Mass Transfer Characteristics of a Tower Filled with Random and Structured Packings from an Air Stripper Study of the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Groundwater PDF Download
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Author: Andrew James Lucero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Author: Andrew James Lucero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Author: Barbara Pressman Eckstrom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Author: J. M. Gosset
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Design of packed-tower air-stripping systems for the removal of volatile contaminants from groundwaters requires knowledge of the equilibrium constant relating air and water concentrations (Henry's constant, H), and the applicable mass transfer coefficient (K sub 1a). The objectives of this research were: to evaluate the effects of temperature, ionic strength, and the mutual presence of other organics on the H-values of five volatile compounds of concern to the USAP; and to investigate the effects of temperature, packing size and type, liquid and air loadings, and the mutual presence of other organics on the K sub 1a values of these five compounds--tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform, and methylene chloride. An innovative method for measuring Henry's constants was proposed and evaluated, termed Equilibrium Partitioning In Closed Systems (EPICS). This method relies upon measurement of the ratio of headspace concentrations from two equilibrated bottles containing equal solute masses, but possessing differing liquid volumes. H-values for the five compounds were measured over temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 C using both EPICS and batch, diffused-bubble stripping techniques. Temperature regressions for H were derived. Comparison between methods suggests that EPICS is as precise as the batch-stripping technique, and is probably more accurate, being free of mass transfer limitations. Liquid-phase diffusivity values were measured for the five study compounds at 20 C using a diaphragm diffusion cell.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Lawrence K. Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1597450294
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 697
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Book Description
The past thirty years have witnessed a growing worldwide desire that po- tive actions be taken to restore and protect the environment from the degr- ing effects of all forms of pollution—air, water, soil, and noise. Because pollution is a direct or indirect consequence of waste, the seemingly idealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero waste. However, as long as waste continues to exist, we can only attempt to abate the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been id- tified: (1) How serious is the pollution? (2) Is the technology to abate it ava- able? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify the degree of abatement achieved? This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is to help readers f- mulate answers to the last two questions above. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of en- ronmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establi- ment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, the realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken.
Author: Chao Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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The effective mass transfer area (a [subscript e]), liquid film mass transfer coefficient (k [subscript L]), and gas film mass transfer coefficient (k [subscript G]) of eleven structured packings and three random packings were measured consistently in a 0.428 m packed column. Absorption of CO2 with 0.1 gmol/L NaOH with 3.05 m packing was used to measure a [subscript e], while air stripping of toluene from water with 1.83 m packing was used to measure k [subscript L], and absorption of SO2 with 0.1 gmol/L NaOH with 0.51 m packing was used to measure k [subscript G]. The experiments were conducted with liquid load changing from 2.5 to 75 m3/(m2*h) and gas flow rate from 0.6 to 2.3 m/s. Packings with surface area from 125 to 500 m2/m3 and corrugation angle from 45 to 70 degree were tested to explore the effect of packing geometries on mass transfer. The effective area increases with packing surface area and liquid flow rate, and is independent of gas velocity. The packing corrugation angle has an insignificant effect on mass transfer area. The ratio of effective area to surface area decreases as surface area increases due to the limit of packing wettability. A correlation has been developed to predict the mass transfer area with an average deviation of 11%. [Mathematical equation]. The liquid film mass transfer coefficient is only a function of liquid velocity with a power of 0.74, while the gas film mass transfer coefficient is only a function of gas velocity with a power of 0.58. Both k [subscript L] and k [subscript G] increase with packing surface area, and decrease with corrugation angle. A new concept, Mixing Point Density, was introduced to account for effect of the packing geometry on k[subscript L] and k [subscript G]. Mixing Point Density represents the frequency at which liquid film is refreshed and gas is mixed. The mixing point density can be calculated by either packing characteristic length or by surface area and corrugation angle: [mathematical equation]. The dimensionless k [subscript L] and k [subscript G] models can then be developed based on the effects of liquid/gas velocity, mixing point density, packing surface area: [mathematical equation] [mathematical equation]. Mi is the dimensionless form of Mixing Point Density (M), which is M divided by a [subscript P]3. Because Mi is only a function of corrugation angle ([Theta]), it is a convenient transformation to represent the effect of [Theta] on mass transfer parameters. An economic analysis of the absorber was conducted for a 250 MW coal-fired power plant. The optimum operating condition is between 50 to 80 % of flooding, and the optimum design is to use packing with 200 to 250 m2/m3 surface area and high corrugation angle (60 to 70 degree). The minimum total cost ranges from $4.04 to $5.83 per tonne CO2 removed with 8 m PZ.
Author: American Public Health Association
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1254
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Author: Arun R. Gavaskar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Because of the limitations of conventional pump-and-treat systems in treating groundwater contaminants, permeable barriers are potentially more cost-effective than pump-and-treat systems for treating dissolved chlorinated solvent plumes, which may persist in the saturated zone for several decades. Other contaminants, such as chromium or other soluble heavy metals, can also be treated with this technology. Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation discusses the types of permeable barriers, their design and construction, and how they can be monitored to evaluate compliance. It provides practical guidance on reactive media selection, treatability testing, hydrogeologic and geochemical modeling, and innovative installation techniques for the evaluation and application of this promising new technology. The types of permeable barriers discussed include: trench-type and caisson-based reactive cells; innovative emplacements, such as horizontal trenching and jetting; and continuous reactive barriers versus funnel-and-gate systems.
Author: Us Army Corps Of Engineers
Publisher: Military Bookshop
ISBN: 9781780397702
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
This manual provides practical guidance for the design and operation of soil vapor extraction (SVE) and bioventing (BV) systems. It is intended for use by engineers, geologists, hydrogeologists, and soil scientists, chemists, project managers, and others who possess a technical education and some design experience but only the broadest familiarity with SVE or BV systems.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 804
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