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Author: Usama Al-Atar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystallization
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stones are the most common type of renal calculi. COM kidney stones are shown using polarized optical microscopy (POM) to develop by following a combined mechanism of direct crystal growth from a nidus, and by adsorption of preformed crystals. POM, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate that stones grow in layers consisting of COM crystals amalgamated with unidentified, optically inactive material. The stones have an intrinsic, non-water permeable core covered with a developing, crystalline COM, water permeable shell. These data provide insight into COM's variable response to shock wave lithotripsy, the most common surgical treatment. Elmiron® is a commercial drug for the treatment of interstitial cystitis with the active ingredient being pentosan polysulfate (PPS), which is an anionic polysaccharide. Pentosan polysulfate was extracted from Elmiron® and its effects on COM crystal nucleation and growth were examined using a particle size analyzer (PSA), XRD and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. PSA data suggest that PPS may exhibit an effect at decreasing the crystal size of calcium oxalate particles, but due to statistical variability, the results are inconclusive. SEM images show that PPS favours the formation of COM's pseudopolymorph, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), and it decreased crystal aggregation. The effects of PPS may be due to an interaction between its sulfate groups and calcium oxalate as demonstrated by IR spectroscopy.
Author: Usama Al-Atar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystallization
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stones are the most common type of renal calculi. COM kidney stones are shown using polarized optical microscopy (POM) to develop by following a combined mechanism of direct crystal growth from a nidus, and by adsorption of preformed crystals. POM, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate that stones grow in layers consisting of COM crystals amalgamated with unidentified, optically inactive material. The stones have an intrinsic, non-water permeable core covered with a developing, crystalline COM, water permeable shell. These data provide insight into COM's variable response to shock wave lithotripsy, the most common surgical treatment. Elmiron® is a commercial drug for the treatment of interstitial cystitis with the active ingredient being pentosan polysulfate (PPS), which is an anionic polysaccharide. Pentosan polysulfate was extracted from Elmiron® and its effects on COM crystal nucleation and growth were examined using a particle size analyzer (PSA), XRD and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. PSA data suggest that PPS may exhibit an effect at decreasing the crystal size of calcium oxalate particles, but due to statistical variability, the results are inconclusive. SEM images show that PPS favours the formation of COM's pseudopolymorph, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), and it decreased crystal aggregation. The effects of PPS may be due to an interaction between its sulfate groups and calcium oxalate as demonstrated by IR spectroscopy.
Author: Khalid Sultan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352783883X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Practical Guide to Materials Characterization Practice-oriented resource providing a hands-on overview of the most relevant materials characterization techniques in chemistry, physics, engineering, and more Practical Guide to Materials Characterization focuses on the most widely used experimental approaches for structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterization of materials, providing background, insights on the correct usage of the respective techniques, and the interpretation of the results. With a focus on practical applications, the work illustrates what to use and when, including real-life examples showing which characterization techniques are best suited for particular purposes. Furthermore, the work covers the practical elements of the analytical techniques used to characterize a wide range of functional materials (both in bulk as well as thin film form) in a simple but thorough manner. To aid in reader comprehension, Practical Guide to Materials Characterization is divided into eight distinct chapters. To set the stage, the first chapter of the book reviews the fundamentals of materials characterization that are necessary to understand and use the methods presented in the ensuing chapters. Among the techniques covered are X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, electron microscopies, magnetic measurement techniques, infrared spectroscopy, and dielectric measurements. Specific sample topics covered in the remaining seven chapters include: Bragg’s Law, the Von Laue Treatment, Laue’s Equation, the Rotating Crystal Method, the Powder Method, orientation of single crystals, and structure of polycrystalline aggregates Classical theory of Raman scattering, quantum theory of Raman spectroscopy, high-pressure Raman spectroscopy, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy Basic principles of XAS, energy referencing, XPS spectra and its features, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), and interaction of electrons with matter Magnetization measuring instruments, the SQUID magnetometer, and the advantages and disadvantages of vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) With comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the subject, Practical Guide to Materials Characterization is a key resource for practicing professionals who wish to better understand key concepts in the field and seamlessly harness them in a myriad of applications across many different industries.
Author: Mayur Danny Indulal Gohel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conferences held
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
Author: R. Bais
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146152556X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 777
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Book Description
The first International Symposium on Urolithiasis Research was held in Leeds, England, in 1968. The meeting was the first in what was to become a series of symposia intended to gather together a diverse group of biochemists and physicians, urologists and engineers, with a common interest in factors affecting the formation of human urinary stones. Since its inception the series has threaded a peripatetic course back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean, from Madrid in Spain, to Davos in Switzerland, to Williamsburg in the USA, to Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany and Vancouver in Canada, under the guardianship of Drs Nordin, Cifuentes Delatte, Fleisch, Smith, Schwille, Dirks and Sutton, and their colleagues. In 1992, for the first time, the meeting moved to the southern hemisphere, to Cairns in Northeastern Australia. Unlike most previous symposia, there were no invited papers. Instead, the submitted abstracts were allowed to dictate the content of the meeting so that the conference programme would reflect the flavour of current research in the field. To achieve this, all abstracts were graded anonymously by three referees to determine their categorization as oral, theme poster, or general poster presentations. The 300 or so accepted absracts were then allocated to seven plenary sessions, nine theme poster discus sion groups and three large general poster sessions.
Author: Anne-Sophie Widede Bouridah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
ABSTRACT: Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is one the most common inorganic components found in kidney and urinary tract stones. Stones are found attached to the tip of renal papilla, through adhesive contacts. In vitro studies suggested that anionic molecules such as phospholipids may serve as adhesives that promote calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals attachment to epithelial cells. Ellipsometry and SPR enhanced ellipsometry are nonperturbative and quantitative methods and allow large-area measurements of small optical changes. In this study these methods are used to characterize the crystal-lipid interactions. Using imaging ellipsometry and kinetic analysis, the formation of phospholipid monolayer and bilayers is observed, surface coverage, lateral uniformity and film thickness are characterized. Real-time measurements by ellipsometry and SPR enhanced ellipsometry allowed the interaction of COM crystals with different phospholipid to be characterized, and demonstrate the adhesion of COM crystals on POPC while DMPC is not subjected to such phenomenon.
Author: Paige Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Calcium oxalate
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Saeed R. Khan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849376733
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Written by leaders in their fields, Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems comprehensively discusses current information about the importance of this compound in animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. Both in vivo and in vitro methods of crystallization as well as crystallization systems are discussed. Researchers who pioneered the field contribute their invaluable knowledge for the first time about oxalate bacteria and their importance. This is an essential reference for both plant and animal scientists concerned with human and animal kidney disease.
Author: Dennis J. Chew
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1437723594
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
The prevalence of urinary tract diseases and disorders in small animal practice is higher than ever. The 2nd edition of Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology makes it easy to find the information you need to accurately diagnose and manage diseases and disorders of the urinary tract in dogs and cats. Its concise outline format features practical clinical content, line drawings that clearly illustrate the initiation and progression of disease, photographs that demonstrate the clinical appearance of various lesions, and tables and boxes that offer essential information at a glance. Expert authors Dennis J. Chew, Stephen P. DiBartola, and Patricia Schenck keep you current with revised and brand-new content based upon the latest studies and evidence-based medicine, helping you prevent and most effectively manage kidney, bladder, and related conditions. Outline format with concise, clinically focused content helps you quickly and easily find the information you need to accurately diagnose and effectively manage urinary tract diseases and disorders. Practical clinical tips and guidelines including algorithms, FAQs, and case management recommendations. Special boxes highlight key information at a glance. Concise, need-to-know information about renal and lower urinary tract pathophysiology provides essential background for clinical application. Evidence-based coverage of hot topics such as the relationship between behavioral stressors and urinary tract disease, treatments for idiopathic cystitis, and dietary modifications for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract problems helps you provide the latest and best care for your patients.
Author: Ellis D. Avner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540763279
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2059
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Book Description
Here is an extensive update of Pediatric Nephrology, which has become the standard reference text in the field. It is global in perspective and reflects the international group of editors, who are well-recognized experts in pediatric nephrology. Within this text, the development of kidney structure and function is followed by detailed and comprehensive chapters on all childhood kidney diseases.
Author: M. Akimoto
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431685170
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Urolithiasis is not only one of the most frequently encountered diseases at uro logical clinics; it is also the disorder whose treatment has shown the most rapid progress in the past decade. In that period, medicine has experienced a real revolution, characterized by minimally invasive treatments, improvement of the quality of life, and cost-effectiveness in treatment outcomes. In urology, the revolution started with the development of endoscopic retrograde treatment of urolithiasis in the upper urinary tract, which led to development of the percuta neous antegrade maneuver in the latter half of the 1970s. The most remarkable event occurred in 1982, when clinical use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was introduced by the Munich group, represented by Dr. Christian Chaussy, at the 18th Congress of the International Society of Urology in San Francisco. With the advent of these new strategies, open surgery for urolithiasis has all but dis appeared. Today, with the availability of new technology and equipment, guide lines for the treatment of urolithiasis have changed in all developed countries. It is quite timely that the Meeting of International Consultation on Urolithiasis will be held in Paris in June 2001 to establish international guidelines for urolithiasis. Looking through this textbook for urolithiasis, I was greatly impressed to learn that we have already drawn up some guidelines. The book includes all the updated advances of urolithiasis presented by the most prominent and experi enced urologists from all around the world.
