Measurement and Management of Nitrogen Losses for Groundwater Protection in Agricultural Production Systems PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780642206244
Category : Nitrogen in agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780642206244
Category : Nitrogen in agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 87
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ronald F Follett
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444599398
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Supplying crops with adequate nitrogen is vital to ensuring food supplies. Once nitrogen is added to the soil, it is subject to chemical transformations of the nitrogen-cycle including transformation to nitrate. Excessive amounts of accumulated nitrate may then leach out of the soil and could potentially enter and contaminate drinking water supplies. The purpose of this book is to examine the subject of nitrogen management and ground water protection. The issue of maintaining ground water quality is addressed primarily from an agronomic point of view. Topics covered include: health and economic aspects of nitrate in drinking water; nitrate sources; ground water nitrate in the USA and other developed countries; transport, leaching and accounting for nitrogen; soil, nitrogen, crop and water management; and nitrate in aquifer systems. The book contains a keyword index and is organized into thirteen chapters, each with appropriate references, tables and figures. Chapter authors are among the leading experts on the subject of nitrate and ground water quality. Readers to whom the book is directed include soil scientists and agronomists, agricultural engineers (irrigation and drainage), environmental scientists, agricultural policy makers, and hydrologists.
Author: R.F. Follett
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 0080537561
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 539
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Book Description
Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264186212
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
Provides comprehensive data and analysis on the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries since 1990, covering soil, water, air and biodiversity and looking at recent policy developments in all 34 countries.
Author: Bradley M. Crowder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Arvin Mosier
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 1597267430
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.
Author: Christine M.F. Miller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781658413411
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Sustainable forage farming systems must precisely match nitrogen (N) applications to crop needs to minimize environmental N losses and meet crop yield goals. Successfully executing N management plans is especially challenging in manure fertilized cropping systems because manure is highly variable and contains a large proportion of organic N. To reduce N leaching to groundwater, California dairy farmers must limit the ratio of N applied to N removed from cropland (N Ratio) to 1.4. Farmers quantify their N application rates by sampling and analyzing the N concentration of their manures, and by measuring the weight or volume of manure when it is applied. This dissertation quantifies the extent and impacts of uncertainty in N application and removal measurements in manure based forage cropping systems. These measurements must be accurate enough to identify N Ratios that will support crop yields while preventing excess N leaching to groundwater. The validity of the data collected by dairy farmers to quantify their N application and removal rates was investigated using mass balance analysis in Chapter 2. First, the N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) excreted by cattle on 62 facilities was modeled and compared with the amount of nutrients recovered in manures exported off-farm or applied to cropland. Less N and P were recovered than expected given possible volatile losses during storage. Second, reported N Ratios were compared with N Ratios that simulated unavoidable environmental losses over three cropping years. Analyses showed that reported N application rates were too low to maintain reported crop yields. Overall, reported data was not consistent with mass balance analysis indicating substantial inaccuracies in measurements of N application and removal. The uncertainty in farmer measurements of the N removed in harvested forage and the N concentration of solid manure was quantified in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively. The N harvested from 9 forage fields and the N concentration of 10 solid manure piles to was intensively measured to estimate the 'true' value. Resampling simulations were used to assess the accuracy of less intensive measurement protocols relative to the 'true' value. Measurements of N removed in harvested forage were accurate within ±5% if every truckload of forage was weighed and 10 grab samples were composited for nutrient analysis. Measurements of N concentration of solid manure were accurate within ±10% if 10 grab samples were composited for nutrient analysis and 70% of samples were collected from greater than 40 cm into the manure pile. The uncertainty of total N application, N Ratios, and groundwater nitrate leaching rates was quantified in Chapter 5. A stochastic model of total N application was built using Monte Carlo methods to propagate the uncertainty from underlying measurements. The stochastic N application model was used to vary the N applications of two representative forage fields around farmer reported values for 5 years. The N Ratios and groundwater nitrate loading rates were simulated for the stochastic N application scenarios using HYDRUS 1D water and solute transport model and compared to monitoring well measurements. Results suggested that reducing uncertainty in process wastewater measurements is required to meaningfully judge the effectiveness of N Ratio limitations and reduce N losses to groundwater. Greater measurement accuracy of manure N application is required before nitrate leaching to groundwater can be further reduced. This dissertation provides many practical suggestions for efficiently improving the accuracy of N application and removal measurements in manure based cropping systems. Measurements that quantify N application must be accurate enough to identify and execute suggested management improvements before we will be able to reliably reduce environmental N losses.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: James Stuart Schepers
Publisher: ASA-CSSA-SSSA
ISBN: 9780891181644
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 994
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Book Description
Review of the principles and management implications related to nitrogen in the soil-plant-water system.
Author: Y. P. Abrol
Publisher: I. K. International Pvt Ltd
ISBN: 8189866338
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 553
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Book Description
Nitrogen fertilizers are the inescapable necessity to enhance agricultural production and to sustain food security. However, their inefficient use accrues from inherent limitations of the crop plants as well as the manner in which N fertilizers are formulated, applied and managed. Excessive accumulation of N in the environment leads to soil acidification, pollution of groundwater and eutrophication of surface water, posing a public health problem as well as ecosystem imbalance. Moreover, the ozone layer depletion and greenhouse effects of NOx gases have global implications. Agricultural Nitrogen Use: Environmental Implications provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of problems related to the efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture, in the overall context of the nitrogen cycle, its environmental and human health implications, as well as various approaches to improve N use efficiency. The book is presented in six sections: N Use, Flows and Cycling in Agricultural Systems; N Use Efficiency in Crop Ecosystems; Management Options and Strategies for Enhancing N Use Efficiency; Plant Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Enhancing N Use Efficiency; Role of Legumes and Biofertilizers in Agricultural N Economy; and Environmental and Human Health Implications.
