Mechanical and Chemical Signaling in Angiogenesis PDF Download
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Author: Cynthia Reinhart-King
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642308554
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
A worthy addition to Springer’s series of Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, this volume focuses on the latest techniques, with contributions from angiogenesis experts in engineering, cell and developmental biology, and chemistry.
Author: Cynthia Reinhart-King
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642308554
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
A worthy addition to Springer’s series of Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, this volume focuses on the latest techniques, with contributions from angiogenesis experts in engineering, cell and developmental biology, and chemistry.
Author: Cynthia A Reinhart-King
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642308562
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
This volume describes and discusses recent advances in angiogenesis research. The chapters are organized to address all biological length scales of angiogenesis: molecular, cellular and tissue in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Specific emphasis is given to novel methodologies and biomaterials that have been developed and applied to angiogenesis research. Angiogenesis experts from diverse fields including engineering, cell and developmental biology, chemistry and physics will be invited to contribute chapters which focus on the mechanical and chemical signals which affect and promote angiogenesis.
Author: Jie Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Abstract: Endothelial cells are mechano-sensitive cells and can perceive and respond to the biophysical changes in their microenvironment. However the molecular basis of the mechanisms by which endothelial cells perceive mechanical signals and relay them intracellularly to regulate gene expression remain unclear. It was our hypothesis that, signals generated by dynamic mechanical strain control human microvascular endothelial cell functions with high fidelity and spatial precision to regulate cell cycle progression and proliferation to promote angiogenesis in health and in disease. Our in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate that mechanoactivation of human endothelial cells results in (i) transcriptome wide upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis and tissue repair, (ii) activation of signaling cascades initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and integrin linked kinase, (iii) activation of Akt signaling cascade via phosphotidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent Ser473-Akt phosphorylation and subsequent activation of signaling events which augment cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, (v) activation of ERK1/2 signaling cascade to promote angiogenesis (vi) suppression of IL-1[beta]-induced proinflammatory gene transcription to support increased endothelial cell survival and cell proliferation, and (vii) persistence of pro-angiogenic effects of mechanical signals in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. More importantly, the upregulation of angiogenesis by mechanical forces appears to play an important role in the increased induction of angiogenesis and more rapid wound resolution in vivo. The findings provide the molecular and biophysical basis by which mechanical forces, signaling molecules and transcription factors interplay to control cell growth and tissue organization. Furthermore, the findings provide the first evidence for the potential of mechanical signals in controlling tissue morphogenesis and open up new therapeutic options for wound healing and other angiogenesis dependent diseases.
Author: Siavash Ghaffari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ to form during embryonic development. Blood flow provides mechanical and chemical signals that are required for proper vascular development. The vasculature adapts to the onset of blood flow in part by forming new blood vessels through a process called angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is not limited to embryonic development, but also occurs after ischemic injuries, during wound healing as well as during tumour growth in cancers. A basic understanding of angiogenesis and the physiological cues that regulate the process is therefore an important therapeutic target for diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Angiogenesis also has application in regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering to provide nutrient transport to tissue. Blood flow provides biomechanical stimuli by exerting forces on the surrounding tissue including a tangential force on the luminal surface of the endothelium, called shear stress. Additionally, interstitial flow exiting or entering the vessel walls produces physical forces normal to the endothelium. Angiogenesis is known to be controlled by a range of signals, but the role of blood flow and biomechanical signals are not well understood. One of the greatest difficulties in studying the interplay of flow dynamics and vascular remodelling is that few tools are available to analyse flow dynamics in real time in vivo. Therefore, the initial objective of this thesis was to develop a method to concurrently visualise vascular remodelling and blood flow dynamics. We used an avian embryonic model and injected an endothelial-specific dye, to image the vasculature, and fluorescent microspheres, to track fluid motion. Microsphere motion was analysed via an optical technique called micro-particle image velocimetry ([mu]PIV). μPIV measurements are associated with large errors in complex geometry such as vessel branch points. As a result, we limited [mu]PIV measurements to straight segments and applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain the blood velocity in all other locations in the region of interest. The CFD analysis also allowed us to calculate other hemodynamic parameters such as the pressure, the vorticity and the shear stress. We then used our technique to investigate the role that hemodynamic signalling plays in angiogenic sprouting. We found that flow dynamics mediates the location of sprout initiation, direction of sprout elongation, and the rate of sprout elongation during vascular development. Using the developed method and obtained parameters, we demonstrated that sprout location can be predicted based on flow dynamics. Moreover, the rate of sprout elongation is proportional to the pressure difference across the interstitium. Our results suggested that cues from the flow dynamics are important mediators of vascular homeostasis and morphogenesis. In the last part of this work, we extended our technique to model interstitial flow passing through the porous matrix of the mesenchymal tissue. We modelled how VEGF transport within the tissue is altered by the presence of interstitial flow. This allowed us to simultaneously study the real-time interaction of luminal and transmural shear stress, interstitial flow, and VEGF distribution in angiogenesis. Interstitial flow strongly regulates the distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within the tissue. We found that interstitial flow created regions of high VEGF in the location of sprouting, but did not alone indicate the exact sprouting location. We also showed that the sprout elongated against the direction of interstitial flow, and that a strong relationship was present between the elongation rate and the interstitial flow rate. Our results underscore the interplay between hemodynamics and VEGF distribution that regulates the development of vascular network to meet its many functional demands." --
Author: Adam Scott Zeiger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
The ability to characterize and control cellular responses in vitro has far reaching implications for basic science and applied medical research. For well over 125 years, researchers have studied the behavior of biological cells under in vitro conditions where rigid glass or plastic Petri dishes and defined media in the laboratory replace the compliant solids and crowded fluids of the human body in vivo. While these tools have enabled several important advances in understanding cell functions and pathological mechanisms, the behavior of tissue cells in vitro can differ remarkably from those observed in in vivo tissue microenvironments. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that there is a close coupling between the chemical and mechanical microenvironments of the cell (i.e., the chemomechanical niche). Therefore, the biochemical reactions and conditions responsible for generating mechanical stresses and attendant cell behaviors may not be well represented in typical in vitro assays. In several key respects, particularly in terms of cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and phenotypic metabolism, in vitro assays often misrepresent the major characteristics of these behaviors in vivo. Most physiological processes are defined in part by mechanical force, mechanical microenvironment, and chemical stimuli (e.g., in angiogenesis or regulation of stern cell differentation), and therefore require an updated methodology to studying cellular mechanics and behavior. This thesis aims to address the molecular- to cellular-level chemical and mechanical environments that modulate cell function in vivo at the cell-cell and cell-matrix interfaces, while aiming to more accurately reproduce these cell responses in vitro. The experiments and analyses described in this work investigate two key questions at the heart of angiogenesis. First, how does the protein dense nature of tissue nicroenvironments affect extracellular matrix organization and, in turn, direct cell-matrix guided functions and cytoskeletal organization? This will be addressed by the addition of inert crowders which artificially enhance the effective concentration of relevant macromolecules and proteins in vitro. Second, how do the mechanically couplings and biochemical signals between adjacent, dissimilar cell types in the microvasculature coordinate and guide angiogenesis? Multiple types of deformable substrata will be used to investigate the mechanical strain and soluble growth factors generated by perivascular cells and the response of microvascular endothelial cells to those cues. This includes the development of a novel uniaxial strain-generating device and tissue culture surfaces for endothelial cells. Atomic force microscopy enabled imaging and nanoindentation, mechanically and chemically defined substrata, immunocyto-chemistry, and novel quanitification and analysis techniques are used concomitantly to answer these questions. Ultimately, this thesis aims to close the gap between in vitro cell culture and in vivo cell physiology, especially in directing and characterizing chemomechanical cues implicated in angiogenesis, and to inform the design of future experiments and microenvironments with non-dilute culture media and deformable substrata.
Author: Cheng Dong
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319952943
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128137002
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1436
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Book Description
Encyclopedia of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Three Volume Set provides a comprehensive collection of personal overviews on the latest developments and likely future directions in the field. By providing concise expositions on a broad range of topics, this encyclopedia is an excellent resource. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are relatively new fields still in their early stages of development, yet they already show great promise. This encyclopedia brings together foundational content and hot topics in both disciplines into a comprehensive resource, allowing deeper interdisciplinary research and conclusions to be drawn from two increasingly connected areas of biomedicine. Provides a ‘one-stop’ resource for access to information written by world-leading scholars in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Contains multimedia features, including hyperlinked references and further readings, cross-references and diagrams/images Represents the most comprehensive and exhaustive product on the market on the topic
Author: Robert Fitridge
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
ISBN: 1922064009
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 589
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Book Description
New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
