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Author: Andrew P. Hendry
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401005850
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
From guppies to Galapagos finches and from adaptive landscapes to haldanes, this compilation of contributed works provides reviews, perspectives, theoretical models, statistical developments, and empirical demonstrations exploring the tempo and mode of microevolution on contemporary to geological time scales. New developments, and reviews, of classic and novel empirical systems demonstrate the strength and diversity of evolutionary processes producing biodiversity within species. Perspectives and theoretical insights expand these empirical observations to explore patterns and mechanisms of microevolution, methods for its quantification, and implications for the evolution of biodiversity on other scales. This diverse assemblage of manuscripts is aimed at professionals, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates who desire a timely synthesis of current knowledge, an illustration of exciting new directions, and a springboard for future investigations in the study of microevolution in the wild.
Author: Andrew P. Hendry
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401005850
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
From guppies to Galapagos finches and from adaptive landscapes to haldanes, this compilation of contributed works provides reviews, perspectives, theoretical models, statistical developments, and empirical demonstrations exploring the tempo and mode of microevolution on contemporary to geological time scales. New developments, and reviews, of classic and novel empirical systems demonstrate the strength and diversity of evolutionary processes producing biodiversity within species. Perspectives and theoretical insights expand these empirical observations to explore patterns and mechanisms of microevolution, methods for its quantification, and implications for the evolution of biodiversity on other scales. This diverse assemblage of manuscripts is aimed at professionals, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates who desire a timely synthesis of current knowledge, an illustration of exciting new directions, and a springboard for future investigations in the study of microevolution in the wild.
Author: Olivier Gascuel
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199208220
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
Evolution is a complex process, acting at multiple scales, from DNA sequences and proteins to populations of species. Understanding and reconstructing evolution is of major importance in numerous subfields of biology. For example, phylogenetics and sequence evolution is central to comparative genomics, attempts to decipher genomes, and molecular epidemiology. Phylogenetics is also the focal point of large-scale international biodiversity assessment initiatives such as the 'Tree ofLife' project, which aims to build the evolutionary tree for all extant species.Since the pioneering work in phylogenetics in the 1960s, models have become increasingly sophisticated to account for the inherent complexity of evolution. They rely heavily on mathematics and aim at modelling and analyzing biological phenomena such as horizontal gene transfer, heterogeneity of mutation, and speciation and extinction processes. This book presents these recent models, their biological relevance, their mathematical basis, their properties, and the algorithms to infer them fromdata. A number of subfields from mathematics and computer science are involved: combinatorics, graph theory, stringology, probabilistic and Markov models, information theory, statistical inference, Monte Carlo methods, continuous and discrete algorithmics.This book arises from the Mathematics of Evolution & Phylogenetics meeting at the Mathematical Institute Henri Poincaré, Paris, in June 2005 and is based on the outstanding state-of-the-art reports presented by the conference speakers. Ten chapters - based around five themes - provide a detailed overview of key topics, from the underlying concepts to the latest results, some of which are at the forefront of current research.
Author: Hervé Tettelin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030382818
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.
Author: Laura Nuno de la Rosa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783319330389
Category : Biology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: for the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309552672
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Since George Gaylord Simpson published Tempo and Mode in Evolution in 1944, discoveries in paleontology and genetics have abounded. This volume brings together the findings and insights of today's leading experts in the study of evolution, including Ayala, W. Ford Doolittle, and Stephen Jay Gould. The volume examines early cellular evolution, explores changes in the tempo of evolution between the Precambrian and Phanerozoic periods, and reconstructs the Cambrian evolutionary burst. Long-neglected despite Darwin's interest in it, species extinction is discussed in detail. Although the absence of data kept Simpson from exploring human evolution in his book, the current volume covers morphological and genetic changes in human populations, contradicting the popular claim that all modern humans descend from a single woman. This book discusses the role of molecular clocks, the results of evolution in 12 populations of Escherichia coli propagated for 10,000 generations, a physical map of Drosophila chromosomes, and evidence for "hitchhiking" by mutations.
Author: Philip D. Gingerich
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107167248
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
An overview of evolutionary rates, analyzing data from laboratory, field and fossil record studies to extract their underlying generation-to-generation rates.
Author: Francisco J. Ayala
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781444314939
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
This collection of specially commissioned essays puts top scholarshead to head to debate the central issues in the lively and fastgrowing field of philosophy of biology Brings together original essays on ten of the most hotlydebated questions in philosophy of biology Lively head-to-head debate format sharply defines the issuesand paves the way for further discussion Includes coverage of the new and vital area of evolutionarydevelopmental biology, as well as the concept of a unified species,the role of genes in selection, the differences between micro- andmacro-evolution, and much more Each section features an introduction to the topic as well assuggestions for further reading Offers an accessible overview of this fast-growing and dynamicfield, whilst also capturing the imagination of professionalphilosophers and biologists
Author: Kostas Kampourakis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107034914
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
Bringing together conceptual obstacles and core concepts of evolutionary theory, this book presents evolution as straightforward and intuitive.
Author: Richard Goldschmidt
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 9780300028232
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
An eminent geneticist examines the Darwinian theory of evolution, analyzes the hereditary differences that produce new species, and suggests changes in evolutionary theory based on his biological research
Author: Josef C. Uyeda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body size
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Whether microevolutionary processes can explain macroevolutionary patterns has long been a matter of contentious debate. The debate has persisted largely because of the challenging task of connecting microevolutionary theory, which examines population-level phenomena on the generation scale, to data collected across larger spatial and temporal scales. My dissertation research broadly examines phenotypic evolution across multiple scales by connecting microevolutionary theory to macroevolutionary phenomena such as speciation and large-scale phenotypic change. In particular, I focus on the so-called "paradox of stasis"; which wrestles with the apparent conflict between frequently-observed cases of rapid evolution on short timescales and the frequent appearance of stasis in the fossil record. I attempt to link micro and macroevolution by using the theoretical framework of evolutionary quantitative genetics for modeling the effects of drift and selection. My four dissertation chapters examine four different systems (1) connecting quantitative genetic models of sexual selection to speciation (2) connecting microevolutionary and macroevolutionary body size data across scales of time (3) using phylogenetic comparative methods and quantitative genetic models to examine the evolution of a classic example of stasis, mammalian body temperature and (4) finally, using multi-locus phylogeography to understand the evolutionary processes that contribute to the diversification of a widespread snake across broad spatial scales. In chapter 2, I demonstrate that genetic drift combined with sexual selection can promotes speciation and diversification of male ornaments. Furthermore, I demonstrate that drift promotes the evolution of elaborate ornaments even when preferences are costly. In chapter 3, I combine data from microevolutionary field studies, the fossil record, and phylogenetic comparative data into a single analytical framework to resolve apparent conflicts between micro and macroevolutionary patterns. To do so, I compiled and analyzed the largest database of phenotypic divergence data in existence. I demonstrate that patterns of stasis persist until a million-year threshold, after which divergence begins to accumulate in a time-dependent manner. This pattern is best fit with a hierarchical model that describes evolution as occurring in bursts on the million-year timescale, but that allows for rapid, but bounded, evolution on short timescales. In chapter 4, I demonstrate that mammalian body temperature -- which has been previously presented as a classic example of stasis -- does in fact evolve extensively across the mammalian radiation (albeit slowly). Furthermore, I show that mammalian body temperature evolves in response to changing environmental conditions. Finally, I evaluate the role that genetic constraints play in the apparent slowness of body temperature evolution. In chapter 5, I examine a well-studied empirical system of garter snakes in which a strong signature of stabilizing selection has been found for phenotypic traits. Using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci, I show that introgression is rampant between species, and dynamic patterns of range expansion, contraction, and introgression among clades have led to a complex pattern of genetic variation. This structure of genetic variation underscores the need to examine range-wide processes for generating phenotypic divergence across clades. Overall, these chapters suggest that apparent disconnects between microevolutionary processes and macroevolutionary patterns could be explained by the scaling of population-level theory over large spatial and temporal scales.
