Molecular Cloning of AP-1 Transcription Factors in Chinese Grass Carp and Their Functional Roles in Pacap-Stimulated Growth Hormone Gene Expression PDF Download
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Author: Yonghua Jiang
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781374674585
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Molecular Cloning of AP-1 Transcription Factors in Chinese Grass Carp and Their Functional Roles in PACAP-stimulated Growth Hormone Gene Expression" by Yonghua, Jiang, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3124541 Subjects: Transcription factors Genetic transcription - Regulation Ctenopharyngodon idella - China - Genetics
Author: Yonghua Jiang
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781374674585
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Molecular Cloning of AP-1 Transcription Factors in Chinese Grass Carp and Their Functional Roles in PACAP-stimulated Growth Hormone Gene Expression" by Yonghua, Jiang, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3124541 Subjects: Transcription factors Genetic transcription - Regulation Ctenopharyngodon idella - China - Genetics
Author: Yonghua Jiang (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ctenopharyngodon idella
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Author: Guodong Fu
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781374674530
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation, "Grass Carp CREB: Molecular Cloning, Regulation of Gene Expression and Functional Implications at the Pituitary Level" by Guodong, Fu, 傅國棟, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled GRASS CARP CREB: MOLECULAR CLONING, REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS AT THE PITUITARY LEVEL Submitted by Fu Guodong for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in January 2007 2+ The transcription factor CREB can be phosphorylated through cAMP- and Ca - dependent signaling cascades to induce target gene transcription. CREB binding to CRE sites present in the growth hormone (GH) promoter represents a key mechanism for cAMP induction of GH gene expression. The previous studies have largely restricted to mammals and very little is known about the implications of CREB gene expression in lower vertebrates. In this study, using grass carp as an animal model, the functional roles and the mechanisms of CREB gene expression in GH regulation were examined at the pituitary level. The structural identity of carp CREB was firstly established by molecular cloning. Carp CREB encoded by a single-copy gene, was widely expressed in various tissues. The newly cloned CREB was functional to bind to the canonical CRE and transactivate the gene promoter containing CRE site(s). In the carp pituitary cells, the possible involvement of CREB in GH expression was tested with treatment of somatostatin (SRIF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). After SRIF stimulation, CREB mRNA expression and protein synthesis were increased with a lagging drop in GH transcript levels. The differential actions of SRIF on CREB and GH gene expression were mediated by inhibiting the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway. Besides, SRIF stimulation or CREB over-expression was effective in suppressing the GH promoter activity via a negative response sequence, -742 to -656 of GH promoter. These results suggest that SRIF may inhibit GH gene transcription via up-regulation of CREB expression by the cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanisms. Regarding IGF treatment, a parallel drop in CREB and GH mRNA levels was noted via activation of 2+ the Ca /CaM/calcineurin pathway. IGF stimulation also attenuated CREB protein and GH primary transcripts in carp somatotrophs. CREB over-expression, interestingly, could stimulate GH promoter activity via downstream of -55 of GH promoter. These findings raise the possibility that IGF may inhibit GH gene expression by reducing the stimulatory input of CREB acting on the proximal region 2+ of GH gene promoter via the Ca /CaM-dependent mechanisms. To further examine the functional interactions between CREB and CRE sites in fish model, we also examined the involvement of CREB in Jun-B gene transcription. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) can induce carp Jun-B gene expression to nullify PACAP stimulation of GH gene expression. In this study, PACAP also stimulated the Jun-B promoter activity. Apparently, this stimulatory effect of PACAP was mediated through the cAMP-dependent mechanisms, CREB phosphorylation, and CREB binding to two non-canonical CRE sites with CGTCA motif in the proximal region of carp Jun-B promoter. These results, taken together, provide evidence that modulation of CREB gene expression and subsequent binding with CRE sites on a target promoter can act as the site of modulation to regulate GH gene expression in the carp species. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3843751 Subjects: Transcription factors Molecular cloning Somatotropin
Author: Sai-Kit Fung
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781374727168
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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This dissertation, "Grass Carp Activin: Molecular Cloning and Functional Role in Regulating Growth Hormone Gene Expression in Grass Carp Pituitary Cells" by Sai-kit, Fung, 馮世傑, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled GRASS CARP ACTIVIN: MOLECULAR CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL ROLE IN REGULATING GROWTH HORMONE GENE EXPRESSION IN GRASS CARP PITUITARY CELLS Submitted by Fung Sai Kit for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2004 Previous studies have shown that activin can regulate growth hormone (GH) release in mammals. However, the role of activin in modulating GH synthesis at the pituitary level is largely unknown. In this study, molecular cloning of two types of activin β subunits, namely activin βA and βB, was conducted in Chinese grass carp and their functional roles in regulating GH gene expression were examined in vitro in primary cultures of grass carp pituitary cells. The full-length cDNAs of grass carp activin βA and βB were isolated by nested PCR coupled to 5'/3' RACE. Both cDNAs contain the coding sequences with the signal peptide, pro-peptide, and mature peptide of activin β subunit. The ORF of these cDNAs, especially in the region of mature peptide, are highly homologous to activin cDNAs reported in other species. Protein modeling also revealed that the 3-D structures of activin βA and βB are highly conserved between the fish and human. To confirm the functionality of these newly cloned cDNAs, functional expression of activin βA and βB was conducted in CHO cells and the conditioned media containing grass carp activin A and B were effective in stimulating the promoter activity of a pAR3-Lux reporter construct through the Mix2 activin-responsive elements. In the grass carp, the transcripts for activin βA and βB are widely expressed in various tissues and the brain areas. At the pituitary level, activin βB was found to be the dominant form and its transcript expression could be detected in gonadotrophs and lactotrophs but not in somatotrophs. Furthermore, treatment of grass carp pituitary cells with human activin A and B resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in steady-state GH mRNA levels. In contrast, removal of endogenous activin using the activin-binding protein follistatin increased GH mRNA expression in a dose-related manner. To test the effects of activin on GH transcript stability, GH mRNA clearance studies was performed in grass carp pituitary cells pretreated with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. In this case, treatment with human activin B rather than activin A enhanced the degradation rate of GH mRNA with a drop in the half-life (T ) of GH transcripts. 1/2 By real-time PCR, activin A and B also reduced the levels of GH primary transcripts in carp pituitary cells, suggesting that GH gene transcription was suppressed during activin treatment. In parallel studies with GH3 cells transfected with a luciferase reporter construct carrying the 5' promoter of grass carp GH gene, activin A and B were both effective in reducing the promoter activity of GH gene and these effects could be mimicked by over-expression of SMAD and SMAD, the downstream 2 3 effectors of activin's actions. Besides, activin inhibition of GH promoter activity could be reverted by over-expression of a dominant negative SMAD . These results, as a whole, indicate that activin is expressed locally in the pituitary of grass carp and functions as a paracrine inhibitor of GH gene expression, presumably via stimulation
Author: Sai-kit Fung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Activin
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Author: Guodong Fu (Ph. D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ctenopharyngodon idella
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Author: Mike Lehane
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401179530
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
Blood-sucking insects are the vectors of many of the most debilitating parasites of man and his domesticated animals. In addition they are of considerable direct cost to the agricultural industry through losses in milk and meat yields, and through damage to hides and wool, etc. So, not surprisingly, many books of medical and veterinary entomology have been written. Most of these texts are organized taxonomically giving the details of the life-cycles, bionomics, relationship to disease and economic importance of each of the insect groups in turn. I have taken a different approach. This book is topic led and aims to discuss the biological themes which are common in the lives of blood-sucking insects. To do this I have concentrated on those aspects of the biology of these fascinating insects which have been clearly modified in some way to suit the blood-sucking habit. For example, I have discussed feeding and digestion in some detail because feeding on blood presents insects with special problems, but I have not discussed respiration because it is not affected in any particular way by haematophagy. Naturally there is a subjective element in the choice of topics for discussion and the weight given to each. I hope that I have not let my enthusiasm for particular subjects get the better of me on too many occasions and that the subject material achieves an overall balance.
Author: Richard D. Granstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540359893
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Much anecdotal information has suggested an influence of psychology and the nervous system on immunity within the skin and the expression of inflammatory skin disorders. Recent years have seen an explosion of knowledge providing a scientific basis for important regulatory interactions between the nervous system, the endocrine system and the immune system within the skin. The results of recent investigations have important implications, not only for an understanding of cutaneous immunity, but also for the development of novel treatments for diseases involving abnormal inflammation or immune reactivity within the skin. This book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary review of the molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and clinical aspects of nervous system–immune system interactions within the skin. It includes contributions from leading world experts in these areas. The contents are relevant to both investigators and clinicians interested in the skin, its functions and its disorders.
Author: Louis S. Premkumar
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1493150022
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
For centuries, there have been claims that healthy food garnished with exotic spices and condiments provides vital nutrients that help ward off diseases, especially preventable diseases such as diabetes and heart disease (hypertension, coronary artery disease) and promote longevity. The purpose of writing this book is to update the public about the health benefits of ingredients (phytochemicals) in spices and healthy food using existing scientific evidence. The ultimate proof of health benefits will be deciphered by the isolation and identification of specific phytochemicals acting on specific receptors in the body exerting their biological effects. The important point being emphasized is that if the physiological effect of an ingredient is glaring, it is considered to elicit a significant response. However, when the effect of an ingredient is significant, yet the effect is not readily perceivable then the usefulness goes unnoticed and can be questioned as a myth. For example, coffee has several ingredients, but only caffeine acting on the adenosine receptors stimulates the central nervous system and promotes wakefulness. Similarly, the specific active ingredient in hot chili pepper, capsaicin, activates a member of a recently identified family of receptors called transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which is involved in certain modalities of pain, promotes the release of hormones in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although, the bioavailability of the active ingredients is low, it is important to realize that these ingredients can cause significant local effects in the GI tract by preventing cholesterol regeneration by subduing microbiota, inhibiting precancerous growth by promoting calcium influx and stimulating nerve endings to transmit information and to release of gut hormones that are involved in regulating a variety of functions including appetite and satiety.
Author: Rochelle Buffenstein
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030659437
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
This volume focuses on the huge advances in the last 25 years on the use of this animal model for biomedical research (cancer, heart disease and neurodegeneration), fundamental neuroscience and basic subterranean biology. In 2013, Science magazine named the naked mole-rat as the Vertebrate of the Year. This was partly due to research carried out documenting its extreme longevity, negligible senescence, and prolonged maintenance of cancer free, good health well into old age as well as seminal work on mechanisms involved in these processes, pain and hypoxia resistance. In addition to this research focus on longevity and chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, the naked mole-rat has also made a substantial contribution to the fields of ecophysiology, neuroscience and behavior. With international contributions, this book provides a valuable text for zoological students, behavioral scientists and biomedical researchers.
