildings were of white granite, exquisitely carved blocks each higher than a man. Bingham had not, as it turned out, found Vilcabamba, but he had nevertheless made an astonishing and memorable discovery, which he describes in his bestselling book LOST CITY OF THE INCAS.
Machu Picchu
Author: Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781542351461
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
*Includes pictures of Machu Picchu and other important people and places. *Explains the history of the site and the theories about its purpose and abandonment. *Describes the layout of Machu Picchu, its important structures, and the theories about the buildings' uses. In 1911, American historian Hiram Bingham publicized the finding of what at the time was considered a "lost city" of the Inca. Though local inhabitants had known about it for century, Bingham documented and photographed the ruins of a 15th century settlement nestled along a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, placed so perfectly from a defensive standpoint that it's believed the Spanish never conquered it and may have never known about it. Today, of course, Machu Picchu is one of South America's best tourist spots, and the ruins have even been voted one of the Seven New Wonders of the World. But even though Machu Picchu is now the best known of all Incan ruins, its function in Incan civilization is still not clear. Some have speculated that it was an outpost or a frontier citadel, while others believe it to be a sanctuary or a work center for women. Still others suggest that it was a ceremonial center or perhaps even the last refuge of the Incas after the Spanish conquest. One of the most theories to take hold is that Machu Picchu was the summer dwelling of the Inca's royal court, the Inca's version of Versailles. As was the case with the renaming of Mayan and Aztec ruins, the names given to various structures by archaeologists are purely imaginary and thus not very helpful; for example, the mausoleum, palace or watchtower at Machu Picchu may have been nothing of the sort. What is clear at Machu Picchu is that the urban plan and the building techniques employed followed those at other Incan settlements, particularly the capital of Cuzco. The location of plazas and the clever use of the irregularities of the land, along with the highly developed aesthetic involved in masonry work, followed the model of the Inca capital. At Machu Picchu, the typical Incan technique of meticulously assembling ashlar masonry and creating walls of blocks without a binding material is astounding. The blocks are sometimes evenly squared and sometimes are of varying shape. In the latter case, the very tight connection between the blocks of stone seems quite remarkable. Even more astounding than the precise stone cutting of the Incas is the method that they used for the transportation and movement on site of these enormous blocks. The Incas did not have the wheel, so all the work was accomplished using rollers and levers. Machu Picchu: The History and Mystery of the Incan City comprehensively covers the history of the city, as well as the speculation surrounding the purpose of Machu Picchu and the debate over the buildings. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about Machu Picchu like you never have before, in no time at all.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781542351461
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
*Includes pictures of Machu Picchu and other important people and places. *Explains the history of the site and the theories about its purpose and abandonment. *Describes the layout of Machu Picchu, its important structures, and the theories about the buildings' uses. In 1911, American historian Hiram Bingham publicized the finding of what at the time was considered a "lost city" of the Inca. Though local inhabitants had known about it for century, Bingham documented and photographed the ruins of a 15th century settlement nestled along a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, placed so perfectly from a defensive standpoint that it's believed the Spanish never conquered it and may have never known about it. Today, of course, Machu Picchu is one of South America's best tourist spots, and the ruins have even been voted one of the Seven New Wonders of the World. But even though Machu Picchu is now the best known of all Incan ruins, its function in Incan civilization is still not clear. Some have speculated that it was an outpost or a frontier citadel, while others believe it to be a sanctuary or a work center for women. Still others suggest that it was a ceremonial center or perhaps even the last refuge of the Incas after the Spanish conquest. One of the most theories to take hold is that Machu Picchu was the summer dwelling of the Inca's royal court, the Inca's version of Versailles. As was the case with the renaming of Mayan and Aztec ruins, the names given to various structures by archaeologists are purely imaginary and thus not very helpful; for example, the mausoleum, palace or watchtower at Machu Picchu may have been nothing of the sort. What is clear at Machu Picchu is that the urban plan and the building techniques employed followed those at other Incan settlements, particularly the capital of Cuzco. The location of plazas and the clever use of the irregularities of the land, along with the highly developed aesthetic involved in masonry work, followed the model of the Inca capital. At Machu Picchu, the typical Incan technique of meticulously assembling ashlar masonry and creating walls of blocks without a binding material is astounding. The blocks are sometimes evenly squared and sometimes are of varying shape. In the latter case, the very tight connection between the blocks of stone seems quite remarkable. Even more astounding than the precise stone cutting of the Incas is the method that they used for the transportation and movement on site of these enormous blocks. The Incas did not have the wheel, so all the work was accomplished using rollers and levers. Machu Picchu: The History and Mystery of the Incan City comprehensively covers the history of the city, as well as the speculation surrounding the purpose of Machu Picchu and the debate over the buildings. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about Machu Picchu like you never have before, in no time at all.
Moon Machu Picchu
Author: Ryan Dubé
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 1631213865
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Book Description
Moon Travel Guides: The Trip of a Lifetime This jewel of Peru and heart of the lost Inca empire makes for a once-in-a-lifetime trip. Moon Machu Picchu is a comprehensive, honest guide to making the most out of your adventure. What You'll Discover in Moon Machu Picchu: Strategic trekking guides, including two or four days on the Inca Trail, five days on the Salcantay trek, and the Inca Jungle Trail Essential information on agencies, tour guides, porters, dining, accommodations, deciding when and where to go, and making reservations A guide to hazards, precautions, and gear, and tips for avoiding altitude sickness Focused coverage of stopovers in Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Lima Unique ideas beyond the beaten path: Explore seldom-seen ruins like the Ollantaytambo Temple, and visit remote Quechua-speaking villages. Go horseback riding on a caballo de paso in the Sacred Valley, mountain biking to the hilltop fortress of Sacsayhuamán, or set up camp on the wild river banks after a day of rafting on the Río Apurímac Transportation advice: tips on finding the best airfares and getting around by bus, train, taxi, car or motorcycle rental, and even hitchhiking Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, plants, culture, history, and customs Handy tools including a Spanish phrasebook, visa information, volunteer opportunities, and tips for seniors, families with children, women traveling alone, and LGBTQ+ travelers Expert perspective from Lima resident Ryan Dubé A full-color foldout map of the region, with vibrant photos and additional maps throughout With Moon Machu Picchu's expert insight, practical advice, and insider tips, you can forge your own path. Exploring the rest of the country? Try Moon Lima or Moon Peru. Doing a tour of South America? Try Moon Colombia or Moon Patagonia.
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 1631213865
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Book Description
Moon Travel Guides: The Trip of a Lifetime This jewel of Peru and heart of the lost Inca empire makes for a once-in-a-lifetime trip. Moon Machu Picchu is a comprehensive, honest guide to making the most out of your adventure. What You'll Discover in Moon Machu Picchu: Strategic trekking guides, including two or four days on the Inca Trail, five days on the Salcantay trek, and the Inca Jungle Trail Essential information on agencies, tour guides, porters, dining, accommodations, deciding when and where to go, and making reservations A guide to hazards, precautions, and gear, and tips for avoiding altitude sickness Focused coverage of stopovers in Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Lima Unique ideas beyond the beaten path: Explore seldom-seen ruins like the Ollantaytambo Temple, and visit remote Quechua-speaking villages. Go horseback riding on a caballo de paso in the Sacred Valley, mountain biking to the hilltop fortress of Sacsayhuamán, or set up camp on the wild river banks after a day of rafting on the Río Apurímac Transportation advice: tips on finding the best airfares and getting around by bus, train, taxi, car or motorcycle rental, and even hitchhiking Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, plants, culture, history, and customs Handy tools including a Spanish phrasebook, visa information, volunteer opportunities, and tips for seniors, families with children, women traveling alone, and LGBTQ+ travelers Expert perspective from Lima resident Ryan Dubé A full-color foldout map of the region, with vibrant photos and additional maps throughout With Moon Machu Picchu's expert insight, practical advice, and insider tips, you can forge your own path. Exploring the rest of the country? Try Moon Lima or Moon Peru. Doing a tour of South America? Try Moon Colombia or Moon Patagonia.
The Machu Picchu Guidebook
Author: Ruth M. Wright
Publisher: Big Earth Publishing
ISBN: 9781555663278
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 230
Book Description
"The best all around guide for those who've been or who are going to Machu Picchu . . . . Absolutely indispensable!"--Don Montague, president, South American Explorers. This revised edition includes newly discovered sites and full-color illustrations of real-life scenes from "National Geographic."
Publisher: Big Earth Publishing
ISBN: 9781555663278
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 230
Book Description
"The best all around guide for those who've been or who are going to Machu Picchu . . . . Absolutely indispensable!"--Don Montague, president, South American Explorers. This revised edition includes newly discovered sites and full-color illustrations of real-life scenes from "National Geographic."
Beyond the Stones of Machu Picchu
Author: Elizabeth Conrad VanBuskirk
Publisher: Thrums Books
ISBN: 9780983886051
Category : Inca mythology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Andean village life is vibrantly depicted through folk tales, stories, and art in this compendium of South American culture with a special focus on the famous Andean practice of weaving and other textile arts. The stories and paintings exhibited within take a rare, in-depth look into South American native people, their customs, everyday lives, incidents of change, and profound appreciation and celebration of the natural world, bringing forth Incan rituals and beliefs about the living earth (Pacha Mama), the majestic mountains worshipped as Apus, the sky and its "black constellations," the meanings attached to sacred water, the events of nature and ever-changing climate, and the stages of life and growth. Stories include The Gift of Quinoa, The Bear Prince, and The First Haircutting, all interspersed with distinguished, imaginative, and expansive paintings that vividly illustrate scenes of little-known but time-honored traditions, like the annual Pilgrimage to the Ice Mountain, the ceremony of Qoyllu Riti, Star of the Snow, and other events that mark the life of Inca people in the past and today.
Publisher: Thrums Books
ISBN: 9780983886051
Category : Inca mythology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Andean village life is vibrantly depicted through folk tales, stories, and art in this compendium of South American culture with a special focus on the famous Andean practice of weaving and other textile arts. The stories and paintings exhibited within take a rare, in-depth look into South American native people, their customs, everyday lives, incidents of change, and profound appreciation and celebration of the natural world, bringing forth Incan rituals and beliefs about the living earth (Pacha Mama), the majestic mountains worshipped as Apus, the sky and its "black constellations," the meanings attached to sacred water, the events of nature and ever-changing climate, and the stages of life and growth. Stories include The Gift of Quinoa, The Bear Prince, and The First Haircutting, all interspersed with distinguished, imaginative, and expansive paintings that vividly illustrate scenes of little-known but time-honored traditions, like the annual Pilgrimage to the Ice Mountain, the ceremony of Qoyllu Riti, Star of the Snow, and other events that mark the life of Inca people in the past and today.
Moon Machu Picchu
Author: Ryan Dubé
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 1640493182
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 430
Book Description
Mystical, timeless, and full of adventure: embark on the trip of a lifetime to the jewel of Peru with Moon Machu Picchu. Inside you'll find: Strategic trekking guides, including two to four days on the Inca Trail, five days on the Salcantay, and an Inca Jungle Trail itinerary, plus focused coverage of Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Lima Unique experiences beyond the beaten path: Explore seldom-seen ruins like the Ollantaytambo Temple and visit remote Quechua-speaking villages. Go horseback riding on a caballo de paso in the Sacred Valley, mountain biking to the hilltop fortress of Sacsayhuamán, or set up camp on the riverbank after a day of rafting on the Río Apurímac. Sample coca tea and authentic local delicacies, or shop for handmade Peruvian weavings, pottery, and jewelry Essential planning information on agencies, tour guides, and porters, food and accommodations, packing suggestions, finding the best airfares, and getting around by bus, train, taxi, car, or motorcycle rental How to visit Machu Picchu respectfully, with tips on sustainability and helping the local economy, minimizing your impact, and avoiding over-tourism, with insight from Lima resident Ryan Dubé A guide to hazards, precautions, and gear, including how to avoid altitude sickness Full-color photos and detailed maps throughout Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, plants, culture, history, and local customs Handy tools including a Spanish phrasebook, visa information, volunteer and study opportunities, and tips for seniors, families with children, visitors with disabilities, women traveling alone, and LGBTQ+ travelers With Moon Machu Picchu's practical advice and insider know-how, you can forge your own path. Exploring the rest of the country? Try Moon Peru. Doing a tour of South America? Try Moon Colombia or Moon Patagonia. Special ebook features: Easily navigate listings with quick searches, plus website links and zoom-in maps and images Personalize your guide by adding notes and bookmarks
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 1640493182
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 430
Book Description
Mystical, timeless, and full of adventure: embark on the trip of a lifetime to the jewel of Peru with Moon Machu Picchu. Inside you'll find: Strategic trekking guides, including two to four days on the Inca Trail, five days on the Salcantay, and an Inca Jungle Trail itinerary, plus focused coverage of Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Lima Unique experiences beyond the beaten path: Explore seldom-seen ruins like the Ollantaytambo Temple and visit remote Quechua-speaking villages. Go horseback riding on a caballo de paso in the Sacred Valley, mountain biking to the hilltop fortress of Sacsayhuamán, or set up camp on the riverbank after a day of rafting on the Río Apurímac. Sample coca tea and authentic local delicacies, or shop for handmade Peruvian weavings, pottery, and jewelry Essential planning information on agencies, tour guides, and porters, food and accommodations, packing suggestions, finding the best airfares, and getting around by bus, train, taxi, car, or motorcycle rental How to visit Machu Picchu respectfully, with tips on sustainability and helping the local economy, minimizing your impact, and avoiding over-tourism, with insight from Lima resident Ryan Dubé A guide to hazards, precautions, and gear, including how to avoid altitude sickness Full-color photos and detailed maps throughout Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, plants, culture, history, and local customs Handy tools including a Spanish phrasebook, visa information, volunteer and study opportunities, and tips for seniors, families with children, visitors with disabilities, women traveling alone, and LGBTQ+ travelers With Moon Machu Picchu's practical advice and insider know-how, you can forge your own path. Exploring the rest of the country? Try Moon Peru. Doing a tour of South America? Try Moon Colombia or Moon Patagonia. Special ebook features: Easily navigate listings with quick searches, plus website links and zoom-in maps and images Personalize your guide by adding notes and bookmarks
Heights of Macchu Picchu
Author: Barry Brukoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bilingual books
Languages : en
Pages : 136
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bilingual books
Languages : en
Pages : 136
Book Description
Moon Machu Picchu
Author: Ryan Dubé
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 9781640499393
Category : SOCIAL SCIENCE
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Dawn reveals ancient stonework backed by the towering Andes--the fusion of natural and manmade beauty, built in harmony with earth and sky. Machu Picchu, center of the lost Inca empire, is your to explore. This book gives you what you need to know to make this trip possible: advice on choosing guides, tours, and means of transportation ; details on planning a trek--including how to decide which of the Inca trails is right for you ; information on how to get there, how long it will take, and where to stop along the way--including Lima, Cusco, and the Sacred Valley ; a foldout map of Machu Picchu and the surrounding area. --
Publisher: Moon Travel
ISBN: 9781640499393
Category : SOCIAL SCIENCE
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Dawn reveals ancient stonework backed by the towering Andes--the fusion of natural and manmade beauty, built in harmony with earth and sky. Machu Picchu, center of the lost Inca empire, is your to explore. This book gives you what you need to know to make this trip possible: advice on choosing guides, tours, and means of transportation ; details on planning a trek--including how to decide which of the Inca trails is right for you ; information on how to get there, how long it will take, and where to stop along the way--including Lima, Cusco, and the Sacred Valley ; a foldout map of Machu Picchu and the surrounding area. --