Author: Gamaris Tchomepi Mouaha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 42
Get Book Here
Book Description
Les externalités environnementales sont des exemples type de défaillances des marchés. Ses défaillances peuvent être corrigées si les décideurs ont la bonne information et ont conscience des réels coûts de leurs activités. L'un des outils utilisés pour la quantification de ces externalités est l'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV). L'ACV permet de déterminer les impacts environnementaux d'un produit tout au long de son cycle de vie. Cependant, il existe une déconnexion entre les logiques d'organisation des activités économiques et les logiques d'estimation des impacts. La monétarisation permet de réconcilier ces deux logiques. Elle facilite la prise de décision en synthétisant une information riche et diversifiée sous forme de valeur monétaire. Ainsi, plusieurs méthodes existent en la matière mais sont plus ou moins adaptées en fonction de la finalité de la monétarisation, du contexte de sa réalisation et des agents dont les préférences sont pertinentes pour la démarche. L'objectif de cette étude est de déployer une méthode de monétarisation des ACV. Nous avons proposé une approche par la fonction de production pour monétariser ces résultats. Nous avons simulé une fonction qui met en lien la structure de coût de d'entreprise de produits culinaires à ces impacts ACV sur 202 observations à partir d'un GLM. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l'émission de substances non-cancérigènes et cancérigènes, l'émission de substances acidifiantes dans l'environnement ainsi que la présence de substances dans l'environnement aquatique ont des effets positifs sur le prix de la poêle tandis que l'émission des gaz à effet de serre fait perdre de la valeur à cette dernière. Les résultats ont également montré qu'une poêle de 4.5 € entraine un coût environnemental de 0,298 € soit 6.62% du prix, avec pour principal contributeur les substances non-cancérigènes.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264093052
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 167
Get Book Here
Book Description
The 2011 edition of OECD's periodic survey of the French economy. This edition includes chapters covering the recovery, bringing down the public debt, making the housing market work better, and France's environmental policies.
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9282113132
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 235
Get Book Here
Book Description
This report makes recommendations for good practice bringing the results of economic appraisals and environmental assessments before decision makers in the transport sector on the basis of reviews of recent experience in infrastructure planning and policy development in seven countries.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9789264093041
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Get Book Here
Book Description
The 2011 edition of OECD's periodic survey of the French economy. This edition includes chapters covering the recovery, bringing down the public debt, making the housing market work better, and France's environmental policies.
Author: Deepa Narayan-Parker
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780195216028
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342
Get Book Here
Book Description
A multi-country research initiative to understand poverty from the eyes of the poor, the Voices of the Poor project was undertaken to inform the World Bank's activities and the upcoming World Development Report 2000/01. The research findings are being published in three books: "Can Anyone Hear Us?" gathers the voices of over 40,000 poor women and men in 50 countries from the World Bank's participatory poverty assessments (Deepa Narayan, Raj Patel, Kai Schafft, Anne Rademacher, and Sarah Koch-Schulte, authors). "Crying Out for Change" pulls together new field work conducted in 1999 in 23 countries (Deepa Narayan, Robert Chambers, Meera Shah, and Patti Petesch, authors). "From Many Lands" offers regional patterns and country case-studies (Deepa Narayan and Patti Petesch, editors). Voices of the Poor marks the first time such an exercise has been undertaken in so many developing countries and transition economies around the world. It provides a unique and detailed picture of the life of the poor and explains the constraints poor people face to escape from poverty in a way that more traditional survey techniques do not capture well. Each of the three volumes demonstrates the importance of voice and power in poor people's definition of poverty. Voices of the Poor concludes that we need to expand our conventional views of poverty which focus on income expenditure, education, and health to include measures of voice and empowerment.
Author: Jonathan Turnbull Phinney
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN: 0875903592
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 251
Get Book Here
Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.
Author: Robert Joumard
Publisher: IFSTTAR/INRETS
ISBN: 9782857825890
Category : Sustainable development
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: T. E. Graedel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780136074250
Category : Product life cycle
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book examines the question of what makes one design environmentally preferable to another. Graedel discusses data and analyzes the streamlined life-cycle assessment process in the context of the goals of a particular process or product. FEATURES Discusses environmental objectives as the basis of life-cycle assessment. Focuses on streamlined LCAs, a technique common in industry today. Includes unique coverage of the assessment of societal infrastructures (Ch. 12). Ends with a hypothetical discussion of what an environmentally perfect product might look like. Includes useful checklists for performing SLCA.
Author: Walter Klöpffer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401786976
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 271
Get Book Here
Book Description
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has become the recognized instrument to assess the ecological burdens and human health impacts connected with the complete life cycle (creation, use, end-of-life) of products, processes and activities, enabling the assessor to model the entire system from which products are derived or in which processes and activities operate. This volume introduces the major new book series LCA Compendium - The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment. In this volume, the main drivers in the development of LCA are explored. The volume also discusses strengths and limitations in LCA as well as challenges and gaps, thus offering an unbiased picture of the state-of-the-art and future of LCA.
Author: Michelle Allsopp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402091168
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Get Book Here
Book Description
The world’s oceans cover 70% of the earth’s surface and are home to a myriad of amazing and beautiful creatures. However, the biodiversity of the oceans is incre- ingly coming under serious threat from many human activities including overfi- ing, use of destructive fishing methods, pollution and commercial aquaculture. In addition, climate change is already having an impact on some marine ecosystems. This book discusses some of the major threats facing marine ecosystems by cons- ering a range of topics, under chapters discussing biodiversity (Chapter 1), fisheries (Chapter 2), aquaculture (Chapter 3), pollution (Chapter 4) and the impacts of increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Chapter 5). It goes on to explore solutions to the problems by discussing equitable and sustainable management of the oceans (Chapter 6) and protecting marine ecosystems using marine reserves (Chapter 7). Presently, 76% of the oceans are fully or over-exploited with respect to fishing, and many species have been severely depleted. It is abundantly clear that, in general, current fisheries management regimes are to blame for much of the widespread degradation of the oceans. Many policy-makers and scientists now agree that we must adopt a radical new approach to managing the seas – one that is precautionary in nature and has protection of the whole marine ecosystem as its primary objective. This ‘ecosystem-based approach’ is vital if we are to ensure the health of our oceans for future generations.
