Monoclonality and Genetic Instability in Premalignant Breast Tissue PDF Download
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Author: Carol L. Rosenberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
By the time a cancer is detected, its tumor cells already exhibit myriad genetic abnormalities. To gain a better understanding of genetic events that occur early in breast carcinogenesis, this research examined genetic abnormalities 1) in histologically normal tissue from women at low, medium or high degrees of breast cancer risk, using archival specimens of reduction mammoplasties, and of diagnoses of atypical hyperplasia and breast cancers, respectively; and 2) in synchronously occurring putative precursor lesions, including normal-appearing epithelium, simple and atypical proliferative (hyperplastic) lesions and carcinomas themselves. Each specimen is microdissected, its DNA examined using a panel of selected microsatellite markers, and evidence of clonal abnormalities sought, in particular loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MI). Investigation of the project's first goal generated data regarding the timing and sites of early genetic abnormalities. These data raise the possibility that a field defect exists in certain breast tissue. Investigation of the second goal is uncovering the nature of the clonal relationships existing between multiple synchronous putative precursors. These studies are identifying important sites of genetic abnormalities in early breast cancer precursors, and beginning to outline a sequence of acquired genetic abnormalities necessary for precursor lesions to evolve into full-blown malignancies.
Author: Carol L. Rosenberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
By the time a cancer is detected, its tumor cells already exhibit myriad genetic abnormalities. To gain a better understanding of genetic events that occur early in breast carcinogenesis, this research examined genetic abnormalities 1) in histologically normal tissue from women at low, medium or high degrees of breast cancer risk, using archival specimens of reduction mammoplasties, and of diagnoses of atypical hyperplasia and breast cancers, respectively; and 2) in synchronously occurring putative precursor lesions, including normal-appearing epithelium, simple and atypical proliferative (hyperplastic) lesions and carcinomas themselves. Each specimen is microdissected, its DNA examined using a panel of selected microsatellite markers, and evidence of clonal abnormalities sought, in particular loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MI). Investigation of the project's first goal generated data regarding the timing and sites of early genetic abnormalities. These data raise the possibility that a field defect exists in certain breast tissue. Investigation of the second goal is uncovering the nature of the clonal relationships existing between multiple synchronous putative precursors. These studies are identifying important sites of genetic abnormalities in early breast cancer precursors, and beginning to outline a sequence of acquired genetic abnormalities necessary for precursor lesions to evolve into full-blown malignancies.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Breast cancer probably develops as multiple genetic abnormalities accumulate, but the timing and nature of the earliest steps in this progression remain unknown. Proliferative breast lesions, considered benign but associated with increased breast cancer risk, were recently shown to contain clona 1 genetic abnormalities. Therefore, we hypothesized that clonal genetic abnormalities might be detectable before any phenotypic abnormalities develop: i.e., in microscopically normal breast tissue. We examined DNA from 95 normal-appearing ducts or terminalductal-lobular units (TDLU) from 20 individuals with varying breast cancer risk: those undergoing reduction mammoplasty, those with proliferative lesions, and those already with breast cancer. Using 9 microsatellite markers, we looked for genetic instability, 0 allele imbalance, most likely loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We found genetically abnormal clones in 21/95 (22%) of seemingly normal samples from 10/20 (50%) women from all 3 risk groups. In women under age 50, trends towards increased rates of abnormalities were noted with increased cancer risk. Abnormalities were more likely to be at sites of known or postulated tumor suppressor genes than at random or neutral loci.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Allelic imbalances and losses affecting the chromosome 16q arm appear to be early abnormalities in breast carcinogenesis since they were observed in a significant number of preinvasive lesions. The most common region of overlapping allelic losses spans the region 16q23.3 - q24.1, observed affected in 60 - 70% of in situ breast lesions. Positional cloning strategies are currently being employed to clone the putative tumor suppressor gene. We have defined approximately 300 kb of a homozygous deletion within the region q23.3 - q24. 1 of chromosome 16 in a breast cancer cell line. A total of 29 previously reported ESTs were mapped to this region. Five new cDNA clones were isolated and mapped. The analysis of 150 kb of the genomic sequence from this deletion showed 22 putative exons. The identification of this gene as well as the use of molecular markers from this chromosome region will provide tools of potential diagnostic-prognostic significance.
Author: Liang Cheng
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461447993
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1136
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Book Description
Molecular Genetic Pathology, Second Edition presents up-to-date material containing fundamental information relevant to the clinical practice of molecular genetic pathology. Fully updated in each area and expanded to include identification of new infectious agents (H1N1), new diagnostic biomarkers and biomarkers for targeted cancer therapy. This edition is also expanded to include the many new technologies that have become available in the past few years such as microarray (AmpliChip) and high throughput deep sequencing, which will certainly change the clinical practice of molecular genetic pathology. Part I examines the clinical aspects of molecular biology and technology, genomics. Poharmacogenomics and proteomics, while Part II covers the clinically relevant information of medical genetics, hematology, transfusion medicine, oncology, and forensic pathology. Supplemented with many useful figures and presented in a helpful bullet-point format, Molecular Genetic Pathology, Second Edition provides a unique reference for practicing pathologists, oncologists, internists, and medical genetisists. Furthermore, a book with concise overview of the field and highlights of clinical applications will certainly help those trainees, including pathology residents, genetics residents, molecular pathology fellows, internists, hematology/oncology fellows, and medical technologists in preparing for their board examination/certification.
Author: Giampietro Gasparini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461551951
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Author: Sudhir Srivastava
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 9789051993738
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
This book describes the principles and the application of the existing molecular methodology for the detection of early cancer. Discussion focuses on the molecular changes characterizing preneoplastic lesions; molecular targets for early detection; validation of molecular targets; and new diagnostic technology for early detection. The advantages of molecular detection over current methods are examined, as well as the importance of identifying and characterizing preneoplastic lesions. In addition to the uses of highly specific molecular probes to detect early cancer, this book demonstrates the many ways in which molecular markers serve oncology. While meeting pressing needs in the practice of medicine, molecular detection of early cancer scientifically necessitates a confrontation with the biology of cancer, such as the genetic determinants of progression, regression, dormancy, and invasion. This work not only discusses the diagnostic value of these molecular methods but views their practical benefits against a background of conventional morphology.
Author: Frederick L, Greene
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475736568
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
The American Joint Committee on Cancer's Cancer Staging Manual is used by physicians throughout the world to diagnose cancer and determine the extent to which cancer has progressed. All of the TNM staging information included in this Sixth Edition is uniform between the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) and the UICC (International Union Against Cancer). In addition to the information found in the Handbook, the Manual provides standardized data forms for each anatomic site, which can be utilized as permanent patient records, enabling clinicians and cancer research scientists to maintain consistency in evaluating the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment. The CD-ROM packaged with each Manual contains printable copies of each of the book’s 45 Staging Forms.
Author: Moni Abraham Kuriakose
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319149113
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 541
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Book Description
This is the first of four volumes that together offer an authoritative, in-depth reference guide covering all aspects of the management of oral cancer from a multidisciplinary perspective and on the basis of a strong scientific foundation. This volume, on tumor biology, epidemiology, etiology, emerging role of cancer stem cells and prevention of oral cancer, opens by discussing oral carcinogenesis in general and the role of particular carcinogens and human papillomavirus. Global epidemiology and changes in disease prevalence are then addressed. Up-to-date information is provided on emerging cancer biomarkers, and the biologic basis of personalized therapy is explained. Histopathological features of malignant and premalignant neoplasms and their relevance to management are described. Further chapters focus on the current status of chemoprevention, the management of oral submucous fibrosis, and the value of various diagnostic adjuncts. The volume concludes by critically evaluating the efficacy of oral screening methods. Volume 1: Biology, Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention Volume 2: Diagnosis and Management Volume 3: Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery Volume 4: Rehabilitation and Supportive Care
Author: Alecsandru Ioan Baba
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789732714577
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 787
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Book Description
Author: John G. Azzopardi
Publisher: W.B. Saunders Company
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
