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Author: J.I. Gitelson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780203222799
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
Providing a broad historical perspective, this book explores the interactions between humans, microorganisms, and plants in a closed habitat, and the life support systems necessary to maintain habitability over long periods of time. Topics include the cultivation of bacteria, microalgae and higher plants; the use of biotechnology to support life outside the Earth's biosphere; methods for recycling air, water and food for human consumption; interactions between humans and other organisms in CMESs; and methods for intensifying the level of photosynthesis. In addition to space the authors investigate problems associated with living conditions in dangerous or difficult environmental areas on Earth such as the Arctic and Antarctica, deserts and mountains.
Author: J.I. Gitelson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780203222799
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 418
Get Book Here
Book Description
Providing a broad historical perspective, this book explores the interactions between humans, microorganisms, and plants in a closed habitat, and the life support systems necessary to maintain habitability over long periods of time. Topics include the cultivation of bacteria, microalgae and higher plants; the use of biotechnology to support life outside the Earth's biosphere; methods for recycling air, water and food for human consumption; interactions between humans and other organisms in CMESs; and methods for intensifying the level of photosynthesis. In addition to space the authors investigate problems associated with living conditions in dangerous or difficult environmental areas on Earth such as the Arctic and Antarctica, deserts and mountains.
Author: Heinrich Walter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468404687
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.
Author: J.I. Gitelson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780415299985
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Man-Made Closed Ecological Systems explores the interactions between humans, microorganisms, and plants in a closed habitat, and the life support systems necessary to maintain habitability over long periods of time. Problems and approaches involved in creating closed man-made ecological systems (CMESs) from a theoretical and experimental viewpoint are given. Topics include the cultivation of bacteria, microalgae and higher plants; the use of biotechnology to support life outside the Earth's biosphere; methods for recycling air, water and food for human consumption; interactions between humans and other organisms in CMESs; and methods for intensifying the level of photosynthesis. In addition to space the authors investigate problems associated with living conditions in dangerous or difficult environmental areas on Earth such as the Arctic and Antarctica, deserts and mountains.
Author: S.E. Jorgensen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080441672
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
The book presents a consistent and complete ecosystem theory based on thermodynamic concepts. The first chapters are devoted to an interpretation of the first and second law of thermodynamics in ecosystem context. Then Prigogine's use of far from equilibrium thermodynamic is used on ecosystems to explain their reactions to perturbations. The introduction of the concept exergy makes it possible to give a more profound and comprehensive explanation of the ecosystem's reactions and growth-patterns. A tentative fourth law of thermodynamic is formulated and applied to facilitate these explanations. The trophic chain, the global energy and radiation balance and pattern and the reactions of ecological networks are all explained by the use of exergy. Finally, it is discussed how the presented theory can be applied more widely to explain ecological observations and rules, to assess ecosystem health and to develop ecological models.
Author: Barry Commoner
Publisher: Courier Dover Publications
ISBN: 0486837467
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
"I regard him as right and compassionate on nearly every major issue." — Stephen Jay Gould. Radical 1971 argument about the root causes of climate change remains a must-read for environmentalists.
Author: Fouad Sabry
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 606
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Book Description
What Is Closed Ecological Systems A closed ecological system is an ecosystem that provides for the maintenance of life through complete reutilization of available material, in particular by means of cycles wherein exhaled carbon dioxide, fuel and other waste matter are converted, chemically or by photosynthesis, into oxygen, water and food. Closed Ecological Systems: Can They Save the Future? What is a Closed Ecological System? Why Would We Need Closed Ecological Systems? What Are the Different Types of Closed Ecological Systems? BIOS-1, BIOS-2, and BIOS-3 Biosphere 2 MELiSSA What Are the Challenges of Creating Closed Ecological Systems? Can Closed Ecological Systems Change the Future? How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Closed Ecological System Chapter 2: Biosphere Chapter 3: Biosphere 2 Chapter 4: Bioshelter Chapter 5: Greenhouse Chapter 6: Seawater Greenhouse Chapter 7: IBTS Greenhouse Chapter 8: Eden Project Chapter 9: Chang'e 4 Chapter 10: Space Stations and Habitats in Fiction Chapter 11: Controlled Ecological Life-Support System Chapter 12: Controlled-Environment Agriculture Chapter 13: Ecosphere (Planetary) Chapter 14: Spome Chapter 15: Ecology Chapter 16: Ecosystem Service Chapter 17: Terraforming Chapter 18: Space Colonization (II) Answering the public top questions about closed ecological systems. (III) Real world examples for the usage of closed ecological systems in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technology in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of closed ecological systems' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of closed ecological systems.
Author: Irina R. Fomina
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119510333
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Written and edited by some of the most well-respected authors in the area of the adaptation of plants and animals to climate change, this groundbreaking new work is an extremely important scientific contribution to the study of global warming. Global climate change is one of the most serious and pressing issues facing our planet. Rather than a "silver bullet" or a single study that solves it, the study of global climate change is like a beach, with each contribution a grain of sand, gathered together as a whole to create a big picture, moving the science forward. This new groundbreaking study focuses on the adaptation and tolerance of plants and animal life to the harsh conditions brought on by climate change or global warming. Using the papers collected here, scientists can better understand global climate change, its causes, results, and, ultimately, the future of life on our planet. The first section lays out a methodology and conceptual direction of the work as a whole, covering the modeling, approaches, and the impacts studied throughout the book. The second section focuses on certain hypotheses laid out by the authors regarding how plants and animal life can adapt and survive in extreme environments. The third section compiles a series of ecological experiments and their conclusions, and a final section is dedicated to previous scientific breakthroughs in this field and the scientists who made them. Whether for the scientist in the field, the student, or as a reference, this groundbreaking new work is a must-have. Focusing on a small part of the global climate change "beach," this "grain of sand" is an extremely important contribution to the scientific literature and a step forward in understanding the problems and potentialities of the issue.
Author: Lawrence K. Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1603271406
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 989
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Book Description
The past 30 years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide that positive actions be taken to restore and protect the environment from the degrading effects of all forms of pollution – air, water, soil, and noise. Since pollution is a direct or indirect consequence of waste production, the seemingly idealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero waste. However, as long as waste continues to exist, we can only attempt to abate the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been identi ed: (1) How serious is the pollution? (2) Is the technology to abate it available? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify the degree of abatement achieved? This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is to help readers formulate answers to the last two questions above. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to speci c pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, the realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken.
Author: Catherine Rich
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 1597265969
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
While certain ecological problems associated with artificial night lighting are widely known-for instance, the disorientation of sea turtle hatchlings by beachfront lighting-the vast range of influences on all types of animals and plants is only beginning to be recognized. From nest choice and breeding success of birds to behavioral and physiological changes in salamanders, many organisms are seriously affected by human alterations in natural patterns of light and dark. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting is the first book to consider the environmental effects of the intentional illumination of the night. It brings together leading scientists from around the world to review the state of knowledge on the subject and to describe specific effects that have been observed across a full range of taxonomic groups, including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, and plants. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting provides a scientific basis to begin addressing the challenge of conserving the nighttime environment. It cogently demonstrates the vital importance of this until-now neglected topic and is an essential new work for conservation planners, researchers, and anyone concerned with human impacts on the natural world.
Author: Richard J. Hobbs
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118354206
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Land conversion, climate change and species invasions are contributing to the widespread emergence of novel ecosystems, which demand a shift in how we think about traditional approaches to conservation, restoration and environmental management. They are novel because they exist without historical precedents and are self-sustaining. Traditional approaches emphasizing native species and historical continuity are challenged by novel ecosystems that deliver critical ecosystems services or are simply immune to practical restorative efforts. Some fear that, by raising the issue of novel ecosystems, we are simply paving the way for a more laissez-faire attitude to conservation and restoration. Regardless of the range of views and perceptions about novel ecosystems, their existence is becoming ever more obvious and prevalent in today’s rapidly changing world. In this first comprehensive volume to look at the ecological, social, cultural, ethical and policy dimensions of novel ecosystems, the authors argue these altered systems are overdue for careful analysis and that we need to figure out how to intervene in them responsibly. This book brings together researchers from a range of disciplines together with practitioners and policy makers to explore the questions surrounding novel ecosystems. It includes chapters on key concepts and methodologies for deciding when and how to intervene in systems, as well as a rich collection of case studies and perspective pieces. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, managers and policy makers interested in the question of how humanity manages and restores ecosystems in a rapidly changing world. A companion website with additional resources is available at www.wiley.com/go/hobbs/ecosystems
